| 1 |
Culms with 5–9 branches or more per mid-culm node (often fewer in Y. canoviridis) |
|
(2) |
| + |
Culms with 1 branch per mid-culm node, or 1 branch on lower nodes and 3–5(–8) on mid-culm and upper culm regions, rarely branches absent |
|
(37) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Culm sheath auricles present |
|
(3) |
| + |
Culm sheath auricles absent |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Culms 1.2–3 cm in diam.; culm sheaths equal in length to internodes or slightly longer, apex acuminately narrowly triangular. |
|
1 Y. vigens |
| + |
Culms less than 1.7 cm in diam.; culm sheaths much shorter than internodes, apex arcuate or broadly triangular |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
Culm sheaths with dense, dark brown blotches or spots |
|
(5) |
| + |
Culm sheaths without blotches or spots |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Culms 2–2.5 m, 5–10 mm in diam., internodes with purple spots when young; culm sheaths proximally sparsely pale fulvous setose. |
|
2 Y. brevipaniculata |
| + |
Culms 3–7 m high, 9–17 mm in diam., internodes without purple spots when young; culm sheaths glabrous |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (5) |
Leaf sheath auricles oblong or falcate, petiole abaxially pubescent; leaf blade (7–)11–17 mm wide, abaxially pallid. |
|
3 Y. glauca |
| + |
Leaf sheath auricles absent, petiole glabrous; leaf blade 4–11 mm wide, abaxially bright green. |
|
4 Y. lineolata |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (4) |
Culm internodes initially setose; leaf blade abaxially initially pubescent. |
|
5 Y. hirticaulis |
| + |
Culm internodes glabrous; leaf blades abaxially glabrous |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Culms 2–2.5(–3.5) m, internodes 20–80 cm; branches to 15 per node; culm sheaths proximally nearly smooth; leaf sheath auricles well developed, oral setae radiating. |
|
6 Y. falcatiaurita |
| + |
Culms to 1.6 m, internodes 15–25 cm; branches (1 or)2–6 per node; culm sheaths conspicuously longitudinally ribbed; leaf sheath auricles absent or fairly small, oral setae erect. |
|
7 Y. canoviridis |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (2) |
Rhizome necks hollow |
|
(10) |
| + |
Rhizome necks solid |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Culm sheaths hairy (sometimes glabrous in Y. weixiensis and Y. qiaojiaensis var. nuda); leaf sheath auricles present, oblong or minute |
|
(11) |
| + |
Culm sheaths glabrous; leaf sheath auricles absent |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Rhizome necks thick, 7–10 mm in diam.; culm sheath blades reflexed; leaf blades glabrous, delicate. |
|
8 Y. weixiensis |
| + |
Rhizome necks thin, 5–7 mm in diam.; culm sheath blades erect; leaf blades adaxially sparsely pubescent, tough. |
|
9 Y. qiaojiaensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (10) |
Culm sheath apically rounded, longitudinal ribs inconspicuous; culm sheath blades erect; leaf blades thick, with densely tessellate venation. |
|
10 Y. cava |
| + |
Culm sheath apically acuminate, longitudinal ribs prominent; culm sheath blades reflexed; leaf blades thin, with sparsely tessellate venation. |
|
11 Y. yadongensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (9) |
Culm sheaths nearly as long as internodes or longer (rarely only 1/2 internode length in Y. exilis and Y. varians) |
|
(14) |
| + |
Culm sheaths less than 1/2(–3/5) internode length (to 2/3 in Y. baishanzuensis) |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Culm internodes initially entirely or distally setulose |
|
(15) |
| + |
Culm internodes glabrous |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Culms to 2 m; internodes with fine prominent ridges. |
|
12 Y. violascens |
| + |
Culms to 5 m, internodes smooth |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (15) |
Culm internodes not pruinose; culm sheaths with conspicuous longitudinal ribs, tessellate venation not evident; leaf sheath oral setae 1.5–3 mm. |
|
13 Y. crassicollis |
| + |
Culm internodes densely pruinose; culm sheaths with conspicuous longitudinal ribs, tessellate venation distinct; leaf sheath oral setae to 6 mm. |
|
14 Y. bojieiana |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (14) |
Culm internodes proximally flattened above branches |
|
(18) |
| + |
Culm internodes not proximally flattened above branches |
|
(19) |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (17) |
Culms to 4.5 m; leaf blades to 14 cm, with 4 or 5 pairs of secondary veins (E Guizhou). |
|
15 Y. complanata |
| + |
Culms to 1.5 m; leaf blades to 9 cm, with 3 or 4 pairs of secondary veins (N Fujian). |
|
16 Y. longissima |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (17) |
Culms to 5 m; culm sheaths densely setose. |
|
17 Y. flexa |
| + |
Culms to 2.5 m; culm sheaths sparsely setose |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Culm internodes to 28 cm; branches 1–1.5 mm thick, apically pendulous; culm sheath oral setae 4–6; culm sheath blades revolute; leaf sheath auricles absent, oral setae erect; leaf blades to 8 mm wide. |
|
18 Y. exilis |
| + |
Culm internodes to 15 cm; branches to 3.5 mm thick, erect; culm sheath oral setae absent to 2; culm sheath blades usually erect; leaf sheath auricles oblong, oral setae radiating; leaf blades to 12 mm wide. |
|
19 Y. varians |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (13) |
Culm internodes initially apically pubescent or setose |
|
(22) |
| + |
Culm internodes apically glabrous (sometimes setose in Y. mitis and Y. xizangensis) |
|
(27) |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (21) |
Culm internodes solid or subsolid, cavity to 1/3 culm wall thickness |
|
(23) |
| + |
Culm internodes hollow, cavity more than 1/2 culm wall thickness |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (22) |
Culm sheaths cartilaginous, with dense purple-brown spots, glabrous or sparsely brown ciliate at base. |
|
20 Y. maculata |
| + |
Culm sheaths leathery, without spots, gray or fulvous setose or thickly hairy |
|
(24) |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (23) |
Culm internodes initially apically densely pruinose and sparsely gray setose below nodes; leaf blade to 2 cm wide, tessellation distinct; lemma glabrous. |
|
21 Y. longiuscula |
| + |
Culm internodes densely pruinose, sparsely brown setose below nodes; leaf blade to 1.2 cm wide, tessellation indistinct; lemma initially sparsely pubescent. |
|
22 Y. crispata |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (22) |
Leaf blade abaxially gray pubescent. |
|
23 Y. lacera |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrous |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (25) |
Culms 4–7 m, to 3(–6) cm in diam.; culm sheaths densely fulvous setose, especially at base; leaf sheath oral setae absent to 3; leaf blade secondary veins 2- or 3-paired. |
|
24 Y. elevata |
| + |
Culms 1.5–2 m, to 0.5 cm in diam.; culm sheaths sparsely white setose toward margins; leaf sheath oral setae more than 10; leaf blade secondary veins 4-paired. |
|
25 Y. baishanzuensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (21) |
Culms to 7 m, to 3 cm in diam |
|
(28) |
| + |
Culms to 3(–4) m, to 1 cm in diam |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Culm internodes with fine ridges, hollow |
|
(29) |
| + |
Culm internodes smooth, solid or subsolid |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (28) |
Culm internodes initially pruinose; branches 3–7 per node; culm sheaths densely purple-brown blotched; pseudopetioles glabrous. |
|
29 Y. mitis |
| + |
Culm internodes of young culms not pruinose; branches 10–19 per node; culm sheaths without blotches; pseudopetioles adaxially slightly setose. |
|
30 Y. xizangensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (28) |
Culm sheaths densely brown to black setose, not striped, oral setae absent or scarce. |
|
26 Y. farcticaulis |
| + |
Culm sheaths glabrous or with adnate fulvous seta at base, initially with sporadic longitudinal stripes, oral setae absent |
|
(31) |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (30) |
Culm internodes solid; leaf blades to 10(–12.5) cm, secondary veins 3–5-paired. |
|
27 Y. levigata |
| + |
Culm internodes hollow; leaf blades to 7.5 cm, secondary veins 2-paired. |
|
28 Y. ailuropodina |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (27) |
Leaf blade abaxially proximally pale pubescent initially |
|
(33) |
| + |
Leaf blades completely glabrous |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Culms 4–6 mm in diam.; internodes terete; culm sheaths glabrous or basally yellow-brown setose; leaf blades 9–13 mm wide, with 3 or 4 pairs of secondary veins. |
|
31 Y. brevis |
| + |
Culms 10–13 mm in diam.; internodes flattened above branches; culm sheaths more uniformly yellow-brown setose; leaf blades 14–23 mm wide, with 4 or 5 pairs of secondary veins. |
|
32 Y. menghaiensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (32) |
Culm internodes with fine conspicuous ridges; leaf sheaths 4.2–6 cm. |
|
33 Y. collina |
| + |
Culm internodes smooth or with inconspicuous fine ridges; leaf sheaths no longer than 5 cm |
|
(35) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (34) |
Culm sheaths persistently retrorsely setose, oral setae ca. 5; leaf blades with 4–6 pairs of secondary veins. |
|
34 Y. farinosa |
| + |
Culm sheaths glabrous or rarely gray setose, oral setae absent to 2; leaf blades with 3 or 4 pairs of secondary veins |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (35) |
Culm internodes hollow; branches 5–9 per node; culm sheath margins glabrous, ligules 1–1.4 mm; leaf sheath margins glabrous, auricles ca. 1 mm, leaf blade basally cuneate. |
|
35 Y. laetevirens |
| + |
Culm internodes solid or subsolid; branches (3–)8–30(–45) per node; culm sheath margins glabrous or initially ciliate; leaf sheath margin initially gray ciliate, auricles ca. 0.3 mm, leaf blade basally broadly cuneate or suborbicular. |
|
36 Y. multiramea |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (1) |
Culm sheath auricles conspicuous |
|
(38) |
| + |
Culm sheath auricles absent or reduced to small protuberances |
|
(49) |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Culm internodes initially distally pubescent or setose |
|
(39) |
| + |
Culm internodes glabrous |
|
(43) |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (38) |
Leaf blades abaxially glabrous |
|
(40) |
| + |
Leaf blades abaxially pubescent |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Culms 4–8 mm in diam., branches with secondary branching. |
|
37 Y. mabianensis |
| + |
Culms 1.5–2.5 mm in diam., branches absent or solitary and without secondary branching. |
|
38 Y. andropogonoides |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (39) |
Branches solitary at all nodes; leaf sheath auricles and oral setae absent. |
|
39 Y. grammata |
| + |
Branches 3(–5) per node on upper culm; leaf sheath auricles conspicuous, oral setae radiating |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Culm internodes to 25(–37) cm, initially with dense purple spots; culm sheaths with longitudinal ribs inconspicuous or distally conspicuous, oral setae 2–5 mm. |
|
40 Y. polytricha |
| + |
Culm internodes to 15(–37) cm, without spots; culm sheaths with longitudinal ribs conspicuous, oral setae 4–15 mm. |
|
41 Y. basihirsuta |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (38) |
Branches 1.5–3 mm in diam.; leaf blade 1.2–1.7 cm wide, secondary veins 4- or 5-paired. |
|
42 Y. longiaurita |
| + |
Branches 3–8(–12) mm in diam.; leaf blade 3–5.7 cm wide, secondary veins 7–11-paired |
|
(44) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Branches always 1 per node; leaf blade (13–)19–26(–33) cm. |
|
43 Y. chingii |
| + |
Branches several per node on upper culm; leaf blade 7–19 cm |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (44) |
Culm sheaths densely setose |
|
(46) |
| + |
Culm sheaths glabrous |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Culm internodes without spots; culm sheath oral setae to 2 cm; pseudopetioles villosulous, leaf blade secondary veins (3 or)4- or 5(or 6)-paired, tessellations rectangular. |
|
46 Y. straminea |
| + |
Culm internodes initially purple spotted; culm sheath oral setae 3–6 mm; pseudopetioles glabrous, leaf blade secondary veins 5–9-paired, tessellations square |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (46) |
Culms to 2.5 m, internodes 16–22 cm; oral setae 2–7 mm. |
|
44 Y. auctiaurita |
| + |
Culms to 3(–4) m, internodes to 32 cm; oral setae 10–12 mm. |
|
45 Y. dafengdingensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (45) |
Culms to 4.5 m; leaf sheath oral setae 3–5 mm; pseudopetiole 7–9 mm; leaf blade 3.6–4 cm wide |
|
47 Y. oblonga |
| + |
Culms to 2.5 m; leaf sheath oral setae 4–14 mm; pseudopetiole 2–3.5 mm; blade 1.8–2.8 cm wide. |
|
48 Y. cartilaginea |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (37) |
Culm sheaths glabrous or basally yellow-gray setose |
|
(50) |
| + |
Culm sheaths setose or initially so |
|
(53) |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (49) |
Culm internodes without purple spots when young; branches solitary at lower nodes, 3–5 at upper nodes |
|
(51) |
| + |
Culm internodes with purple blotches when young, branches solitary at nodes |
|
(52) |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (50) |
Culms to 10 mm in diam., internodes hollow, initially thickly pruinose below nodes and distally with siliceous stubble, longitudinal ribs inconspicuous; branchlets with 6–8 leaf blades; leaf sheaths 2.5–4 cm; blades to 13 cm. |
|
49 Y. wuyishanensis |
| + |
Culms 4–5 mm in diam., internodes subsolid, initially pruinose under nodes and distally villosulous, longitudinal ribs conspicuous; branchlets with 1–3 leaf blades; leaf sheaths 4–9 cm; blades to 19(–27) cm. |
|
50 Y. glandulosa |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 (50) |
Culm shoots pruinose, brown setose at base; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or ovate-elliptical, 3–5 cm wide, conspicuously rugose when dried. |
|
51 Y. rugosa |
| + |
Culm shoots not pruinose, glabrous; leaf blade lanceolate, 1.5–2.6 cm wide, usually flat when dried |
|
52 Y. uniramosa |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (49) |
Culm internodes terete |
|
(54) |
| + |
Culm internodes grooved above branches, especially in lower culm |
|
(56) |
| |
|
|
|
| 54 (53) |
Culm internodes uniformly pruinose; sheath scars yellow setose initially; leaf blades 0.6–1.5(–2.1) cm wide, abaxially proximally gray-yellow pubescent by midrib and on pseudopetiole. |
|
53 Y. confusa |
| + |
Culm internodes only apically pruinose; sheath scars glabrous; leaf blades 1.5–2.2(–2.8) cm wide, glabrous |
|
(55) |
| |
|
|
|
| 55 (54) |
Culms to 3.5 m; culm sheaths cartilaginous, with erect setae; branchlets with 2–5 blades. |
|
54 Y. pauciramificans |
| + |
Culms to 1.8 m; culm sheaths leathery, with sparse, appressed setae; branchlets with 4–9 blades |
|
55 Y. punctulata |
| |
|
|
|
| 56 (53) |
Culm internodes glabrous. |
|
56 Y. pachyclada |
| + |
Culm internodes initially hispidulous |
|
(57) |
| |
|
|
|
| 57 (56) |
Leaf sheath distally villosulous, oral setae present, brown, 2–4 mm; leaf blade glabrous, 0.3–1.3 cm wide, secondary veins 2–4-paired. |
|
57 Y. niitakayamensis |
| + |
Leaf sheaths glabrous, oral setae absent (rarely 1–3, erect); leaf blade abaxially initially villosulous, 1–2.5 cm wide, secondary veins 4–8-paired. |
|
58 Y. suijiangensis |
