小菫菜

Viola mandshurica W. Becker ssp. nagasakiensis W. Becker in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. Abt. 2, 40:161. 1923. Viola confusa Champ. ex Benth. ssp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) F. Maekawa & Hashimoto in Journ. Jap. Bot. 43:161. 1968. Viola patrinii DC var. minor Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 6:50, 1892. Viola minor (Makino) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26:151. 1912; Hashimoto in Bull. Jap. Assoc. Bot. Gard. 1959, 34 (pro parte). Viola taiwaniana Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:38. 1922; Lin in Taiwania 1:278. 1950. (Type s. coll. s.n. Apr. 19, 1902, TAIF!)

Perennial herb; rhizome erect to ascending, rather stout, bearing white or yellowish roots below and rosette of leaves and flowers at apex, acaulescent. Leaves 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, broadest at base, triangular-ovate, cordate at base with prominently rounded basal lobes, acute at apex, crenate, sometimes dentate on basal lobes, short-decurrent on petiole, glabrous or pubescent on both surfaces, herbaceous; petioles 2-13 cm long. Stipules 3-5 mm long, c. 1mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely denticulate, glabrous, adnate to petiole to 3/4 length. Flowers 8-12 mm across, purple to pale purple, with darker veins; peduncles 5-15 cm long, equalling or exceeding leaves, glabrous or pubescent. Sepals 3-5 mm long, 1-1.6 mm broad, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire, glabrous; appendages 1-2.5 mm long, rounded, acute, or sometimes incised, glabrous. Petals obovate, the laterals bearded, the basal emarginated or truncate at apex; spurs 2-2.5 mm long, exceeding calycine appendages, cylindrical, obtuse, straight. Styles c. 1.5 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate distally, with prominent marginal lobes at apex, anterior stigmatic beak. Capsules 6-9 mm long, ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, 1-1.2 mm long. Chromosome number: n = 24.

Taipei : Taipei, Nakahara s.n. Jun. 1906 (TAIF); Yangmingshan (Sozan), Wang 4201, C. Chen s.n. May 17, 1985, S. Suzuki 11802, Sasaki s.n. Feb. 9, 1923, Ito s.n. Feb. 15, 1914 (TAIF); Yangmingshan-Tienmu, Wang 3243; Yangmingshan-Peitou, Kuo 2900; Shamaoshan, Simada s.n. Jan. 1, 1919 (TAIF); Tsutzuhu (Tikusiko), Sasaki s.n. Feb. 16, 1930, Simada s.n. Apr. 3, 1931, s.n. Jan. 3, 1914 (TAIF); Tatunshan (Mt. Daiton), Sasaki s.n. Apr. 26, 1931, Y. F. Chen et al. 1072, Simada 4367 (TAIF); Suigenti, S. Suzuki s.n. May 12, 1929, s.n. Jun. 3, 1929; Chihnankung, Hsu 3098; Muchia, Masamune 2875; Toutingli Zoo, Kuo 10096; Chingmeishan, Wang 2730, 3007, Muchi, T. Y. Chiang 300; Tomitocho, Tanaka 13483; Chianchen, Kao 3838; Hsintien, Wang 4139; Pitan, Simizu 2118; Wantan, Simizu 2454; Kankou, Huang 8669; Hsiaokotou-Lutsutan, Hsu 6545; Hsiaokotou-Kankou, Hsu 5210; Kankoutract, Hsu & Kao K3547; Urai, Tang s.n. Apr. 29, 1987, Kudo, Suzuki & Mori 411, S. Suzuki 10132; Jiajouling (Kakiurei), Kawakami & Mori 2667 (TAIF); Shihting, Wang 4343; Kwanyinshan, Simada s.n. Jan. 10, 1915 (TAIF); Peihsinchuang, Ou & Kao 9274; Tansui, Sasaki s.n. Mar. 10, 1923, H. N. Yang 2277, Simada s.n. Mar. 3, 1907 (TAIF), Yamasaki s.n. Jul. 1923 (TAIF); Yehliu, Wang 4217, 4223, 4223b; Ryukeinaisho, collector unknown s.n. Apr. 19, 1902 (Type of Viola taiwaniana, TAIF!); Hsiaokeelung (Syokirun), Sasaki s.n. Mar. 24, 1924; Juifang, Kou & Kao 4506; Keelungshan, Wang 3499, 3502; Tsutaushan, Soma s.n. Feb. 1915 (TAIF). Taoyuan : Jenmei, Kuo 6580; Bokungshan, Mori 2695 (pro parte)(TAIF). Hsinchu : Bankai, T. Suzuki 4661; Sintiku, Simada 1183c; Kwanwu, Wang 4125; Wuchihshan, Kawakami s.n. Apr. 1906 (TAIF). Miaoli : Miaoli, Simada s.n. Mar. 23, 1908 (TAIF). Taichung : Kukuan, Huang 10327, H. C. Chen s.n. Mar. 13, 1986; Chingshan, Wang 2975 (pro parte). Nantou : Musya, Mori s.n. Jan. 9, 1907 (TAIF). Tainan : Tainan, Yasukawa s.n. Oct. 31, 1922 (TAIF). Kaohsiung : Sanpin, Huang 10711; Mt. Bui, Matuda s.n. Mar. 30, 1917 (TAIF), s.n. Dec. 30, 1920 (TAIF). Pingtung : Towarunsya-Santeimon, Matuda s.n. Jul. 8, 1920 (TAIF); Botansya, Kudo & Mori 2439; Kuskus, Kudo & Suzuki 1596, Sasaki s.n. Apr. 1910 (TAIF). Ilan : Tungao, Hsieh et al. s.n. Mar. 14, 1987; Shuanlienpei, Wang 5067; Ilan, S. Suzuki 3600; Heirinbi, Kawakami & Fuji s.n. 1914 (TAIF). Hualien : Batakan-Taroko, Sasaki s.n. Apr. 27, 1917 (TAIF). Taitung : Taito, Kawakami s.n. Apr. 1905 (TAIF); Tsoushishie, Mori s.n. Dec. 6, 1905 (TAIF); Kasyoto, Nakahara s.n. Feb. 1905 (TAIF).

The species in Himalayas, Burma, China, Sumatra, Malay peninsula, Java, the Philippines, the subspecies in Japan and Taiwan.