1 |
Cupules each with 2 or 3(-7) female flowers at anthesis (occasionally on a given inflorescence a cupule can be found with only 1 flower); mature cupules with (1 or)2 or 3 nuts. |
|
(2) |
+ |
Cupules each with 1 female flower at anthesis (on a given inflorescence occasionally a cupule can be found with up to 3 flowers); mature cupules with 1(-3) nut. |
|
(13) |
|
|
|
|
2 (1) |
Cupule bracts 1-2 cm; leaf blade midvein adaxially slightly raised. |
|
(3) |
+ |
Cupule bracts less than 1 cm (to 1.5 cm in C. lamontii); leaf blade midvein adaxially impressed or flat. |
|
(5) |
|
|
|
|
3 (2) |
First-year branchlets and leaf blades densely pilose; leaf blade secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein |
|
49 Castanopsis tessellata |
+ |
First-year branchlets and leaf blades with scalelike trichomes; leaf blade secondary veins 10-17 on each side of midvein. |
|
(4) |
|
|
|
|
4 (3) |
Leaf blade margin serrate; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein |
|
47 Castanopsis xichouensis |
+ |
Leaf blade margin entire; secondary veins 14-17 on each side of midvein |
|
48 Castanopsis rockii |
|
|
|
|
5 (2) |
First-year branchlets and leaf blades abaxially at least adjacent to midvein pilose or villous. |
|
(6) |
+ |
First-year branchlets and leaf blades glabrous or apex of young branchlets and midvein of young leaf blades abaxially with sparse coarse hairs. |
|
(7) |
|
|
|
|
6 (5) |
Leaf blade 16-30 × 5-8 cm; secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein |
|
50 Castanopsis kweichowensis |
+ |
Leaf blade 10-18 × 2-5 cm; secondary veins 13-17 |
|
51 Castanopsis ceratacantha |
|
|
|
|
7 (5) |
Nuts glabrous or with sparse short hairs only around scar when young |
|
52 Castanopsis fabri |
+ |
Nuts covered with appressed hairs. |
|
(8) |
|
|
|
|
8 (7) |
Leaf blade apex mucronate or caudate. |
|
(9) |
+ |
Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate. |
|
(10) |
|
|
|
|
9 (8) |
Leaf blade apex mucronate; cupule bracts transversely united to discontinuous cristate rings |
|
55 Castanopsis crassifolia |
+ |
Leaf blade apex caudate and bent; cupule bracts in bundles |
|
56 Castanopsis chunii |
|
|
|
|
10 (8) |
Petiole 1.5-3 cm |
|
54 Castanopsis lamontii |
+ |
Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm. |
|
(11) |
|
|
|
|
11 (10) |
First-year leaf blades glabrous |
|
57 Castanopsis orthacantha |
+ |
First-year leaf blades abaxially covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown slightly loose waxy scalelike trichomes. |
|
(12) |
|
|
|
|
12 (11) |
Leaf blade secondary veins 13-19 on each side of midvein |
|
53 Castanopsis wattii |
+ |
Leaf blade secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein |
|
58 Castanopsis platyacantha |
|
|
|
|
13 (1) |
Cupule bracts scalelike or only bract base transversely adnate to rib rings; nuts maturing and falling in 1st year but empty cupules persisting on rachis; shoot leaves spirally arranged (distichous in C. uraiana). |
|
(14) |
+ |
Cupule bracts spiny or rarely tubercular; nuts maturing and falling in 2nd year, cupules falling with nut; shoot leaves usually distichous. |
|
(19) |
|
|
|
|
14 (13) |
Cotyledons cerebriform rugose; young leaf blades glaucous, covered with brown to reddish brown waxy scalelike trichomes. |
|
(15) |
+ |
Cotyledons plano-convex; young leaf blades not glaucous, without or only abaxially with ± adherent waxy scalelike trichomes. |
|
(17) |
|
|
|
|
15 (14) |
Base of cupules shortly stipitate; branchlets pubescent |
|
3 Castanopsis cerebrina |
+ |
Base of cupules sessile; branchlets glabrous. |
|
(16) |
|
|
|
|
16 (15) |
Cupules cupular, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut; nut 0.3-0.6 cm in diam. |
|
1 Castanopsis calathiformis |
+ |
Cupules ellipsoid to ovoid, completely or almost completely enclosing nut; nut 1.1-1.6 cm in diam. |
|
2 Castanopsis fissa |
|
|
|
|
17 (14) |
Cupules globose to subglobose, completely or almost completely enclosing nut; nut scar 7-9 mm in diam. |
|
6 Castanopsis sclerophylla |
+ |
Cupules shallowly cupular, rarely enclosing more than 1/4-1/3 of nut; nut scar 4-6 mm in diam. |
|
(18) |
|
|
|
|
18 (17) |
Leaf blade base inaequilateral; fruit maturing on previous year's branches |
|
4 Castanopsis uraiana |
+ |
Leaf blade base attenuate; fruit maturing on current year's branches |
|
5 Castanopsis longzhouica |
|
|
|
|
19 (13) |
Cupule outside wall completely covered by spinelike bracts. |
|
(20) |
|
|
|
|
20 (19) |
Leaf blade margin serrate. |
|
(21) |
+ |
Leaf blade margin entire or rarely a few leaves shallowly serrate toward leaf blade apex. |
|
(26) |
|
|
|
|
21 (20) |
First-year branchlets, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
|
(22) |
+ |
First-year branchlets, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially puberulent. |
|
(24) |
|
|
|
|
22 (21) |
Leaf blade margin shallowly serrate from middle to apex; secondary veins usually not reaching margin; petiole rarely longer than 1 cm |
|
8 Castanopsis hystrix |
+ |
Leaf blade margin serrate from near base to apex; secondary veins reaching margin; petiole 1-3 cm. |
|
(23) |
|
|
|
|
23 (22) |
Leaf blade usually narrower than 5 cm; young leaf blades abaxially covered with sometimes early glabrescent brownish powdery waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules 2.5-4 cm in diam. |
|
17 Castanopsis choboensis |
+ |
Leaf blade 5-10 cm wide; young leaf blades abaxially thinly covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules 6-8 cm in diam. |
|
13 Castanopsis tibetana |
|
|
|
|
24 (21) |
Transverse section of cupule bracts triangular or trapeziform |
|
16 Castanopsis clarkei |
+ |
Transverse section of cupule bracts circular. |
|
(25) |
|
|
|
|
25 (24) |
Leaf blade secondary veins 15-25 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins abaxially conspicuous; petiole usually less than 1 cm |
|
14 Castanopsis indica |
+ |
Leaf blade secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins abaxially very slender and evident to inconspicuous; petiole 1-1.8 cm |
|
15 Castanopsis hainanensis |
|
|
|
|
26 (20) |
Branches and leaf blades glabrous or leaves abaxially with membranous scalelike trichomes. |
|
(27) |
+ |
Branches and leaf blades hairy (at least on 1st-year branchlets and abaxial midvein) or leaf blades abaxially covered with waxy scalelike trichomes. |
|
(28) |
|
|
|
|
27 (26) |
Cupules 6-8 cm in diam., wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts 2-3 cm; nuts oblate, puberulent, scar covering 1/3 of nut |
|
7 Castanopsis kawakamii |
+ |
Cupules 2-3 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts 0.4-1 cm; nuts broadly conical, glabrous, scar covering only basal part of nut |
|
34 Castanopsis eyrei |
|
|
|
|
28 (26) |
Leaf blade base cordate, shallowly auriculate, or rarely rounded; petiole 1-3(-5) mm |
|
12 Castanopsis fordii |
+ |
Leaf blade base not cordate or auriculate but may be rounded; petiole (4-)8-20 mm. |
|
(29) |
|
|
|
|
29 (28) |
Leaf blade 4-10 cm. |
|
(30) |
+ |
Leaf blade 10-25 cm. |
|
(31) |
|
|
|
|
30 (29) |
Infructescences ca. 15 cm; cupules 2.5-4 cm in diam., bracts 0.6-1 cm |
|
8 Castanopsis hystrix |
+ |
Infructescences 4-8 cm; cupules 5-6 cm in diam., bracts 1-2 cm |
|
9 Castanopsis concinna |
|
|
|
|
31 (29) |
Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade 15-25 cm, midvein adaxially usually impressed, secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein; nuts oblate, 1.5-2 cm in diam., scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut |
|
10 Castanopsis mekongensis |
+ |
Petiole 0.8-1 cm; leaf blade 10-15 cm, midvein adaxially raised, secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; nuts broadly conical, 2-3.5 cm in diam., scar covering only basal part of nut |
|
11 Castanopsis globigemmata |