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27. Pulsatilla Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. [1136]. 1754.
白头翁属 bai tou weng shu
Wang Wencai; Bruce Bartholomew
Herbs perennial, often covered with long soft hairs. Rhizome erect. Leaves basal, rosulate; petiole long; leaf blade palmately or odd pinnately divided; veins palmate. Scape with 3 bracts forming a bell-shaped involucre; involucral bracts basally connate and apically ± deeply divided into numerous lobes. Flower solitary, bisexual. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals absent. Stamens numerous, outermost whorl staminodial except in Pulsatilla kostyczewii; anthers yellow or purple, oblong, narrowly ellipsoid, filiform, or linear, with one longitudinal vein. Pistils numerous; ovule 1 per ovary. Styles long linear, pilose, strongly elongated and plumose when mature. Infructescence globose. Achenes small, spindle-shaped, pilose, with a long plumose beak formed by persistent style.
About 33 species: Asia, Europe, North America; 11 species (one endemic) in China.
Although Pulsatilla can easily be distinguished from Anemone by the former having a long, plumose beak on the achenes formed by the persistent style, phylogenetic studies have shown that they are probably congeneric.
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| 1 |
Anthers purple; staminodes not present; all but ultimate leaf blade segments and lobes stipitate; ultimate leaf blade segments ca. 0.5 mm wide |
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1 P. kostyczewii |
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Anthers yellow; staminodes present; not all leaf blade segments and lobes stipitate; ultimate leaf blade segments greater than 0.5 mm wide (may be only 0.5 mm wide in P. tenuiloba and P. sukaczevii but segments not all stipitate). |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade odd pinnate with (3 or)4--6 pairs of lateral leaflets. |
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(3) |
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Leaf blade 3-foliolate but may appear to be odd pinnate with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral leaflets if terminal leaflet and/or central segment of terminal leaflet stipitate. |
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(6) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade consistently 3 × pinnately divided; persistent style of achenes 3--3.5 cm. |
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(4) |
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Leaf blade 2 or 3 × pinnately divided; persistent style of achenes 2--2.8 cm. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade with (3 or)4 pairs of lateral leaflets; involucral bracts 2.8--3.4 cm, tube 5--6 mm; sepals blue-violet, rarely white, 2.2--4.2 cm |
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8 P. turczaninovii |
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Leaf blade with 6 pairs of lateral leaflets; involucral bracts 0.9--2.2 cm, tube 2--2.5 mm; sepals pale yellowish green, yellow, or reddish purple, 0.9--2 cm |
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11 P. millefolium |
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| 5 (3) |
Leaf blade with 5 or 6 pairs of lateral leaflets; sepals violet |
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9 P. tenuiloba |
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Leaf blade with 4 pairs of lateral leaflets; sepals yellow or sometimes white |
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10 P. sukaczevii |
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| 6 (2) |
Leaf blade distinctly 3-foliolate, palmately divided |
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5 P. patens |
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Leaf blade 3-foliolate, but appearing to be odd pinnate with 1--3 pairs of lateral leaflets. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade 3-foliolate with 1(or 2) pairs of lateral leaflets; leaflet lobes slightly divided, terminal lobe obovate, not stipitate; flowers erect before anthesis |
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2 P. chinensis |
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Leaf blade 3-foliolate and odd pinnately divided with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral pinnate leaflets; leaflet lobes deeply divided, terminal lobe sometimes stipitate; flowers nodding before anthesis. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaves not fully expanded at anthesis; sepals purplish red to dark purple |
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3 P. cernua |
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Leaves mostly fully expanded at anthesis; sepals various shades of blue, violet, or lilac. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Ultimate leaf blade lobes (1.5--)2--4 mm wide; involucral bracts (3--)4--5 cm; sepals pale lilac to pale bluish violet; persistent style (4--)5--6 cm in fruits, slender and softly plumose |
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4 P. dahurica |
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Ultimate leaf blade lobes to 1 cm wide; involucral bracts 1.5--2.5 cm; persistent style 1.5--3 cm in fruit, stiff, bristly pilose. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Rhizome 5--8 mm in diam.; sepals dark violet, 2.2--2.8 cm; persistent style 2.5--3 cm |
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6 P. ambigua |
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Rhizome 2.5--4 mm in diam.; sepals blue-violet to lilac, 1.4--1.9 cm; persistent style 1--2.4 cm |
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7 P. campanella |
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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