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4. Cissus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 117. 1753.
白粉藤属 bai fen teng shu
Authors: Hui Ren & Jun Wen
Lianas, woody or subwoody, hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious. Tendrils unbranched or bifurcate, sometimes racemosely branched. Leaves simple or palmately compound. Inflorescence a compound dichasium or an umbel, leaf-opposed. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx cupular, glabrous. Petals falling off separately. Stamens 4. Disk well developed, margin undulate or slightly 4-lobed. Style conspicuous; stigma undivided or 2-divided. Berry obovoid or ellipsoid, 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds obovoid-elliptic or elliptic, base rostrate, apex rounded, chalazal knot at or near base; cross-section of endosperm M-shaped.
About 350 species: mainly in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, Central and South America, and North America (Mexico); 15 species (two endemic) in China.
Cissus umbellata Loureiro (Fl. Cochinch. 1: 84. 1790) is the basionym of Strychnos umbellata (Loureiro) Merrill in the Loganiaceae (see Fl. China 15: 326. 1996).
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| 1 |
Leaves palmately 5-foliolate. |
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7 C. elongata |
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Leaves simple |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Branchlets with 4-6 winglike ridges or narrow wings |
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(3) |
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Branchlets terete or slightly 4-ridged |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Branchlets with 6 winglike ridges, tendrils unbranched. |
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2 C. hexangularis |
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Branchlets with 4 ridges or narrow wings, tendrils bifurcate. |
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9 C. pteroclada |
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| 4 (2) |
Leaf margin 5-12-toothed on each side |
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(5) |
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Leaf margin 15-44-toothed on each side |
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(7) |
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| 5 (4) |
Tendrils unbranched; leaves oblong or triangular-oblong, base truncate; inflorescence a compound dichasium; seed surface smooth. |
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1 C. subtetragona |
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Tendrils bifurcate; leaves triangular or cordate-oval, base cordate; inflorescence an umbel; seed surface with sparse raised ridges |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Branchlets terete; leaves cordate-oval. |
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3 C. repens |
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Branchlets slightly 4-ridged; leaves hastate. |
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4 C. luzoniensis |
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| 7 (4) |
Tendrils unbranched; leaves undivided or mixed with those 3-5-divided; inflorescence a compound dichasium; seed surface smooth |
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(8) |
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Tendrils 2- or 3- or racemosely branched; leaves undivided; inflorescence an umbel; seed surface with sparse ridges |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaves with 3-5 shallow lobes or undivided. |
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5 C. kerrii |
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Leaves mostly with 3-5 deep lobes or mixed with undivided ones. |
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6 C. triloba |
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| 9 (7) |
Tendrils racemosely branched; both leaf surfaces of same color when dry, margin undulate, fine teeth on curves of wavy margin; seed surface without conspicuous ridges. |
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8 C. repanda |
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Tendrils 2- or 3-branched; both leaf surfaces of different colors when dry, margin serrate, teeth at ends of veins; seed surface with conspicuous ridges |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaves hastate or ovate-hastate, length more than 2 × width; seed surface with obtuse ridges. |
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10 C. javana |
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Leaves oval or broadly cordate-ovate, length less than 2 × width; seed surface with sharp ridges |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaves glabrous. |
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11 C. wenshanensis |
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Leaves ± pubescent |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves abaxially densely brown floccose, or only veins with appressed hairs |
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(13) |
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Abaxial leaf surface or midvein ± villous with T-shaped hairs |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Ovary glabrous. |
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12 C. austroyunnanensis |
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Ovary ± pubescent. |
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13 C. adnata |
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| 14 (12) |
Midvein on abaxial leaf surface ± villous with T-shaped hairs; petals glabrous. |
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14 C. assamica |
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Leaves abaxially densely villous with T-shaped hairs; petals pubescent. |
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15 C. aristata |
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List of lower taxa
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