| 1 |
Stigma deeply 4-lobed (rarely shallowly so in E. blinii) |
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(2) |
| + |
Stigma entire or shallowly emarginate |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Stems (18-)30-120(-250) cm tall, with long spreading and short erect glandular hairs; leaves 3-12 cm, subacute to acuminate, with (15-)20-60 teeth per side; seeds 0.8-1.2 mm, coarsely papillose |
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(3) |
| + |
Stems 3-25(-45) cm tall, strigillose; leaves 0.8-3 cm, obtuse, with 3-7 indistinct teeth per side; seeds 1.2-1.8 mm, finely papillose or reticulate |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaves clasping; petals (7-)10-20 mm; stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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1 E. hirsutum |
| + |
Leaves subsessile but not clasping; petals 5-8 mm; stigma surrounded by anthers of longer stamens at anthesis. |
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2 E. parviflorum |
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| 4 (2) |
Loosely matted herb, stems 3-18 cm tall, branched; leaf petioles 1-3 mm; petals 1.6-3.1 cm; fruiting pedicels 4-7 mm; seeds reticulate; Taiwan. |
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4 E. nankotaizanense |
| + |
Ascending or erect herb, stems 10-25(-45) cm tall, usually simple; leaves subsessile; petals 1-1.5 cm; fruiting pedicels 15-35 mm; seeds finely papillose; SW China. |
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3 E. blinii |
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| 5 (1) |
Stems pubescent throughout, either lacking raised pubescent lines decurrent from margins of petioles, or lines inconspicuous |
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(6) |
| + |
Stems subglabrous below inflorescence except for 2 or 4 raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petiole |
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(17) |
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| 6 (5) |
Plants forming short basal shoots (soboles), often clumped; stems occasionally with persistent basal scales |
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(7) |
| + |
Plants with basal rosettes, turions, or stolons, not basal shoots, rarely clumped; stems often with persistent basal scales |
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(13) |
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| 7 (6) |
Inflorescence variously pubescent, but without glandular hairs |
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(8) |
| + |
Inflorescence variously pubescent, but always with glandular hairs, especially on inflorescence |
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(10) |
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| 8 (7) |
Ovary white canescent; seeds with conspicuous chalazal collar; leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2-7 cm. |
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29 E. minutiflorum |
| + |
Ovary strigillose, not white canescent; seeds with inconspicuous chalazal collar; leaves sublinear to elliptic or lanceolate, 1-4.5 cm |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Plants erect, loosely clumped or not clumped; stems mostly well-branched throughout; leaves 1-4.5 cm, linear to narrowly lanceolate. |
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10 E. platystigmatosum |
| + |
Plants ascending, forming distinct clumps or mats; stems simple or branched only from base; leaves 1-2 cm, elliptic to lanceolate. |
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11 E. hohuanense |
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| 10 (7) |
Mid-cauline and upper leaves with distinct petioles 2-7 mm, and with narrowly cuneate bases. |
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13 E. royleanum |
| + |
Mid-cauline and upper leaves subsessile or with petioles to 2 mm, and with subcordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate bases |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaves subentire, lanceolate-elliptic, seed coma tawny. |
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28 E. fastigiatoramosum |
| + |
Leaves denticulate, ovate to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; seed coma white or dingy |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Petals 3-4.3(-5) mm; ovary white canescent; seeds with conspicuous chalazal collar. |
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29 E. minutiflorum |
| + |
Petals 7-11 mm; ovary pubescent but not white canescent; seeds with inconspicuous chalazal collar. |
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16 E. brevifolium |
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| 13 (6) |
Plants throughout densely appressed tomentose; plants with leafy rosettes; petals 8-16 mm. |
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15 E. pannosum |
| + |
Plants strigillose, villous, and/or glandular pubescent, but not tomentose; plants forming stolons or turions, not leafy rosettes; petals 4-8 mm (except to 15 mm in E. kermodei) |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Plants forming fleshy turions, leaving dense leathery basal scales; fruiting pedicels 5-10 mm; plants 7-25 cm tall; Taiwan. |
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12 E. taiwanianum |
| + |
Plants forming stolons, usually with few or no basal scales; fruiting pedicels 7-50 mm; plants 25-120 cm tall (except E. palustre, (5-)15-70 cm tall); widespread, but not in Taiwan |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Plants forming thick, ropelike stolons with fleshy terminal buds; capsules 7-11 cm; seeds 0.8-1.2 mm. |
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14 E. kermodei |
| + |
Plants forming filiform, threadlike stolons, sometimes with terminal buds; capsules 3-9 cm; seeds 1.3-2.2 mm |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaves sublinear to narrowly lanceolate, subentire to obscurely denticulate; stolons with fleshy terminal turions; fruiting pedicels 1-5 cm; seed comas dingy white. |
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27 E. palustre |
| + |
Leaves ovate or broadly oblong to lanceolate, sharply serrulate; stolons without terminal turions; fruiting pedicels 0.7-1.5 cm; seed comas reddish. |
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17 E. pyrricholophum |
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| 17 (5) |
Inflorescence glabrous or rarely with scattered hairs on ovary and sepals |
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(18) |
| + |
Inflorescence moderately to densely pubescent |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Plants low, mat-forming; stems 3-20 cm tall; leaves 0.8-2.5 cm; petals 2.5-6.5 mm; capsules 1.7-3.6 cm. |
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33 E. anagallidifolium |
| + |
Plants erect, clumped; stems (5-)10-25(-60) cm tall; leaves (0.8-)1.5-7.5 cm; petals 7-14 mm; capsules 5-9 cm. |
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22 E. sikkimense |
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| 19 (17) |
Inflorescence strigillose and/or villous, but lacking short, erect glandular hairs |
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(20) |
| + |
Inflorescence variously pubescent, always with some short, erect glandular hairs |
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(26) |
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| 20 (19) |
Leaves subsessile (lower ones often with petioles to 2 mm) |
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(21) |
| + |
Leaves with distinct petioles 2-11 mm |
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(23) |
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| 21 (20) |
Stems 10-50 cm tall, erect; leaves 3.4-6 cm; seeds papillose. |
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5 E. roseum |
| + |
Stems 7-25 cm tall, ascending; leaves 1-2.5 cm; seeds reticulate |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaves 1.1-1.6 cm; capsules 3.5-4 cm, pedicels 6-7 mm; seeds 0.8-0.9 mm; SW China. |
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31 E. clarkeanum |
| + |
Leaves 1.5-2.5 cm; capsules 4.5-5 cm, pedicels 15-20 mm; seeds 1-1.1 cm; Taiwan. |
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32 E. pengii |
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| 23 (20) |
Leaves narrowly spatulate to rarely broader, with prominent pale abaxial midvein, often crowded and spirally arranged on mid-stem; petioles 2-11 mm; fruiting pedicels 1.3-4 cm. |
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9 E. sinense |
| + |
Leaves sublinear to narrowly ovate, without pale midvein, always opposite below inflorescence; petioles 2-7(-10) mm; fruiting pedicels 0.5-3 cm |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Leaves narrowly lanceolate to sublinear; petioles 3-7(-10) mm; seeds 0.8-1 mm, papillose. |
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7 E. cylindricum |
| + |
Leaves lanceolate to narrowly ovate; petioles 2-5 mm; seeds 1-1.3 mm, reticulate or papillose |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Plants well-branched, not much clumped; petals 5-8 mm; stigma capitate to broadly clavate; seeds reticulate; Himalayas and SW China. |
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8 E. tibetanum |
| + |
Plants mostly simple, forming clumps; petals 5.5-6.5 mm; stigma clavate or rarely subcapitate; seeds coarsely papillose; W China (Tian Shan). |
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6 E. tianschanicum |
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| 26 (19) |
Plants forming fleshy turions at or below ground level; stem bases with thick, brown, leathery scales |
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(27) |
| + |
Plants forming soboles, stolons, or rosettes, but not fleshy turions; stem bases with rather loose, ± herbaceous scales, or scales absent |
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(31) |
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| 27 (26) |
Leaves elliptic or oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, with mostly cuneate bases and distinct petioles (1-)2-15 mm |
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(28) |
| + |
Leaves ovate to lanceolate, with ± rounded bases and obscure petioles to 3 mm (except in E. laxum with petioles 2-8 mm on lower leaves) |
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(29) |
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| 28 (27) |
Petioles 3-10(-15) mm; stigma broadly clavate to subcapitate; seeds 1-1.2 × 0.45-0.55 mm, obovoid; Xinjiang. |
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5 E. roseum |
| + |
Petioles 1-4(-6) mm; stigma capitate; seeds 1.1-1.4 × 0.3-0.45 mm, narrowly obovoid; SW China. |
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26 E. fangii |
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| 29 (27) |
Petals 4.5-5.5 mm; stigma clavate to subcapitate; seeds 0.9-1 mm. |
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25 E. gouldii |
| + |
Petals 5.5-16 mm; stigma capitate or nearly so; seeds 1.1-1.5 mm |
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(30) |
| |
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| 30 (29) |
Leaves 2-7 × 1.2-2.6 cm, ovate to narrowly ovate, crowded, usually longer than internodes; petals (7-)10-16 mm; fruiting pedicels 1-7(-10) mm; W Himalayas and Tian Shan |
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21 E. laxum |
| + |
Leaves 1.5-5.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, not crowded, usually shorter than internodes; petals 5.5-11 mm; fruiting pedicels 4-12 mm; SW China. |
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24 E. subcoriaceum |
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| 31 (26) |
Plants forming leafy rosettes; seed surface with conspicuous longitudinal ridges of flattened fused papillae; NE China. |
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30 E. ciliatum |
| + |
Plants forming soboles or stolons; seed surface papillose or reticulate, without longitudinal ridges |
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(32) |
| |
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| 32 (31) |
Stems ascending, forming clumps or mats; leaves subentire to scarcely denticulate; capsules 1.7-3.6 cm; pedicels 1-3.5(-5) cm; seeds reticulate. |
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33 E. anagallidifolium |
| + |
Stems mostly erect, loosely or not clumped; leaves denticulate or serrulate; capsules (1.5-)3.5-11 cm; pedicels 0.3-2.5 cm; seeds papillose |
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(33) |
| |
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| 33 (32) |
Plants forming thick ropelike stolons 1-12 cm with fleshy terminal bud; robust stems 40-120(-200) cm tall; capsules 7-11 cm. |
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14 E. kermodei |
| + |
Plants forming soboles, not stolons; stems 4-80(-150) cm, mostly less than 50 cm; capsules 1.5-7.5 cm (rarely to 9 cm in E. sikkimense) |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Stem bases with crowded brown scales; stems 5-25(-60) cm tall |
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(35) |
| + |
Stem bases without scales; stems (10-)20-150 cm tall, mostly more than 25 cm tall (except E. kingdonii, with stems 8-25 cm tall) |
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(36) |
| |
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| 35 (34) |
Stems mostly erect; leaves (0.8-)1.5-7.5 cm; petals 7-14 mm; capsules 5-9 cm; pedicels 0.6-2(-2.5) cm. |
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22 E. sikkimense |
| + |
Stems mostly ascending; leaves 0.7-2.2 cm; petals 5-6.5 mm; capsules 3.5-5(-6) cm; pedicels 0.4-1 cm. |
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23 E. williamsii |
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| 36 (34) |
Plants 8-25 cm tall, ascending; floral tube with sparse, even pubescence; seeds 1.4-1.6 mm, very finely papillose. |
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19 E. kingdonii |
| + |
Plants (10-)20-150 cm tall, erect; floral tube usually with tufts of hairs on costae and at insertion of sepals at mouth of floral tube; seeds 0.8-1 mm, coarsely papillose |
|
(37) |
| |
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| 37 (36) |
Stems 15-80 cm tall, somewhat 4-angled, with (2 or)4 raised strigillose lines on internodes; leaves oblong, oblong-ovate, or elliptic, apex obtuse or rarely acute; petals 5.5-13 mm; fruiting pedicels 1-2.5 cm. |
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20 E. wallichianum |
| + |
Stems (10-)20-150 cm tall, subterete, with 2 raised strigillose lines on internodes; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate; petals 4.5-8 mm; fruiting pedicels 0.3-1.3 cm. |
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18 E. amurense |
