All Floras      Advanced Search
FOC Vol. 4 Page 317 Login | eFloras Home | Help
FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 4 | Fagaceae

3. Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 11: 142, 185. 1841.
[nom. cons.]

锥栗属 zhui shu

Quercus Linnaeus [unranked] Castanopsis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 56. 1825; Limlia Masamune & Tomiya; Pasaniopsis Kudo; Shiia Makino.

Trees evergreen. Winter buds ovoid to ellipsoid, with decussate scales. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves alternate, distichous, or for a few species spirally arranged. Inflorescences usually unisexual, erect, spicate or paniculate. Male flowers in fascicles of 3-7, rarely solitary and scattered; perianth 5- or 6(-8)-lobed; stamens (8 or)9-12; rudimentary pistil very small, densely covered with curved woolly hairs. Female flowers solitary or in clusters of 3-5(-7) per cupule; staminodes when present opposite perianth lobes; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or)3(or 4); stigmas punctiform or shallow terminal pores. Cupules solitary on rachis, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, rarely indehiscent, completely or partially enclosing nut; bracts sparsely to densely covering outside of cupule, spinelike or rarely scalelike or tubercles (cupule measurement always includes bracts). Nuts 1-3 per cupule, maturing after 2nd year or rarely in 1st year; abortive ovule apical. Germination hypogeal; cotyledons slightly convex, rarely cerebriform rugose.

About 120 species: tropical and subtropical Asia; 58 species (30 endemic) in China.

Most species are used for timber, and the nuts of many are edible.


1 Cupules each with 2 or 3(-7) female flowers at anthesis (occasionally on a given inflorescence a cupule can be found with only 1 flower); mature cupules with (1 or)2 or 3 nuts.   (2)
+ Cupules each with 1 female flower at anthesis (on a given inflorescence occasionally a cupule can be found with up to 3 flowers); mature cupules with 1(-3) nut.   (13)
       
2 (1) Cupule bracts 1-2 cm; leaf blade midvein adaxially slightly raised.   (3)
+ Cupule bracts less than 1 cm (to 1.5 cm in C. lamontii); leaf blade midvein adaxially impressed or flat.   (5)
       
3 (2) First-year branchlets and leaf blades densely pilose; leaf blade secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein   49 Castanopsis tessellata
+ First-year branchlets and leaf blades with scalelike trichomes; leaf blade secondary veins 10-17 on each side of midvein.   (4)
       
4 (3) Leaf blade margin serrate; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein   47 Castanopsis xichouensis
+ Leaf blade margin entire; secondary veins 14-17 on each side of midvein   48 Castanopsis rockii
       
5 (2) First-year branchlets and leaf blades abaxially at least adjacent to midvein pilose or villous.   (6)
+ First-year branchlets and leaf blades glabrous or apex of young branchlets and midvein of young leaf blades abaxially with sparse coarse hairs.   (7)
       
6 (5) Leaf blade 16-30 × 5-8 cm; secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein   50 Castanopsis kweichowensis
+ Leaf blade 10-18 × 2-5 cm; secondary veins 13-17   51 Castanopsis ceratacantha
       
7 (5) Nuts glabrous or with sparse short hairs only around scar when young   52 Castanopsis fabri
+ Nuts covered with appressed hairs.   (8)
       
8 (7) Leaf blade apex mucronate or caudate.   (9)
+ Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate.   (10)
       
9 (8) Leaf blade apex mucronate; cupule bracts transversely united to discontinuous cristate rings   55 Castanopsis crassifolia
+ Leaf blade apex caudate and bent; cupule bracts in bundles   56 Castanopsis chunii
       
10 (8) Petiole 1.5-3 cm   54 Castanopsis lamontii
+ Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm.   (11)
       
11 (10) First-year leaf blades glabrous   57 Castanopsis orthacantha
+ First-year leaf blades abaxially covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown slightly loose waxy scalelike trichomes.   (12)
       
12 (11) Leaf blade secondary veins 13-19 on each side of midvein   53 Castanopsis wattii
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein   58 Castanopsis platyacantha
       
13 (1) Cupule bracts scalelike or only bract base transversely adnate to rib rings; nuts maturing and falling in 1st year but empty cupules persisting on rachis; shoot leaves spirally arranged (distichous in C. uraiana).   (14)
+ Cupule bracts spiny or rarely tubercular; nuts maturing and falling in 2nd year, cupules falling with nut; shoot leaves usually distichous.   (19)
       
14 (13) Cotyledons cerebriform rugose; young leaf blades glaucous, covered with brown to reddish brown waxy scalelike trichomes.   (15)
+ Cotyledons plano-convex; young leaf blades not glaucous, without or only abaxially with ± adherent waxy scalelike trichomes.   (17)
       
15 (14) Base of cupules shortly stipitate; branchlets pubescent   3 Castanopsis cerebrina
+ Base of cupules sessile; branchlets glabrous.   (16)
       
16 (15) Cupules cupular, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut; nut 0.3-0.6 cm in diam.   1 Castanopsis calathiformis
+ Cupules ellipsoid to ovoid, completely or almost completely enclosing nut; nut 1.1-1.6 cm in diam.   2 Castanopsis fissa
       
17 (14) Cupules globose to subglobose, completely or almost completely enclosing nut; nut scar 7-9 mm in diam.   6 Castanopsis sclerophylla
+ Cupules shallowly cupular, rarely enclosing more than 1/4-1/3 of nut; nut scar 4-6 mm in diam.   (18)
       
18 (17) Leaf blade base inaequilateral; fruit maturing on previous year's branches   4 Castanopsis uraiana
+ Leaf blade base attenuate; fruit maturing on current year's branches   5 Castanopsis longzhouica
       
19 (13) Cupule outside wall completely covered by spinelike bracts.   (20)
       
20 (19) Leaf blade margin serrate.   (21)
+ Leaf blade margin entire or rarely a few leaves shallowly serrate toward leaf blade apex.   (26)
       
21 (20) First-year branchlets, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent.   (22)
+ First-year branchlets, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially puberulent.   (24)
       
22 (21) Leaf blade margin shallowly serrate from middle to apex; secondary veins usually not reaching margin; petiole rarely longer than 1 cm   8 Castanopsis hystrix
+ Leaf blade margin serrate from near base to apex; secondary veins reaching margin; petiole 1-3 cm.   (23)
       
23 (22) Leaf blade usually narrower than 5 cm; young leaf blades abaxially covered with sometimes early glabrescent brownish powdery waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules 2.5-4 cm in diam.   17 Castanopsis choboensis
+ Leaf blade 5-10 cm wide; young leaf blades abaxially thinly covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules 6-8 cm in diam.   13 Castanopsis tibetana
       
24 (21) Transverse section of cupule bracts triangular or trapeziform   16 Castanopsis clarkei
+ Transverse section of cupule bracts circular.   (25)
       
25 (24) Leaf blade secondary veins 15-25 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins abaxially conspicuous; petiole usually less than 1 cm   14 Castanopsis indica
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins abaxially very slender and evident to inconspicuous; petiole 1-1.8 cm   15 Castanopsis hainanensis
       
26 (20) Branches and leaf blades glabrous or leaves abaxially with membranous scalelike trichomes.   (27)
+ Branches and leaf blades hairy (at least on 1st-year branchlets and abaxial midvein) or leaf blades abaxially covered with waxy scalelike trichomes.   (28)
       
27 (26) Cupules 6-8 cm in diam., wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts 2-3 cm; nuts oblate, puberulent, scar covering 1/3 of nut   7 Castanopsis kawakamii
+ Cupules 2-3 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts 0.4-1 cm; nuts broadly conical, glabrous, scar covering only basal part of nut   34 Castanopsis eyrei
       
28 (26) Leaf blade base cordate, shallowly auriculate, or rarely rounded; petiole 1-3(-5) mm   12 Castanopsis fordii
+ Leaf blade base not cordate or auriculate but may be rounded; petiole (4-)8-20 mm.   (29)
       
29 (28) Leaf blade 4-10 cm.   (30)
+ Leaf blade 10-25 cm.   (31)
       
30 (29) Infructescences ca. 15 cm; cupules 2.5-4 cm in diam., bracts 0.6-1 cm   8 Castanopsis hystrix
+ Infructescences 4-8 cm; cupules 5-6 cm in diam., bracts 1-2 cm   9 Castanopsis concinna
       
31 (29) Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade 15-25 cm, midvein adaxially usually impressed, secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein; nuts oblate, 1.5-2 cm in diam., scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut   10 Castanopsis mekongensis
+ Petiole 0.8-1 cm; leaf blade 10-15 cm, midvein adaxially raised, secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; nuts broadly conical, 2-3.5 cm in diam., scar covering only basal part of nut   11 Castanopsis globigemmata

  • List of lower taxa


     

    Related Objects  
  • PDF File
  • PDF

  • Flora of China @ efloras.org
    Browse by
    Volume
    Family
    Genera
    Advanced Search


    Flora of China Home


    Checklist

     

     

     |  eFlora Home |  People Search  |  Help  |  ActKey  |  Hu Cards  |  Glossary  |