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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedwig) Bridel., Bryol. Univ. 1:480. 1826.
Ceratodon purpurascens (Hedwig) JenningsCeratodon purpureus var. purpurascens (Hedwig) BridelCeratodon purpureus var. xanthopus SullivantDicranum purpureum Hedwig
Plants in open to dense tufts, turfs, or mats, green, dark green, brownish-green, light green or yellow-green, usually darker below, often tinged reddish brown or purple. Stems (0.2--)1--3(--4) cm. Leaves crowded, erectopatent to contorted or somewhat crisped, rarely straight when dry, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or triangular-lanceolate, 0.35--2.8 mm, margins recurved to near apex or rarely plane, irregularly serrate to uneven or smooth distally, apices acute to short-acuminate or, rarely, obtuse; costa strong, sub-percurrent to excurrent, sometimes as a long, smooth awn, medial laminal cells (6.5--)8--12(--14) µm, cell walls even, usually of medium thickness, often somewhat thicker and rounded at the cell angles. Seta 1--3(--4) cm, various shades of red, orange, or yellow. Capsule oblong to long-cylindric, (1--)2--2.5(--3) mm, smooth to strongly sulcate when dry; free to united at their nodes, finely papillose to spinulose-papillose, dark red and bordered to completely pale and lacking borders. Spores (10--)11--14(--17) µm.
Four subspecies (3 in the flora): more or less worldwide.
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| 1 |
Plants usually of various shades of green to red-brown; seta red to dark brown; capsules inclined to horizontal, oblong to cylindric, strumose, deeply sulcate when dry, usually red to red-brown to purplish, occasionally light brown. |
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Ceratodon purpureus ssp. purpureus |
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Plants pale green to yellow-green to yellowish-brown; seta pale yellow to yellow-orange, rarely reddish; capsules slightly inclined to erect, narrowly cylindric to cylindric, not or weakly strumose, smooth to sulcate when dry, usually pale brown to yellow (golden)-orange. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Stems usually under 0.5 cm; distal leaves relatively compact, straight to slightly twisted when dry, usually forming a comal tuft, slightly spreading when wet, 0.6--1.2 mm, margins often entire; costae long-excurrent as a smooth awn on many leaves, awns sometimes as long as leaf blade. |
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Ceratodon purpureus ssp. conicus |
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Stems usually greater than 1 cm; distal leaves more open, usually crisped when dry, not forming a comal tuft, spreading when wet, 1.2--1.8 mm, margins often toothed; costae percurrent to slightly excurrent. |
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Ceratodon purpureus ssp. stenocarpus |
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Lower Taxa
Related Synonym(s):
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