海南榄仁 hai nan lan ren

Terminalia hainanensis Exell; T. obliqua Craib; T. triptera Stapf (1895), not Franchet (1896); T. tripteroides Craib.

Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall; trunk to 0.5 m d.b.h. Bark gray-white, gray, yellowish brown, gray-brown, or brown, spotted. Branchlets gray or brown, slender, longitudinally corrugated, yellow orbicular lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves alternate or subopposite, grouped at apices of branchlets; petiole 1-2.4 cm, apex (or leaf blade base) without glands; leaf blade green abaxially, deep green adaxially, oblong-elliptic to broadly elliptic, ovate, obovate, or sometimes suborbicular, 4-11 × 2.5-5.5 cm, with glands near margin, glabrous, puberulous on midvein, or abaxially thinly pilose when young, base truncate, rounded, or obtuse, apex mucronate or acuminate, rarely retuse; lateral veins in (6-)8-10 pairs. Inflorescences terminal and axillary spikes, many grouped at branchlet apex and forming a panicle 4-8 cm; axes densely deep yellow and red tomentose. Flowers fragrant. Calyx tube distally cupular, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially usually glabrous, rarely minutely tomentose, adaxially densely white long hairy; lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 8-10, exserted, 3-4.5 mm. Fruit not or scarcely stipitate, green tinged with red, scarlet, deep brown, black and purple, or green-purple when ripe, ellipsoid or obovoid, 3-winged, (1.5-)2-3.5 × (1-)1.5-2 cm, glabrous, base broadly obtuse to oblique and rounded; wings subleathery, transversely striate, margin shallowly undulate, apical part obtusely deltoid, extending 5-8 mm beyond seed-bearing part of fruit. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Jul-Feb.

Forests, mixed forests, woods, sparse woods, thickets, mountains, seashores, dry sandy seashores; sea level to 500 m. Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (NW Peninsular Malaysia and Lankawi Islands), ?Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

Terminalia hainanensis, described from Hainan, and T. nigrovenulosa (S Vietnam), T. obliqua (Thailand), T. triptera Stapf (Malaysia: Lankawi Islands), and T. tripteroides (Thailand) are all clearly the same species. This was already realized by Lecompte (in Aubréville, Fl. Cam bodge Laos Vietnam 10: 92. 1969). The name T. nigrovenulosa has priority.