|
Alpinia Roxb., Asiat. Res. 11:350. 1810. K. Schumann in Engler, Pflanzenfam. 20(?. 46): 378. 1904.
月桃屬
Terrestrial, perennial herbs. Rhizomes stout, branched. Pseudostems distinct. Leaves lanceolate to oblong, acute or acuminate at apex, glabrous or hairy on one side or both; ligule usually bilobed, sometimes entire. Inflorescence spicate, racemose, or a thyrse, terminal on pseudostem, protected by one or more large spathe-like bracts when young; rachis glabrous or villose. Flowers protected by bracts and/or bracteoles; calyx tubular; corolla united below, 3-lobed above, one lobe usually larger than the others; labellum ovate, rhomboid or round, white or yellow, usually with radial red stripes toward the margins; lateral staminodes subulate, or absent; fertile stamen single, filament usually band-form, anther large, rectangular; stigma expanded or clavate; stylodes (epigynous glands) two, columnar or massive; ovary trilocular with axile placentation. Fruits capsular, sometimes indehiscent, commonly spherical or ellipsoid. Seeds arillate, often angular.
About 230 species in the tropics of the Old World, 12 species and two varieties in Taiwan.
Smith, R. M. 1990. Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a proposed new infrageneric classification. Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: 1 -75.
Yang J. J. & J. C. Wang 1998. The systematic study of Taiwanese Alpinia (Zingiberaceae). In S. T. Chiu & C. I. Peng (eds.), Proc. Cross-Strait Symp. Florist. Diversity Conservation. pp. 183-197.
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
Inflorescence branched, with two ascending lateral axes; labellum smaller than corolla-lobes |
|
Alpinia flabellata |
| + |
Inflorescence unbranched, only a single central axis; labellum larger than corolla- lobes |
|
2 |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 |
Inflorescence a thyrse with lateral few-flowered cincinnus, at least the lower part |
|
3 |
| + |
Inflorescence racemose or spicate |
|
9 |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 |
Fruits indehiscent; labellum white |
|
4 |
| + |
Fruits capsular, dehiscent loculicidally; labellum yellow |
|
6 |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 |
Plant villose, corolla-lobe red |
|
Alpinia japonica |
| + |
Plant glabrous, corolla-lobe white or green-white |
|
5 |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 |
Labellum ovate, with very short claw and 2 red stripes at center |
|
Alpinia intermedia |
| + |
Labellum oblong, with long claw, without red stripes at center |
|
Alpinia galanga |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 |
Labellum usually>4 cm long, deep yellow |
|
7 |
| + |
Labellum<4 cm long, yellowish |
|
8 |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 |
Inflorescence usually pendulous; fruits distinctly costate, glabrous or
villose |
|
Alpinia zerumbet |
| + |
Inflorescence curvingly ascending; fruits faintly costate, covered
with fine spinous hairs |
|
Alpinia tonrokuensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 |
Inflorescence rachis slender; labellum explanate |
|
Alpinia formosana |
| + |
Inflorescence rachis thick; labellum involute |
|
Alpinia mesanthera |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 |
Inflorescence covered with spinous hair; labellum yellow or yellowish, >3 cm long |
|
10 |
| + |
Inflorescence pubescent; labellum white or pink, <3 cm. long |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 10 |
Labellum deep yellow, >4 cm long; fruits orange, with 60-120 seeds |
|
Alpinia uraiensis |
| + |
Labellum yellowish, 3-4 cm long; fruits orange-red, with 15-30 seeds |
|
Alpinia kusshakuensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 |
Inflorescence 8-15 cm long |
|
12 |
| + |
Inflorescence 15-25 cm long |
|
13 |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 |
Flowers without bracteoles |
|
Alpinia pricei |
| + |
Flowers with bracteoles |
|
Alpinia pricei var. sessiliflora |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 |
Leaf glabrous except for margin and below midrib |
|
Alpinia shimadai |
| + |
Leaf densly pubescent below |
|
Alpinia shimadai var. kawakamii |
|
|
|
List of lower taxa
| Related Links (opens in a new window) |
|
Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
Other Databases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
