| 1 |
Umbels several fascicled in axils and stem tip; peduncles shorter than the petioles, densely pubescent; flowers and fruit sessile. |
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1 Hydrocotyle nepalensis |
| + |
Umbels solitary in axils, sometimes several at stem tip; peduncles shorter than or exceeding the petioles, glabrous or pubescent; flowers and fruit sessile or pedicellate. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade 0.5–1.5(–2.5) × 0.8–2(–5) cm; umbels sessile or peduncle distinctly shorter than petiole. |
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(3) |
| + |
Leaf blade 1–8 × 2–11 cm; peduncle longer or about equaling the petiole. |
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(7) |
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| 3 (2) |
Axillary umbels sessile, apical umbels often with peduncles to 1 cm; fruit with white hairs or
glabrous. |
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2 Hydrocotyle pseudoconferta |
| + |
All umbels pedunculate, peduncle 0.5–3.5 cm; fruit glabrous. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Petiole glabrous or distally sparsely pubescent. |
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(5) |
| + |
Petiole densely pubescent or hirsutulous throughout. |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Umbels solitary in axils, 5–18-flowered. |
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3 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides |
| + |
Umbels 2 or 3 in axils, 2–5-flowered. |
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4 Hydrocotyle calcicola |
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| 6 (4) |
Petiole 3–15 cm, pubescent; leaf blade 3(–5)-parted, segments 3-lobed (Taiwan). |
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5 Hydrocotyle benguetensis |
| + |
Petiole 0.5–3 cm, densely hirsutulous; leaf blade shallowly 5–7-lobed or nearly entire, lobes inconspicuously crenulate (Taiwan). |
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6 Hydrocotyle dichondroides |
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| 7 (2) |
Umbels not densely capitate in fruit; pedicels elongate, 2.5–8 mm. |
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(8) |
| + |
Umbels densely capitate in fruit; pedicels to 2 mm. |
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(11) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaf blade shallowly to moderately (to near middle) 5–7-lobed. |
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(9) |
| + |
Leaf blade 5–7-divided, usually parted to middle or near base. |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Stems, petioles and peduncles glabrous or moderately hairy with white or brown hairs; leaves
angular in outline, with 5 to 7 deep, usually triangular lobes. |
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8 Hydrocotyle hookeri |
| + |
Stems, petioles and peduncles densely dark purple-brown hairy; leaves round in outline, with
many very shallow, rounded lobes. |
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12 Hydrocotyle himalaica |
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| 10 (8) |
Leaf blade parted to near base; segments cuneate at base. |
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7 Hydrocotyle dielsiana |
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Leaf blade parted to 1/2–3/5; lobe base as broad as the middle. |
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9 Hydrocotyle wilsonii |
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| 11 (7) |
Stems, petioles and peduncles moderately to densely hairy with purple-brown hairs; leaves shallowly lobed or cleft to middle, lobes deltoid, apex acute. |
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13 Hydrocotyle salwinica |
| + |
Stems, petioles and peduncles essentially glabrous, occasionally hairy at nodes or near distal ends;
leaves very shallowly 5–7-lobed, lobes rounded-obtuse. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Petioles short, 0.8–2.5 cm; leaf blade small, 0.7–1.3 × 0.8–1.6 cm, adaxially setulose, abaxially pubescent or hispid. |
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14 Hydrocotyle setulosa |
| + |
Petioles (1–)15–19 cm; leaf blade larger, 1.5–3.5 × 2–7 cm, glabrous on both surfaces or
sparsely hirsute along veins. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially sparsely hirsute on veins; peduncles equaling or slightly longer than the petioles. |
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10 Hydrocotyle wilfordii |
| + |
Leaf blade sparsely hirsute on both surfaces; peduncles 1–2 times longer than the petioles. |
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11 Hydrocotyle ramiflora |
