1	Female glumes 9-10 mm.		37 C. praeclara
+	Female glumes less than 8 mm		(2)
2 (1)	Utricles densely papillose, gray-green		(3)
+	Utricles smooth or minutely punctate, yellowish green, stramineous, pale brown, or dark purple-red		(5)
3 (2)	Female glumes acuminate or with short awn at apex, longer than utricles.		38 C. tarunensis
+	Female glumes obtuse at apex, equaling or slightly shorter than utricles		(4)
4 (3)	Female spikes 5-12 mm, sessile.		39 C. meyeriana
+	Female spikes 10-25 mm, shortly stipitate.		40 C. hongyuanensis
5 (2)	Upper 3 or 4 spikes male, rarely with a few female flowers at base.		41 C. polymascula
+	Terminal spikes male or gynaecandrous or all spikes gynaecandrous		(6)
6 (5)	All spikes gynaecandrous.		42 C. aristulifera
+	Spikes gynaecandrous or with terminal spike male		(7)
7 (6)	Terminal spike male (rarely bisexual in C. melanantha)		(8)
+	Terminal spike gynaecandrous		(11)
8 (7)	Female glumes broadly white hyaline on margins.		45 C. moorcroftii
+	Female glumes narrowly white hyaline on margins or not		(9)
9 (8)	Utricles 2-toothed at orifice.		46 C. minxianensis
+	Utricles emarginate at orifice		(10)
10 (9)	Spikes distant; leaves soft.		43 C. augustinowiczii
+	Spikes approximate at culm apex, only lowest spike distant; leaves slightly stiff.		44 C. melanantha
11 (7)	Utricles scabrous above on margins.		47 C. obscura
+	Utricles smooth on margins		(12)
12 (11)	Female glumes with a scabrous long awn at apex.		48 C. gmelinii
+	Female glumes without scabrous long awn at apex		(13)
13 (12)	Utricles veined		(14)
+	Utricles nerveless (except for 2 costas on edges)		(19)
14 (13)	Utricles elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate		(15)
+	Utricles obovate-elliptic, obovate, or oblanceolate		(16)
15 (14)	Spikes distant; female glumes pale or light ferruginous; orifice of utricles yellow-green, 2-toothed.		59 C. peiktusani
+	Spikes approximate; female glumes dark purple; orifice of utricles purple-red, emarginate.		60 C. schneideri
16 (14)	Utricles inflated		(17)
+	Utricles not inflated		(18)
17 (16)	Utricles 2-2.2 mm; female glumes broadly ovate, ca. 1.2 mm.		61 C. lehmannii
+	Utricles (2.5-)3-3.3 mm; female glumes oblong, 2-2.5 mm.		62 C. montis-wutaii
18 (16)	Utricles oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, beak 2-toothed at orifice.		63 C. serreana
+	Utricles obovate or elliptic-obovate, beak short and subtruncate at orifice.		64 C. caucasica
19 (13)	Spikes contiguous forming a capitate or spicate inflorescence		(20)
+	Spikes loosely disposed in racemose inflorescence		(22)
20 (19)	Utricles membranous, vesicular, nerveless.		51 C. melanocephala
+	Utricles leathery, granulose or glabrous, 3-5-veined		(21)
21 (20)	Rhizome long; utricles ovate, glabrous, 4-5 mm; sandy plants.		49 C. sabulosa
+	Rhizome short, culms loosely tufted; utricles obovate, minutely granulose, 2.5-3 mm.		50 C. melananthiformis
22 (19)	Female glumes 2-3 mm; female spikes 4-15 mm		(23)
+	Female glumes 4-6 mm; female spikes (20-)25-35 mm		(25)
23 (22)	Utricles inflated, horizontally patent at maturity.		57 C. hancockiana
+	Utricles compressed or slightly inflated, not horizontally patent at maturity		(24)
24 (23)	Culms 30-60 cm tall; female glumes white hyaline on margins.		55 C. angarae
+	Culms 15-25 cm tall; female glumes not white hyaline on margins.		56 C. duthiei
25 (22)	Utricles stramineous, sometimes upper yellow-brown or purple punctate, compressed.		52 C. kansuensis
+	Utricles dark brown to purple-brown		(26)
26 (25)	Female glumes 6-6.5 mm; nutlets ca. 2.5 mm.		53 C. bijiangensis
+	Female glumes 3.5-4 mm; nutlets 1.5-1.7 mm		(27)
27 (26)	Utricles elliptic or ovate, shallowly 2-toothed at orifice.		58 C. atrata
+	Utricles narrowly oblong, obliquely truncate at orifice.		54 C. obliquitruncata