Dicranoloma fragiliforme (Card.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (ed.2) 10: 209. 1924. Dicranum fragiliforme Card., Bull. Herb. Boissier sér. 2, 7: 713. 1907. Dicranoloma striatulum (Mitt.) Nog., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 60: 157. 1986. Dicranum striatulum Mitt., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. sér. 2, 3: 156. 1891. Dicranoloma subcylindrothecium Broth., Ann. Bryol. 1: 17. 1928. Type. China: Taiwan, Ilan Co., Tai-ping Shan (Mt.), S. Suzuki s.n., Aug. 16, 1925 (holotype H).

Plants medium-sized to large, up to 5 cm high, yellowish brown, glossy, in dense tufts. Stems simple or branched, arcuate-ascending, densely leaved; central strand present. Leaves erect-spreading, homomallous when dry, lanceolate, ca. 7 mm long, gradually tapered to a semi-canaliculate, subulate acumen; margins involute, entire below, regularly serrulate in the upper half; costa narrow, occasionally very slender, percurrent to shortly excurrent, without lamellae, dentate at back in the upper part of leaves; cells elongate-rectangular, in the middle, 60–100 µm × 6–12 µm, porose, upper cells shorter, basal cells linear; alar cells quadrate to hexagonal, thick-walled, not extending close to costa. Dioicous or pseudoautoicous. Male plants much smaller than the females. Perichaetial leaves convolute-sheathing, abruptly subulate, with setaceous tips. Setae flexuose, brownish, 10–15 mm long; capsules erect, yellowish brown, cylindric or oblong-ovoid, attenuate at base, with an indistinct apophysis, not furrowed when dry; opercula long-rostrate; annuli in 1 row; stomata present; peristome teeth lanceolate, divided halfway down, orange-brown and faintly striate below, papillose above. Calyptrae cucullate, extending to near the base of the urns. Spores 14–17 µm in diameter.

Type. Japan: Mt. Miogi, J. Bisset 19.

Chinese specimens examined: FUJIAN: Wuyi Shan (Mt.), P.-J. Lin 441 (IBSC, IFSBH). GUANGXI: Xing-an Co., C. Gao & G.-C. Zhang 1511 (IFSBH). TAIWAN: Chia-yi Co., S.-H. Lin s.n. [Bryophytes of Taiwan Exsiccatae 63] (MO); also see the type information of Dicranoloma subcylindrothecium cited above. ZHEJIANG: Xitianmu Shan (Mt.), Y.-F. Wang s.n. (IFSBH, SHNU).

Habitat: on tree trunks or rotten wood in forests; Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, and Russian Far East.

Illustrations: Pl. 39, figs. 1–8.