喜岩菫菜

Viola adenothrix Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 3:23, fig. 9, 1913. Hashimoto in Bull. Jap. Assoc. Bot. Gard. 1959, 33. Viola brachycentra Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 3:25, fig. 10, 1913. Viola taiwanensis W. Becker in Fedde, Rep. 17:315, 1921. Viola thrichopoda Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 3:29, fig. 5, 1913. Viola kosanensis (non Hayata) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:87, 1922; Lin in Taiwania 1:276, 1950. Viola rupicola (non Elm.) Merrill, Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3:106, 1923 (pro parte); Lin in Taiwania 1:273, 1950; Jacob & Moore in van Steenis Fl. Malesiana 7:210, 1971 (pro parte); Hsieh in Li et al. Fl Taiwan 3:779, pl. 816, 1977. Viola royleana (non Wallich) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:87, 1922.

Perennial herb; rhizome erect to ascending, rather stout, bearing leaves and flowers, and usually stem at apex stem up to 25 cm high, creeping to ascending, some times rooting at nodes. Leaves 1-5 cm long, 1-4 cm broad, elliptical to elliptic-ovate or ovate-cordate, cordate at base with rounded basal lobes, acute at apex, shallowly crenate on margin, subdentate on lobes, wingless, usually hirsute, rarely slightly pubescent membraneous or herbaceous; petioles 1-15 cm long, slender, hirsute. Stipules 3-16 mm long, 2-6 mm broad, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate at apex, fimbriate or laciniate on margin, glabrous. Flowers 15-24 mm across, pale purple to almost white with darker veins; peduncles 2-12 cm long, slender, usually exceeding leaves, glabrous or pilose. Sepals 3-7 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, lanceolate, acute at apex, entire, sparsely pubescent; appendages c. 0.5 mm long, rounded. Petals obovate to oblanceolate, basal usually shorter than the others, emarginate at apex, the laterals bearded, rarely beardless; spurs 0.8-2 mm long, exceeding calycine appendages, cylindrical, obtuse. Styles 1.4-1.6 mm long geniculate at base, clavate distally, apex distinctly lobed on both sides, with anterior stigmatic beak. Capsules 6-9 mm long, ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, 1-1.2 mm long. Chromosome number: n = 12.

Taipei : Lalashan-Fushan, Yang 1340; Lalashan-Korerogan, T. Suzuki 18173; Ruggyahu Kyoan, T. Suzuki 16488. Taoyuan : Lalashan, Kuo 4793, Wang 947, Yang s.n. Jan. 26, 1986; Tsutuan-Ssuling, Wang 3521, 3525, 3526, 3527. Hsinchu : Luchangtashan, Fukuyama 3410, Simada 2527b (NTUF); Mt. Rokudyo, Simada 2528, 2529; Mt. Tentana, Simada s.n. Apr. 6 1918 (TAIF); Litungshan, Matuda s.n. Jul. 29, 1918 (TAIF), Chen s.n. Mar. 8, 1987; Kwanwu, Wang 4128; Madalashi-99 Hostel, Wang 4120, 4122; Kwaishan, Wang 4783. Taichung: Chihyoushan-Taoshan, Wang 3886, 3887; E-W Cross Island Highway, Wang 3481, 3482; Gukuan-Chingshan, Murata 17573; Chingshan, Wang 3484; Anmashan, Huang 8092; Hassenzan, T. Suzuki 5627, S. Suzuki s.n. Oct. 22, 1929, Sasaki s.n. Dec. 1928; Lishan, Huang 10385, Wang 2645, 3051, 3475, 3476, 3479, 3483, 4134, 4135, T. Y. Yang 1190; Pilushi, Wang 3093; Chungyangchienshi, Wang 3580; Nanhushi, Wang 3584; Kwanmen, Central Mt. Range, Mori s.n. Apr. 15, 1910. Nantou : Chitou, T. Y. Yang s.n. Jan. 28, 1986, Ou & Kao 8912, C. C. Kuo 2700; Chitou tract, Chuang et al. 3159; Shanlinshi, Tang 1779, C. H. Chen s.n. Mar. 26, 1986; Chiti, Hsu 9003; Tsueifeng, S. M. Chao 609, S. F. Huang s.n. Jan. 22, 1986, Tang s.n. Oct. 19, 1985, Wang 4196, Jeng 1856, Hayata s.n. Apr. 23, 1916 (TAIF); Tungpu-dueikuan, Wang 4285; Dueikuan, Moritani 2410, Sasaki s.n. Dec. 14, 1923 (TAIF); Dueikuan-Kwankao, S. H. Chen s.n. Jul. 6, 1985, Wang 4286, Yang s.n. Oct. 22, 1986; Hohuanshan, Ying 593 (NTUF), 636 (NTUF); Kunyang-Yuanfeng, Wang 3421, 3425, 3426, T. Y. Yang 3840; Hsinjenkang, Wang 3878, 3879, 3882; Hsinjenkang-Yuanfeng, Lin s.n. May 31, 1985; Meifeng, Ou & Kao 9317; Chungyang Gold Mine, Wang s.n. Apr. 20, 1987; Pingkuoshan, Tang s.n. May 13, 1987; Kidaishiunanho, Sasaki s.n. Aug. 24, 1929; Kwankao, Sasaki s.n. Dec. 14, 1923; Tonbara-Onoue, Fukuyama 4401, 4403, 4413, 4671, 4673; Noko-Onoue, Sasaki s.n. Aug. 25, 1929; Noko-Musya, Simada s.n. Mar. 7, 1918 (TAIF); Onoue-Musya, Sasaki s.n. Aug. 26, 1929. Chiayi : Arishan, Bandaizan, Hayata s.n. Jan. 25, 1912 (Type of Viola adenothrix, TI!); Alishan, Kudo & Suzuki 16233, Sasaki s.n. Oct. 9, 1927, s.n. Mar. 12, 1910, s.n. Dec. 1927, s.n. Jan. 1911 (TAIF), Kuo 3110, H. J. Chang 2389, Hsu & Kuo 6793, 6806, 6833, Huang & Kao 1610, Y. F. Chen 4140, 5211, S. H. Chen s.n. Jan. 26, 1986, s.n. Mar. 9, 1985, T. Y. Yang s.n. Jul. 16, 1986, Chen s.n. May. 9, 1987, Yang s.n. Jan. 14, 1986, Hayata s.n. Apr. 3, 1914 (TAIF); Erhwanping, Sasaki s.n. Mar. 20, 1921; Alishan-Shihhou (Monkey Rock), T. Y. Yang s.n. Jul. 16, 1986; Minyueh, Alishan, Chen s.n. Jan. 1988; Seizan, Yamada 43, S. Suzuki s.n. Jul. 10, 1933; Alishan-Tungpu, Jeng 2340; Tashan (Tozan), Sasaki s.n. May, 1913 (TAIF), Nakamura 4107, Wang 4207, 4207b, 4208, 4209, 4213, H. Keng 1099 (L), Ishizaki s.n. Jun. 3 1924; Hsiaotashan, Ishizaki s.n. Jun. 3, 1924. Tzushan, Wang 4205, 4206, 4216, Murata & S. F. Huang 17611; Niitaka-Arishan-Keitao, Sasaki s.n. Dec. 2, 1933; Mt. Morrison, Chuang et al. 4039. Kaohsiung: Tienchih-Chinching Bridge, Wang 4230; Chinching Bridge, Wang 4235, 4236; Chinching Bridge-302 peak, Wang 4231; Tienchih-Yakou, Yang s.n. Sep. 4, 1986; Takuanshan, Wang 4238, 4239, 4241; South Cross Island Highway, Huang 6596. Pingtung : Tona, Chen s.n. Nov. 15, 1985; Ali, Wang 3448; Wutai, I. S. Chen 1577 (pro parte), 1602 (pro parte); Daisekizan, Sasaki s.n. Oct. 18, 1933; Tawushan, Kano s.n. Mar. 1929. Ilan: Ssuyuan, Yang s.n. Aug. 12, 1986; Ssuyuan-Nanshan, Wang 3507, 3508, 3509, 3510, 3511, 3512, 3513, 3546; Ssuyuan-710 logging tract, Wang et al. 3619; Ugan-Pianan-anbu, S. Suzuki 5030; Tuling, Yamamoto s.n. Nov. 3, 1928; Suigen-Sansyoanbu, S. Suzuki 5964; 710 Logging tract, Yang s.n. Mar. 4, 1987; 720 Logging tract, Yang s.n. Mar. 5, 1987; Chilanshan, Wang 5028, Kuo 7954; Yuanyang Lake, Huang & Yang s.n. Apr. 1986, Huang et al. 10720; Taipingshan, Yang s.n. Apr. 30, 1987, Sasaki s.n. Apr. 25, 1930, s.n. Mar. 21, 1918 (TAI)(TAIF), S. Suzuki 93, 4116, 3946, 85, s.n. Aug. 13, 1925, s.n. Jul. 1929, Huang et al. 10779, Chuang & Kao 4091. Hualien : Hoping logging tract, Kuo 8203, Tang s.n. May 8, 1986, 1767; Batakan, Kanehira & Sasaki s.n. May 30, 1919 (TAIF); Yenhai logging tract, Hsiao s.n. Jan. 14, 1988 (TAI)(TAIF); Mukuananshan, Hsieh & Lin s.n. Oct. 10 1987; Kiraikei-Higasinoko, Sasaki s.n. Aug. 22 1929; Kiraikei-Asahi, Matuda s.n. Aug. 4, 1919 (TAIF); Higasinogo-Noko, Sasaki s.n. Aug. 23, 1929; Tzuen, Y. M. Hsu 616, 617; Tayuling, Tang s.n. May 9, 1986; Tatung-Tali, Wang 2416; Chingshuishan, Huang et al. s.n. Jul. 23, 1986, Nakamura 5356, Wang 2307, Liao 248 (NTUF); Lintienshan, Lin & Lin s.n. Feb. 13, 1986; Wanrung, Lin & Lin s.n. Feb. 13, 1986; Tonogo-Kirai, Nakamura 5071; Panpien-Tienchang, T. Shimizu 11240, 11216; Luanshan, Huang 4234; Tienchang cliff, T. Shimizu 11252, Nakamura 4916; Tentyono dangai, Sakahenkirai, Nakamura 4979; Sakahen-Kiraikei, Sasaki s.n. Aug. 19, 1929. Taitung : Lisung-Shiangyang, Wang 2059; Shiangyang, S. Huang 1083; Shiangyang-Litao, Jeng 2627, 2633; Central Mt. Range, Mori s.n. Apr. 15, 1909 (TAIF), s.n. Dec. 1908 (TAIF); Ahisen, Central Mt. Range, Sasaki s.n. Jan. 4, 1911; Chiakankei, Mori s.n. Jan. 1908 (Type of Viola thrichopoda, TI!), s.n. Jan. 16, 1907 (TAIF); Chienching-Shenshan, Hosokawa 5253; Izumo, Yamamoto & Mori 466; Tokiwa-Asahi, Yamamoto & Mori 342 (proparte); Tokiwa, Yamamoto & Mori 312; Kueihu, Hsu 3335, Wang 3436, 3437; Torin, Tanaka 10385 (NTUF); Dairinkosya, Mori 1845 (TAIF).

Endemic.