| 1 |
Suffrutescent herbs or subwoody shrubs, if woody then mostly less than 1.5 tall, with creeping rhizomes, stolons, or tubers. |
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(2) |
| + |
Shrubs or trees, mostly over 1 m, without creeping rhizomes or stolons. |
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(31) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade margin serrate or pectinate-dentate. |
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(3) |
| + |
Leaf blade margin entire, crenate, or undulate. |
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(16) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade margin pectinate-dentate. |
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(4) |
| + |
Leaf blade margin roughly to finely serrate. |
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(10) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade papery, ovate or elliptic, 6-16 cm, base broadly rounded to subcordate, slightly asymmetric. |
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(5) |
| + |
Leaf blade membranous 16-50 cm, base cuneate or truncate, symmetric. |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaf blade bullate adaxially, veins densely villous-tomentose abaxially; inflorescences ca. 3 cm |
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36 Ardisia pubivenula |
| + |
Leaf blade smooth adaxially, veins minutely villous abaxially; inflorescences 5-7 cm |
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37 Ardisia replicata |
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| 6 (4) |
Cataphylls absent; leaf secondary veins perpendicular from midrib to margin. |
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(7) |
| + |
Cataphylls present; leaf secondary veins arcuate, curving distally from midrib to margin. |
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(8) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade oblanceolate, tomentose abaxially along veins, base truncate; petiole 4-6 cm |
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38 Ardisia scalarinervis |
| + |
Leaf blade broadly elliptic, tomentose abaxially throughout, base broadly rounded; petiole (6-)6.5-8.5 cm |
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39 Ardisia pingbienensis |
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| 8 (6) |
Inflorescences racemose panicles; flowers umbellate; branchlets and midrib tomentose with simple, stramineous trichomes |
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42 Ardisia ramondiiformis |
| + |
Inflorescences bipinnate panicles; flowers corymbose; branchlets and midrib tomentose with reddish, elongated, 2-celled capitate trichomes. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Plant subsucculent; leaf blade margin somewhat revolute; inflorescences columnar, not pyramidal |
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40 Ardisia dasyrhizomatica |
| + |
Plant woody; leaf blade margin flat; inflorescences pyramidal |
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41 Ardisia gigantifolia |
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| 10 (3) |
Inflorescences paniculate; petiole winged |
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43 Ardisia balansana |
| + |
Inflorescences umbellate; petiole not winged. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaf blade 15-22 cm |
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44 Ardisia purpureovillosa |
| + |
Leaf blade 2.5-10 cm. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves alternate, base of blade cordate |
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49 Ardisia maclurei |
| + |
Leaves opposite, whorled, or nearly so; base of blade cuneate, obtuse, or rounded. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, puberulent, tomentose, or ciliate; bracts 1-2 mm. |
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(14) |
| + |
Sepals linear- to subulate-lanceolate, villous or pilose; bracts 3-5 mm. |
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(15) |
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| 14 (13) |
Pedicel puberulent, ca. 5 mm; petiole canaliculate, 10-20 mm |
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45 Ardisia ordinata |
| + |
Pedicel strigose, 7-10 mm; petiole not canaliculate, 6-10 mm |
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46 Ardisia japonica |
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| 15 (13) |
Leaf blade elliptic or obovate, 2.5-6 cm; pedicel ca. 6 mm; flowers (3-)4 mm; fruit punctate |
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47 Ardisia pusilla |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate-elliptic or oblanceolate, 5-10 cm; pedicel 7-10 mm; flowers 4-5(-6) mm; fruit not punctate |
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48 Ardisia faberi |
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| 16 (2) |
Leaves and branchlets glandular villous-tomentose or glandular puberulent. |
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(17) |
| + |
Leaves and branchlets glandular papillose, scaly, or glabrous. |
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(22) |
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| 17 (16) |
Shrubs; leaf blade apex subacuminate to long acuminate, margin glabrous. |
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(18) |
| + |
Herbs; leaf blade apex rounded to acute; margin long glandular villous-tomentose. |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaf blade margin crenate; branchlets long glandular villous |
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50 Ardisia villosa |
| + |
Leaf blade margin entire; branchlets reddish glandular puberulent |
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51 Ardisia brevicaulis |
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| 19 (17) |
Petiole 0.2-0.4 cm; sepals glabrous; leaf blade apex rounded. |
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(20) |
| + |
Petiole 2-4 cm; sepals long glandular villous; leaf blade apex acute. |
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(21) |
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| 20 (19) |
Calyx lobe margin glandular ciliate |
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52 Ardisia primulifolia |
| + |
Calyx lobe margin glabrous |
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53 Ardisia omissa |
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| 21 (19) |
Leaf blade base truncate to broadly rounded, adaxial surface hispid |
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54 Ardisia verbascifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade base acute, adaxial surface strigose and mamillate |
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55 Ardisia mamillata |
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| 22 (16) |
Leaf blade 2-6 cm. |
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(23) |
| + |
Leaf blade 6.5-20 cm. |
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(27) |
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| 23 (22) |
Leaf blade margin crenulate. |
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(24) |
| + |
Leaf blade margin minutely serrulate or entire. |
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(25) |
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| 24 (23) |
Leaf blade lanceolate, glossy above; branchlets and petioles densely and minutely reddish glandular papillose |
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56 Ardisia alyxiifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade obovate, dull above; branchlets and petioles reddish brown scaly |
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57 Ardisia chinensis |
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| 25 (23) |
Leaf blade margin entire; branchlets brown scaly apically |
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58 Ardisia fordii |
| + |
Leaf blade margin minutely serrulate; branchlets minutely reddish puberulent. |
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(26) |
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| 26 (25) |
Leaf blade base truncate to subcordate |
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59 Ardisia violacea |
| + |
Leaf blade base cuneate |
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60 Ardisia sinoaustralis |
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| 27 (22) |
Branchlets reddish brown scaly; leaf blade margin without marginal nitrogen-fixing nodules |
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61 Ardisia argenticaulis |
| + |
Branchlets glandular papillate; leaf blade margin with conspicuous black nitrogen fixing nodules. |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Leaf blade apex caudate; branchlets reddish glandular papillose; petiole 0.3-0.6 cm. |
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(29) |
| + |
Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate; branchlets minutely rusty glandular papillose; petiole 0.8-2 cm. |
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(30) |
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| 29 (28) |
Leaf blade membranous, base obtuse to rounded, abaxially glaucous, inconspicuously pellucid punctate, sparsely reddish puberulent |
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62 Ardisia caudata |
| + |
Leaf blade papery, base acutish to attenuate, abaxially dull, densely black punctate, sparsely reddish papillose |
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63 Ardisia pedalis |
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| 30 (28) |
Leaf blade membranous; petals 4-5 mm, apex acute; plants with creeping rhizomes |
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64 Ardisia crispa |
| + |
Leaf blade papery to subleathery; petals 7-8 mm, apex acuminate; plants with tubers |
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65 Ardisia carnosicaulis |
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| 31 (1) |
Inflorescences strictly axillary or axillary and terminal. |
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(32) |
| + |
Inflorescences terminal or subterminal. |
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(42) |
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| 32 (31) |
Branchlets and inflorescence rachis reddish tomentose or puberulent. |
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(33) |
| + |
Branchlets and inflorescence rachis glabrous, minutely red papillate, or sparsely brown scaly. |
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(35) |
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| 33 (32) |
Inflorescences cymose, ca. 1 cm; branchlets reddish puberulent |
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3 Ardisia aberrans |
| + |
Inflorescences paniculate, 7-10 cm; branchlets reddish tomentose. |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Inflorescence branches umbellate, rarely cymose; leaf blade margin entire; petiole 0.3-0.5 cm |
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1 Ardisia nigropilosa |
| + |
Inflorescence branches racemose; leaf blade margin subentire to crenulate; petiole 1.5-2.5 cm |
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2 Ardisia baotingensis |
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| 35 (32) |
Branchlets and inflorescence rachis scaly. |
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(36) |
| + |
Branchlets and inflorescence rachis glabrous or sparsely and minutely red glandular papillate. |
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(38) |
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| 36 (35) |
Leaf blade membranous; perianth membranous |
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6 Ardisia quinquegona |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery; perianth papery. |
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(37) |
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| 37 (36) |
Leaf blade glossy adaxially, apex long acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm; secondary veins numerous, fine; calyx lobes broadly ovate to suborbicular |
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4 Ardisia waitakii |
| + |
Leaf blade dull adaxially, apex acute; secondary veins 14-25 pairs; calyx lobes narrowly triangular |
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5 Ardisia sieboldii |
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| 38 (35) |
Petiole canaliculate; flowers in corymbs or racemes. |
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(39) |
| + |
Petiole marginate; flowers in umbels. |
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(40) |
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| 39 (38) |
Leaf blade elliptic or oblanceolate, conspicuously black punctate-lineate abaxially, not prominently black punctate adaxially |
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10 Ardisia solanacea |
| + |
Leaf blade linear or narrowly lanceolate, black punctate abaxially, prominently black punctate adaxially |
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11 Ardisia filiformis |
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| 40 (38) |
Sepals rugose basally; leaf blade margin revolute |
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7 Ardisia elliptica |
| + |
Sepals smooth or verruculose basally; leaf blade margin flat. |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Sepals verruculose basally, margin hyaline, apex rounded to emarginate; leaf blade base acute; petals glabrous adaxially at base |
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8 Ardisia garrettii |
| + |
Sepals smooth basally, margin opaque, apex broadly acute; leaf blade base cuneate; petals red glandular papillate adaxially at base |
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9 Ardisia brunnescens |
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| 42 (31) |
Leaf blade margin crenulate, serrate, or dentate, if subentire then with large vascularized nodules. |
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(43) |
| + |
Leaf blade margin subentire, undulate, or entire, without vascularized nodules. |
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(54) |
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| 43 (42) |
Branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescence rachis glabrous or rusty scaly. |
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(44) |
| + |
Branchlets and inflorescence rachis sparsely glandular papillose-puberulent and early glabrescent, or strigose. |
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(47) |
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| 44 (43) |
Branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescence rachis rusty scaly; leaf blade membranous or papery, densely black punctate and punctate-lineate or inconspicuously pellucid punctate. |
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(45) |
| + |
Branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescences glabrous; leaf blade leathery, not punctate. |
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(46) |
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| 45 (44) |
Leaf blade membranous, densely and prominently black punctate and punctate-lineate; tertiary veins not conspicuous |
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32 Ardisia shweliensis |
| + |
Leaf blade papery, inconspicuously pellucid punctate; tertiary veins prominently raised abaxially |
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33 Ardisia malipoensis |
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| 46 (44) |
Inflorescences corymbose panicles of umbels; sepals lanceolate; petiole 10-13 mm |
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34 Ardisia hanceana |
| + |
Inflorescences simple or compound umbels; sepals broadly ovate to suborbicular; petiole 0.3-0.5 mm |
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35 Ardisia crassinervosa |
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| 47 (43) |
Inflorescences simple umbels. |
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(48) |
| + |
Inflorescences panicles of corymbs, umbels, or cymes. |
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(50) |
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| 48 (47) |
Leaf blade margin sharply serrate; sepals as wide as or wider than long; petals glabrous within |
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24 Ardisia cornudentata |
| + |
Leaf blade margin undulate, or crenulate, rarely distantly serrulate; sepals longer than wide; petals yellow glandular granulose adaxially at base. |
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(49) |
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| 49 (48) |
Abaxial leaf surface, branchlets, and inflorescence rachis densely and minutely reddish puberulent; sepals papery, margin sparsely glandular ciliolate |
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25 Ardisia lindleyana |
| + |
Abaxial leaf surface glabrous, branchlet and inflorescences rachis minutely reddish glandular papillate, early glabrescent; sepals membranous, margin glabrous |
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26 Ardisia crenata |
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| 50 (47) |
Panicles cymose or compound umbels; leaf blade apex acute or subacuminate. |
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(51) |
| + |
Panicles corymbose; leaf blade apex caudate-acuminate. |
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(52) |
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| 51 (50) |
Leaf blade papery, dull, densely black punctate, sparsely glandular papillate abaxially; inflorescences compound umbels |
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30 Ardisia virens |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, glossy, inconspicuously pellucid punctate, with reddish bifurcate trichomes abaxially; inflorescences compound cymes |
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31 Ardisia alutacea |
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| 52 (50) |
Leaf blade membranous; inflorescences compound corymbs |
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27 Ardisia conspersa |
| + |
Leaf blade subleathery to leathery; inflorescences corymbs of umbels. |
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(53) |
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| 53 (52) |
Perianth membranous, hyaline, essentially epunctate; sepals and petals long attenuate |
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28 Ardisia merrillii |
| + |
Perianth papery, densely black punctate; sepals obtuse, petals acute |
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29 Ardisia corymbifera |
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| 54 (42) |
Inflorescences umbellate, terminal on modified lateral branchlets. |
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(55) |
| + |
Inflorescences pyramidal paniculate, terminal and/or subterminal on main branchlet axis. |
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(60) |
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| 55 (54) |
Leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate; branchlets 1.5-2.5(3.5) mm in diam. |
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(56) |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic, broadly oblanceolate or obovate; branchlets (3.5-) 4-5 mm in diam. |
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(57) |
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| 56 (55) |
Leaf blade leathery, densely and prominently black punctate and punctate-lineate; sepals elliptic |
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22 Ardisia ensifolia |
| + |
Leaf balde papery, inconspicuously red punctate; sepals deltate |
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23 Ardisia hypargyrea |
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| 57 (55) |
Branchlets red puberulent; petiole up to 1 cm, leaf blade leathery or subleathery, dull adaxially, pale abaxially. |
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(58) |
| + |
Branchlets glabrous; petiole 1-4 cm; leaf blade membranous, glossy adaxially. |
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(59) |
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| 58 (57) |
Leaf blade obscurely pellucid punctate; sepals ovate, acute apically, 1.5-2 mm, inconspicuously red punctate medially, margin opaque, erose, densely red glandular ciliate; peduncle 0.5-1.2 cm |
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18 Ardisia porifera |
| + |
Leaf blade prominently black punctate; sepals suborbicular, broadly rounded and notched apically, 4-6 mm, densely black punctate medially, margin hyaline, irregular, with a few translucent glandular cilia; peduncle 1.3-2.5 cm |
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19 Ardisia perreticulata |
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| 59 (57) |
Leaf blade densely and prominently red punctate, margin entire; petiole 1-2 cm |
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20 Ardisia olivacea |
| + |
Leaf blade densely and prominently black punctate and punctate-lineate, margin roughly crenate; petiole 3-4 cm |
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21 Ardisia hokouensis |
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| 60 (54) |
Leaf blade leathery, thin leathery, or cartilaginous; branchlets 5-7 mm in diam. |
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(61) |
| + |
Leaves membranous to papery; branchlets 2-3 mm in diam. |
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(63) |
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| 61 (60) |
Leaf blade thin leathery, smooth; sepals ovate |
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14 Ardisia obtusa |
| + |
Leaf blade cartilaginous or leathery, scrobiculate; sepals lanceolate. |
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(62) |
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| 62 (61) |
Leaf blade cartilaginous; inflorescences and branchlets minutely scaly |
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12 Ardisia densilepidotula |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery; inflorescences and branchlets glabrous |
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13 Ardisia humilis |
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| 63 (60) |
Flowers in corymbs; pedicel erect; inflorescence rachis straight. |
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15 Ardisia thyrsiflora |
| + |
Flowers in umbels; pedicel recurved; inflorescence rachis geniculate. |
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(64) |
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| 64 (63) |
Leaf blade bullate, elliptic to lanceolate; inflorescence rachis and branchlets reddish scaly and glandular papillate |
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16 Ardisia retroflexa |
| + |
Leaf blade smooth, obovate to oblanceolate; inflorescence rachis and branchlets reddish stellate and dendroid tomentose |
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17 Ardisia curvula |
