Alpinia zerumbet (Persoon) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 31: 204. 1972. Wu & Chen, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 16(2): 87. pl. 27. 1981; R. M. Smith, Edinburgh J. Bot. 47(1): 62. 1990; J. J. Yang & J. C. Wang in S. T. Chiu & C. I. Peng, Proc. Cross-Strait Symp. Florist. Diversity Conserv. 191. 1998.
月桃
Costus zerumbet Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 3. 1805.
Zerumbet speciosum Wendl., Sert. Hann. 4: 3. pl. 19. 1798.
Alpinia speciosa (Wendl.) K. Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 284. 1899; Moo, Fl. Taiwan 5: 838. pl. 1534. 1978. non Dietr. 1839.
Languas speciosa (Wendl.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. A. ed. 2. 407. 1913; Sasaki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 14: 86. 1924..
Alpinia nutans Rosc., Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 346. 1807; Henry, List Pl. Form. 119. 1896; Wright, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 424. 1903.
Alpinia schumanniana Valet., Bull. Inst. Buitenz. 20: 84. 1904; Moo, Fl. Taiwan 5: 837. 1978.
Languas schumanniana (Valet.) Sasaki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 14: 85. 1924.
Alpinia fluvitialis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 5: 227. 1915.
Plant 2.0-4.5 m. Leaves sessile to petiolate, petiole 0-1.0cm long; blade 50-80 × 10-15 cm, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, tip acuminate, base cuneate, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides except for margin and below midrib; ligule 1 cm long, entire or bilobed, coriaceous, outer surface hairy. Inflorescence a thyrse, usually pendulous, glabrous or villose, flower-bearing part 25-45 cm long, lower rachilla 1.2-3.0 cm long, with 2-3(4) flowers, upper ones with 1 flower, without bract. Flowers pedicellate; bracteole white, tip pink, folded around the bud, glabrous, deciduous; calyx white, tip pink, tubular, 2.5 cm long, shortly 3-5-lobed and deeply split unilaterally, minutely pubescent on outer surface; corolla white, tube 2.0 cm long, lobes oblong, outer surface sparsely pubescent, margin ciliate, dorsal lobe 3.5 × 3 cm, laterals 3.0 × 1.8 cm; labellum dark yellow, involute, 4.5 × 4.0 cm, with red stripes and spots at the center, apex emarginate; staminodes linear, 0.3 cm long, with red stripes; anther 1.5 cm long; filament band-form, 1.5 cm long; stigma funnel-form, apex densely hairy; style slender, 5 cm long; epigynous glands massive, united on one side, yellow-brown, 0.4 cm long; ovary green, villose, 0.7 × 0.6 cm. Fruits capsular, red, globose to triangulate, 2.5-3.5 × 2.0-2.3 cm, distinctly costate, villose. Seeds 25-40, angular; aril white, membranous.
KEELUNG : Chinzenhu, Yang 1803(TNU); Tawulun, Yang 1804(TNU); Is. Keelung, Peng 14086 (HAST), Kawakami s.n. May. 1915.(TAIF). TAIPEI : Shihmen, Wang 3360 (TAI); Kuanyingshan, Yang 1071, 1325(TNU); Nankang, Chuang s.n. Aug. 16, 1962; Moo 104 (TAI), Yang 1071, 1352(TNU); Pinghsi, Yang 1255(TNU); Shuanghsi, Yang 1558(TNU); Yuanwankeng, Yang 1589(TNU); Houtong Yang 1829(TNU); Shenkeng, Yang 853, 1114, 1649(TNU), Kawakami s.n. Mar. 1914 (TAIF); Shihting, Hsu 9540 (TAI), Jeng 937 (TAI); Hsintien, Yang 669, 1139, 1234, 1709(TNU); Chuchih, Yang 724(TNU); Kueishan, Yang 911, 1112, 1491, 1627(TNU); Wulai, Moo 2427 (TAI); Hsiaokotou, Yang 883, 1496, 1498, 1655(TNU); Pinglin, Yang 1122, 1664(TNU); Nankung, Yang 863, 1131(TNU); Peitou, Yang 1004(TNU), Shimada s.n. Jun. 1912 (TAIF); Mucha, Yang 889(TNU). TAOYUAN : Fuhsing, Yang 740(TNU); Yangmei, Yang 1195(TNU); Kochien, Yang 1696(TNU). HSINCHU : Yangliao, Yang 1507, 1703(TNU). MIAOLI : Tahu, Yang 1045(TNU); Taian, Yang 1251(TNU); Sanyi, Yang 1188(TNU). TAICHUNG : Fengyuan, Leu 1048 (HAST), Peng 12171 (HAST). NANTOU : Puli, Moo 203 (TAI); Shuangtung, Yang 1199(TNU). TAINAN : Tsochen, Yang 1007(TNU); Chutouchi, Kawakami s.n. Dec. 1916 (TAIF). KAOHSIUNG: Soushan,Yang 1191(TNU); Liukuei, Yang 1039(TNU); Chuyunshan, Ohashi 13022 (TAI). PINGTUNG : Pingtung, Kao 9726 (TAI); Machia, Yang 1044(TNU), Yang 24074, 24075 (PPI); Neipu, Hsiao 12 (PPI); Pouli, Chang 2037 (PPI), Lin s.n. Dec. 31, 1987 (PPI), Lin s.n. Apr. 23, 1989 (PPI); Pinlian, Hsu 7990 (TAI); Manchu, Yang 1767, 1831(TNU), Yang 23798 (PPI). ILAN : Is. Kueishan, Hsu 7246 (TAI); Chilan, Yang 1725(TNU); Nanao, Moo 69 (TAI). TAITUNG : Is. Lutao, Chang 15894, 16546 (PPI), Huang 6964, 6982 (TAI), Sasaki s.n. May. 5, 1927 (TAI); Is. Lanyu, Chang 7804, 8607, 14877, 17116 (PPI), Huang 9216 (TAI), Masamune 4054 (TAI), Moo 2369 (TAI), Sasaki s.n. Jul. 16, 1924, Jun. 8, 1926 (TAI), Wang 6137(TNU), Yamamoto s.n. Jun. 5, 1947 (TAI), Yang 1544(TNU), Sasaki s.n. Jun. 1913 (TAIF).
Tropics of the Old World. Taiwan, widely distributed at low altitudes throughout the island and the adjacent islets.
