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79. Canavalia Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 325, 531. 1763.
刀豆属 dao dou shu
Authors: Delin Wu & Mats Thulin
Herbs, annual or perennial. Stems twining, prostrate, or suberect. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules small, wartlike or inconspicuous; stipels present, deciduous. Racemes axillary; bracts and bracteoles minute, deciduous. Flowers purple-violet, rose, or whitish, solitary or 2-6 clustered at swollen nodes. Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped, upper lip larger, truncate or 2-lobed, lower lip small or minute, entire or 3-toothed. Corolla longer than calyx; petals shortly clawed; standard large, suborbicular, reflexed; wings narrow, falcate, sometimes slightly twisted, free; keel broader than wings, incurved, obtuse or beaked, beak inflexed or spirally twisted, shorter than standard. Stamens monadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary shortly stipitate, many ovuled; style incurved, beardless. Legumes large, ligulate or linear-oblong to oblong, compressed or slightly turgid, with prominent rib along ventral suture and extra ribs parallel and close to it, dehiscent by twisting of valves. Seeds 10-15, elliptic or oblong; hilum linear.
About 50 species: distributed in tropical and subtropical regions; five species (two introduced) in China.
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| 1 |
Plants subshrubby, erect or almost so; calyx upper lip subequal to calyx tube; seeds white. |
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1 C. ensiformis |
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Plants twining; calyx upper lip shorter than calyx tube; seeds brown or red |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaflets with acuminate apex; legumes 20-35 × 3.5-6 cm; seeds ca. 3.5 cm. |
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2 C. gladiata |
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Leaflets with acute, truncate, or rounded apex; legumes 6-12 × 2-4.5 cm; seeds 1.3-1.8 cm |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Upper lobes of calyx with apiculate apex. |
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3 C. lineata |
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Upper lobes of calyx without apiculate apex |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaflets with acute or rounded apex, not emarginate; legumes oblong, 7-9 × 3.5-4.5 cm; seeds brown-black, ca. 1.8 cm. |
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4 C. cathartica |
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Leaflets with rounded or truncate apex, often emarginate, rarely acuminate; legumes linear-oblong, 8-12 × 2-2.5 cm; seeds brown, 1.3-1.5 cm. |
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5 C. rosea |
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Lower Taxa
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