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1. Buxus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 983. 1753.
黄杨属 huang yang shu
Shrubs or small trees, 0.15-6 m tall, evergreen, monoecious. Young branches tetragonous. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, leathery or thinly leathery, often shining, margin entire, venation pinnate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, spicate, or converted into capitate cluster, bracteate; female flower solitary, apical, male flowers several, basal. Flowers small, unisexual. Male flowers: tepals 4; stamens 4; central pistillode present. Female flowers: tepals 5 or 6; carpels 3; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, free; stigma often decurrent; interstylar nectaries or nectariferous tissue present; ovules 2 per locule, pendent, anatropous, bitegmic, crassinucellar; micropyle formed by inner integument, rudimentary aril. Fruit a dry capsule, globose or ovoid, usually glabrous, loculicidal, splitting into 3 valves; styles persistent. Seeds 2 per locule, oblong; testa black, shining; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons oblong.
About 100 species: Africa, America, Asia, Europe; 17 species (15 endemic) in China.
The following taxa have been described or recorded from Taiwan but are not treated here because we were unable to examine any material: Buxus liukiuensis (Makino) Makino (Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 179. 1902; B. sempervirens Linnaeus var. liukiuensis Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 279. 1895; B. microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini var. liukiuensis (Makino) S. S. Ying). This taxon was recorded from Taiwan by Yang and Lu (Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 3: 666-668. 1993), who erroneously treated it as endemic (the type is from Ishigaki-jima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan) and included in its synonymy B. liukiuensis var. longipedicellata Hatusima (J. Dept. Agric. Kyushu Imp. Univ. 6: 293. 1942), which was described from "Syusyu Nanto" (Shuishe, Nantou), Taiwan. Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zuccarini var. tarokoensis S. Y. Lu & Yuen P. Yang (Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 3: 668. 1993). This taxon was described from an elevation of 1800 m in the Taroko gorge, Hualian, Taiwan.
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| 1 |
Female flowers: style 2-3 × longer than ovary |
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(2) |
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Female flowers: style shorter than, equaling, or slightly longer than ovary |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Inflorescences 1-1.5 cm; bracts many, densely imbricate. |
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1 B. henryi |
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Inflorescences shorter than 1 cm; bracts sparsely arranged |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Lateral veins parallel, obscure. |
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2 B. pubiramea |
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Lateral veins parallel, visible on both surfaces in dried state |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, base usually rounded. |
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3 B. latistyla |
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Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, or oblanceolate |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Some leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 8.5-12 × 3-3.8 cm. |
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4 B. hainanensis |
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Most leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, less than 7 cm, ca. 2 cm in diam |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 3-7 × ca. 1.2 cm; style narrow and elongate at apex, recurved; branchlets sparsely pubescent or glabrescent. |
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5 B. myrica |
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Leaves oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, 2-3.5 × 0.7-1 cm; style shorter and wider at apex, erect; branchlets pubescent. |
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6 B. austroyunnanensis |
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| 7 (1) |
Sterile pistil not exceeding 1/2 of tepal in length (B. linearifolia sterile pistil up to 2/3 of tepal in length) |
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(8) |
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Sterile pistil equaling or exceeding sepals in length (rarely pistil ca. 2/3 of sepals in length, but then leaf not linear) |
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(15) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaves larger, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, (4-)6-8 cm. |
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7 B. megistophylla |
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Leaves small and narrow |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaves ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 3-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm; branchlets pubescent |
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(10) |
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Leaves spatulate, lanceolate, spatulate to linear, or obovate, elliptic, or oblong, less than 3(-4) cm and ca. 1 cm in diam.; branchlets pubescent or glabrous |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaves velutinous on both surfaces or glabrescent, lateral veins obscure; style and ovary equal in length; capsule glabrous. |
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8 B. mollicula |
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Leaves glabrous, lateral veins visible adaxially; style ± shorter than ovary; capsule velutinous. |
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9 B. hebecarpa |
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| 11 (9) |
Leaves elliptic or oblong, lateral veins obscure adaxially, rugulose in dried state. |
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10 B. rugulosa |
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Leaves more varied in shape, lateral veins visible adaxially, not rugulose in dried state |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Branchlets densely pubescent; leaves narrowly obovate, oblong, or elliptic-oblong, 1-2 × 0.4-0.8 cm. |
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11 B. stenophylla |
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Branchlets glabrous or pubescent; leaves narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Ovary hirtellous; male flowers sessile; leaf blade lateral veins and midrib in 45° angles. |
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12 B. cephalantha |
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Ovary glabrous; male flowers pedicellate; leaf blade lateral veins and midrib in 30°-35° angles |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Leaves spatulate or narrowly oblong, 2-3.5(-4) × 0.5-0.8(-0.9) cm; sterile pistil ca. 1/2 of sepal in length. |
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13 B. harlandii |
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Leaves linear, rarely linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 × 0.3-0.5 cm; sterile pistil ca. 2/3 of sepal in length. |
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14 B. linearifolia |
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| 15 (7) |
Leaves spatulate or obovate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.8 cm, midrib and lateral veins distinctly prominent. |
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15 B. bodinieri |
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Leaves many and varied in shape, lateral veins obscure or visible adaxially |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaves oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, 1-1.6 × 0.4-0.6 cm, lateral veins obscure and not rugulose on either surface; male flowers shortly pedicellate. |
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16 B. ichangensis |
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Leaves broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5-3.5 × 0.8-2 cm, lateral veins visible or not and rugulose adaxially; male flowers sessile. |
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17 B. sinica |
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List of lower taxa
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