台灣菫菜

Viola formosana Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp.Univ. Tokyo 22:28, 1906; Icon. Pl. Form. 1:59, 1911; Lin in Taiwania 1:275, 1950. (Type, Kawakamii 58, TI!) Viola tozanensis Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25:53, 1908; Icon. Pl. Form. 1:59, 1911. Lin in Taiwania 1:274, 1950. Viola formosana Hayata var. tozanensis (Hayata) Hsieh in Li et al. Fl. Taiwan 3:776, pl. 813, 1977. Viola arisanensis W. Becker in Fedde, Rep. 17:314, 1921.

Perennial herb; rhizome erect, short, stout, bearing rosette of leaves and flowers at apex, usually with long stolons, the stolons rooting at ends and producing dense rosettes of leaves and flowers. Leaves 1-3 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, broadly cordate to orbicular, deeply cordate at base, acute to rounded or obtuse at apex, crenate on margin, wingless, glabrous to slightly pubescent, sometimes pillose at the sinus between the crenae, glaucouse or greenish-violet beneath, chartaceous; petioles 1-10 cm long glabrous or slightly pilose. Stipules 3-5 mm long, 0.5-1.2 mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate at apex, fimbriate or laciniate on margin, almost free. Flowers 14-22 mm across, violet to almost white with darker veins; peduncles 4-15 cm long, slender, usually much exceeding leaves, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Sepals 3-5 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm broad, lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, entire, glabrous; appendage c. 1 mm long, squarish, glabrous. Petals ovately cuneate, the basal longest, deeply emarginate at apex, uppers and laterals beardless, truncate at apex; spurs slender, 5-7 mm long, exceeding calycine appendages, cylindrical, obtuse. Styles 1.2-1.6 mm long, geniculate at base, thickened distally, apex slightly lobed on both sides, with inconspicuously anterior stigmatic beak. Capsules 4-6 mm long, globose to ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, c. 1 mm long. Chromosome number: n = 11.

Taipei : Wantan, Kawakami 58 (Type of V. formosana, TI!); Habun, Yang s.n. Sep. 27, 1986; Kankou, Lin & Shen s.n. May 27, 1933; Rimogan, Kawakami & Mori 2674 (TAIF); Urai, Wang 3587; Tataoshan, Chen s.n. Oct. 19, 1986; Lopeishan, Wang 5073, 5074, 5077, Hsieh et al. s.n. Apr. 4, 1986; Polushan, Chen s.n. Aug. 19, 1986; Peichatienshan, Wang 3467, 3470, 3471, Lin s.n. Jan. 20, 1986, Kuo 2651; Kwaishan-Lalashan, Simozawa 888; Ruggya hu Kyutu, T. Suzuki 16074; Karashan, S. Suzuki 6215, 6252; Daitozan, Urai, T. Suzuki 6359; Taran, Kaitin Mangan, T. Suzuki 17845; Kamiyodani, S. Suzuki 6293; Tonroku, Yamamoto & T. Suzuki s.n. Mar. 20, 1936; Kaboshan, Fukuyama ST19236, T. Suzuki 12940; Togokei, Sihoyanzan, T. Suzuki 14573; Buta-Riyohen, T. Suzuki 7553. Taoyuan : Lalashan, Hsieh et al. s.n. Apr. 17, 1986, Kuo 4792, Huang 7670, Kao 10201, Peng 1110; Paling-Lalashan, Jeng 844; Sotenzan, T. Suzuki 4671; Taiwanpin, Mori s.n. Mar. 16, 1906 (TAIF); Mt. Yuku, Simada s.n. Mar. 11, 1906 (TAIF); Tsutuan, Wang 3542; Tsutuan-Ssuling, Wang 3520, 3522, 3523, 3524; Gaotai, Kanehira s.n. Apr. 6, 1918 (TAIF). Hsinchu : Mt. Yura, Simada 2389c; Mt. Tentana, Shimada s.n. Apr. 6, 1918 (TAIF); Mt. Gakokitu, Kawakimi & Watanabe s.n. Apr. 1906 (TAIF). Miaoli : Shihtoushan, A. T. Hsieh s.n. Dec. 14, 1929 (TAIF). Taichung : Chungyangchienshi-Nanhushi, Wang 3582. Nantou : Tsueifeng-Hohuanshan, Ying 1759 (NTUF). Chiayi : Alishan, Wang 4206, 4215, Ishizaki s.n. Jun. 3, 1925, Chao & Kao 6190, Chen s.n. May. 9, 1987, S. H. Chen s.n. Jan. 26, 1986, Yang s.n. Jan. 14, 1986, Soma s.n. Jan. 2, 1915 (TAIF), Sasaki s.n. May 1913 (TAIF); Erhwanping, Hayata s.n. Apr. 2, 1914; Hsiaotashan, Wang 4211, 4212; Alishan-Tashan, Wang 4210. Kaohsiung : Kwanshan, Wang 4233. Ilan : Taipingshan, S. Suzuki 421, 4118, Huang et al. 10781, Sasaki s.n. Mar. 10, 1918, s.n. Apr. 25, 1930, s.n. Jan. 3, 1917 (TAIF); Tayenshan, Kao 3225; Mt. Egiri, Mori s.n. Apr. 11, 1908 (TAI)(TAIF), Kawakimi & Mori s.n. Apr. 11, 1908 (TAIF); Yuanyang Lake, Wang 5012, Hsu & Kuoh 14526, Huang & Yang s.n. Apr. 1986, Huang et al. 10732, 10750, 10755, 10756; Chilanshan, Wang 5025, 5026, 5027, Kuo 7847, 7849, 7855, 7857; Ssuyuan (Pianan-anbu), Wang 5089, Yang s.n. Aug. 12, 1986, Yamamoto s.n. Nov. 3, 1928; Ssuyuan-Nanshan, Wang 3505, 3506; ankyaku-Suigen, S. Suzuki 5939; Suigen-Sansyoanbu S. Suzuki 5963; 710 logging tract, Wang et al. 3596, Yang s.n. Mar. 4, 1987; 720 logging tract, Wang 5087, Yang s.n. Mar. 5, 1987; Chilieting-Nanshan, Chen s.n. Oct. 6, 1986; Shernmihu, S. H. Lin s.n. Mar. 12, 1987. Hualien : Chingsuishan, Huang et al. s.n. Jul. 23, 1986, Shimizu & Kao 11884, Wang 2309, Liao 223 (NTUF); Tatung-Tali, Wang 2406. Taitung : Taririkusya, Sasaki s.n. Feb. 25, 1925; Peinantzushan, Kano s.n.; Mt. Seikoo, Yamamoto 2209, 2210, 2211; Hsinkangshan, Yamamoto 902, 904; Sinsuiei, Sasaki s.n. Nov. 1, 1920 (TAIF).

endemic.