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167. Achillea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 896. 1753.
蓍属 shi shu
Authors: Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries & Michael G. Gilbert
Millefolium Miller; Ptarmica Miller.
Herbs, perennial, usually rhizomatous; indumentum of basifixed or sometimes submedifixed hairs. Leaves alternate, pinnatilobed to pinnatisect, rarely entire. Synflorescences cymose, usually ± flat-topped panicles, rarely capitula few together or solitary. Capitula relatively small, heterogamous, radiate, rarely homogamous and discoid. Involucres oblong, ovoid, or hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, scarious margins brown- or yellowish white. Receptacle flat to convex, conical or rarely much elongated, paleate. Marginal florets in 1 row, female, fertile; lamina white, pink, red, or yellow, rather short and wide, occasionally absent. Disk florets yellow or pink, bisexual, corolla tubular, apex 5-lobed, ± winged, flattened, basally slightly saccate around achene especially adaxially. Anther bases obtuse, apical appendage lanceolate. Achenes dorsiventrally flattened with 2 lateral ribs. Corona absent.
About 200 species: mostly in Europe and temperate Asia; 11 species (one endemic, one introduced) in China.
Achillea sibirica Ledebour subsp. subcartilaginea Heimerl (Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 48(2): 188. 1884; A. subcartilaginea (Heimerl) Heimerl, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 254. 1938), described from Japan and reported from Shaanxi (Giraldi 2943; Limpricht 2803), may be a form of A. alpina. The taxon was not mentioned in Fl. URSS (26. 1961) or Rast. Tsentral. Azii (14a. 2007).
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| 1 |
Leaves entire, margin serrulate |
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(2) |
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Leaves pinnately to tripinnately divided |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves glabrous; ray floret lamina ca. 7 × 5 mm; paleae yellow villous at apex. |
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4 A. acuminata |
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Leaves densely pubescent, depressed gland-dotted; ray floret lamina 3.2-3.5 × 3-3.8 mm; paleae white villous at apex. |
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5 A. salicifolia |
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| 3 (1) |
Leaves pinnately divided |
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(4) |
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Leaves bipinnately or tripinnately divided |
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(7) |
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| 4 (3) |
Ray floret lamina 4-7 × 4-6 mm; segments or pinnae of leaves minutely spiniform-serrulate or 1- or 2-dentate or lobed |
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(5) |
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Ray floret lamina 0.8-2.5 × 1-3 mm; pinnae of leaves with unequal teeth |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Rhizomes short; leaves pinnatisect; capitula 5-8 or more. |
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6 A. impatiens |
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Rhizomes long and slender; leaves pinnatilobed or pinnatipartite to pinnatisect; capitula 3-5. |
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7 A. ledebourii |
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| 6 (4) |
Involucres subglobose or broadly ovoid, (4-)5-7 mm in diam.; phyllaries with broad brown margin; leaves sparsely gland-dotted or not gland-dotted. |
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8 A. alpina |
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Involucres ovoid, 3.5-4 mm in diam.; phyllaries with narrow yellow or brown margin; leaves densely gland-dotted. |
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9 A. ptarmicoides |
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| 7 (3) |
Leaves 2-pinnatisect, primary segments elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 × 2-4 mm, ultimate segments few, lanceolate, not overlapping |
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(8) |
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Leaves mostly tripinnatisect, lower stem leaf blades very narrow, ultimate segments 1-2(-3) mm, overlapping transversely |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Involucres 4-6 mm in diam. |
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10 A. wilsoniana |
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Involucres 1.5-2(-2.5) mm in diam. |
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11 A. nobilis |
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| 9 (7) |
Rachis 1.5-2 mm wide; ultimate segments of leaves relatively broad, lanceolate, rarely linear,. 3-0.5 mm wide. |
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1 A. millefolium |
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Rachis 0.5-1 mm wide; ultimate segments of leaves relatively narrow, 0.1-0.5 mm wide, filiform-linear or linear to lanceolate |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Ray floret lamina yellowish white, relatively small; involucres narrowly oblong, 4-4.5 × 2-2.5 mm; phyllaries sometimes with brownish narrow margin. |
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2 A. setacea |
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Ray floret lamina pink, rarely turning white, relatively large; involucres oblong, 4-5 × 2.5-3 mm, with conspicuous brown or brownish margin. |
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3 A. asiatica |
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List of lower taxa
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