| 1 | Involucre 3-4 mm in diam.; marginal florets 10-15, disk florets 10-30 |  | (2) | 
  | + | Involucre 1-2.5(-3.5) mm in diam.; marginal florets 2-9, disk florets 2-15 |  | (5) | 
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  | 2 (1) | Lower stem leaf petioles 5-7 cm; blades 10-15 cm; disk florets 25-30. |  | 171 A. bargusinensis | 
  | + | Lower stem leaf petioles to 3 cm; blades 2-5 cm; disk florets 10-20 |  | (3) | 
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  | 3 (2) | Middle stem leaves spatulate or obovate-spatulate. |  | 181 A. nanschanica | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic |  | (4) | 
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  | 4 (3) | Leaf blade pinnatisect; lower and middle leaves with petiole 1-3 cm; florets 21-30. |  | 170 A. depauperata | 
  | + | Leaf blade ternately 3-partite (or -cleft); lower and middle leaves ± sessile; florets 33-40. |  | 184 A. tridactyla | 
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  | 5 (1) | Lower and middle stem leaf blades widest above middle, spatulate or subspatulate, often with attenuate base, serrate at apex, entire or 3-5-cleft with much broader middle lobe |  | (6) | 
  | + | Lower and middle stem leaves widest at or below middle |  | (11) | 
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  | 6 (5) | Middle stem leaves 2-6 cm wide |  | (7) | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves 0.5-1.2(-2) cm wide |  | (9) | 
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  | 7 (6) | Middle stem leaves 5.5-8 × 4-6 cm; involucre 2-3 mm in diam. |  | 176 A. littoricola | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves 2.5-4 × 2-4 cm; involucre 1.5-2(-3) mm in diam |  | (8) | 
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  | 8 (7) | Synflorescence a narrow, ± cylindric panicle. |  | 177 A. manshurica | 
  | + | Synflorescence a broad, ± conical panicle. |  | 174 A. eriopoda | 
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  | 9 (6) | Basal leaves entire. |  | 178 A. japonica | 
  | + | Basal leaves 1- or 2-pinnatipartite or -pinnatisect |  | (10) | 
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  | 10 (9) | Middle stem leaves 2-3 cm, lobes 1-2 mm wide. |  | 179 A. parviflora | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves 1-1.5, lobes 3-4 mm wide. |  | 180 A. hancei | 
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  | 11 (5) | Middle stem leaves 3-5(-7)-partite |  | (12) | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect or pinnatipartite |  | (14) | 
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  | 12 (11) | Branches 15-35 cm or more, usually flexuous and horizontal; middle stem leaves 3-7 cm wide. |  | 183 A. dubia | 
  | + | Branches 8-14 cm, ascending; middle stem leaves 0.8-1.5 cm wide |  | (13) | 
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  | 13 (12) | Middle stem leaves with lobes 10-20 mm; leaflike bracts 3-partite; corolla limb glabrous. |  | 185 A. giraldii | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves with lobes 5-8(-10) mm; leaflike bracts linear or linear-lanceolate; corolla limb puberulent. |  | 186 A. conaensis | 
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  | 14 (11) | Rhizomes not shortly terete; middle stem leaves spatulate or attenuate, entire or obliquely 3-5-cleft, -partite, or -sect from apex to base, or leaves heteromorphic, spatulate or attenuate in sterile branches and 1(or 2)-pinnatisect or -partite. |  | 175 A. angustissima | 
  | + | Rhizomes shortly terete; sterile and middle stem leaves not spatulate or attenuate, middle leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect |  | (15) | 
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  | 15 (14) | Stem, branches, leaves, and phyllaries densely gray and yellowish sericeous- pubescent, later sparsely pubescent; middle stem leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes. |  | 173 A. duthreuil-de-rhinsi | 
  | + | Stem, branches, and leaves pubescent or glabrescent; middle stem leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes |  | (16) | 
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  | 16 (15) | Middle stem leaves shortly petiolate, 1-pinnatipartite, or 2-pinnatipartite and then lobulate from mid-lateral lobes; capitula sparse. |  | 172 A. desertorum | 
  | + | Middle stem leaves sessile, 1- or 2-pinnatisect, segments 2 or 3 pairs, basal lobes lobulate or not; capitula many, dense. |  | 182 A. pengchuoensis |