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1. Tamarix Linn., Sp. Pl. 270. 1753. Gen. Pl. ed. 5:131. 1754; Ehrenberg in Linnaea 2:241-344. 1827; DC., Prodr. 3:95. 1828; Bunge, Tentamen 1-85. 1852; Boiss., Fl.Or. 1763. 1867; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1:159. 1867; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl.Brit.Ind. 1:248. 1874; Parker, For. Fl. Punj. Del. Haz.24. 1918; Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bomb. 1:74. 1958 (rep. ed.); Talbot, For. Fl. Bomb. Sind. 1:84. 1911; Gorshkova in Shishkin & Bobrov, Fl. U.R.S.S. 15:290. 1949; Baum, Monog. Genus Tamarix 22. 1966; Hutch., Gen. Fl. Pl. 2:323. 1967.
M. QAISER
Trichaurus Am.
Shrubs or trees, 2-10 (-12) m tall, with a deep root system, densely branched, glabrous, papillose or subpapillose, bark of various colours, mostly brownish to balckish brown. Leaves small, 0.5-7 mm long, scale-like, alternate, sessile, amplexicaul, vaginate or auriculate, glabrous or pilose, covered with punctate salt secreting glands. Inflorescence simple or compound racemes or panicles, 1-15 cm long, on younger and older branches. Flowers small, penta or tetramerous, mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual, then plants dioecious, each flower is usually substended by one bract, occasionally by two or more, bract ovate, triangulate, or linear amplexicaul or subamplexicaul, herbaceous. or diaphanous, entire or denticulate, acute or obtuse, shorter than, equal or longer than pedicel. Calyx 4 or 5-lobed, subequal or equal with imbricate aestivation, 2 outer, 3 inner (pantamerous) or 2 outer, 2 inner (tetramerous), denticulate or entire, obtuse or acute, various shaped, mostly ovate or orbicular, glabrous or slightly papillose. Petals 4 or 5, free, ovate, oblong, obovate or elliptical, obtuse, slightly notched or somewhat cuneate at the apex, equi or inequilateral, pink, violet, purple or white, deciduous or persistent. Stamens 4-10 (-12) diplostemonous or haplostemonous, antisepalous stamens usually slightly larger than antipetalous stamens, inserted on or below the nectiferous disc. Disc various shaped, anthers ovoid, apiculate or obtuse. Stigmas 3-4, rarely 5 or 2, elongate, clavate or divergent, 2-3-times shorter than the ovary. Ovary pyramidal or bottle shaped, placentas very short at the base of the locules. Capsule, 3-5-engled, conical or pyramidal, dehiscing by 3 valves, downward to base. Seeds small, compressed, glabrous, hairy from the apex, coma sessile.
A genus with about 90 species (the number of species always remains disputable e.g. Gorshkova (1949), Zohary (1972) report 90 species. Baum (1966) accepts 54 species) distributed chiefly in saline areas of deserts, semideserts, steppes or on the mountains along the river and springs in Asia, Europe and N.E. Africa. In Pakistan the genus is represented by 26 taxa.
Lectotype: Tamarix gallica Linn.
Exculded Species Tamarix gallica Linn., Sp. Pl. 386. 1753. This species does not occur in Indo-Pakistan subcontinent.
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| 1 |
Flowers unisexual |
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17 Tamarix dioica |
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Flowers bisexual |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Androecium haplostemonous. Stamens 4-5 |
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(3) |
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Androecium diplostemonous or partially diplostemonous. Stamens (6-) 7-10 |
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(23) |
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| 3 (2) |
Flowers tetramerous or with tetra and pentamerous flowers in the same raceme |
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(18) |
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Flowers always pentamerous |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Racemes 6-9 mm broad |
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(5) |
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Racemes 3-4(5) mm broad |
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(8) |
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| 5 (4) |
Rachis and branches pubescent |
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6 Tamarix pakistanica |
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Plant entirely glabrous |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Bracts linear to linear-oblong, exceeding calyces. Leaves semiamplexicaul |
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5 Tamarix salina |
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Bracts ovate or triangulate-ovate, never exceeding calyces. Leaves vaginate |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Petals recurved, sepals orbicular. Stamens exserted |
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20 Tamarix alii |
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Petals erect, sepals ovate. Stamens included |
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18 Tamarix sultanii |
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| 8 (4) |
Leaves vaginate |
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(9) |
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Leaves not vaginate |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaves papillose. Bracts not vaginate. Disc epilophic |
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21 Tamarix kermanensis |
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Leaves not papillose. Bracts vaginate. Disc mesodiscine |
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19 Tamarix aphylla |
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| 10 (8) |
Petals persistent |
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(11) |
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Petals deciduous |
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(12) |
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| 11 (10) |
Petals ovate to orbicular with a gibbous base. Peduncle naked for a considerable distance |
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8 Tamarix smyrnensis |
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Petals obovate without a gibbous base. Peduncle not naked, densely flowered |
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10 Tamarix ramosissima |
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| 12 (10) |
Racemes 2-5 cm long |
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(13) |
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Racemes up to 15 cm long |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaves sessile with narrow base, usually with papillose margin. Petals obovate. Disc mesodiscine |
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2 Tamarix arceuthoides |
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Leaves amplexicaul, without papillose margin. Petals elliptic, ovate. Disc epilophic or confluent epilophic |
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4 Tamarix mascatensis |
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| 14 (12) |
Disc mesodiscine |
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(15) |
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Disc epilophic or confluent epilophic |
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(16) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaves pseudo-vaginate to amplexicaul, rachis minutely papillose. Bract 1 mm long, capsules 6 mm long |
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1 Tamarix indica |
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Leaves ovate or sessile with narrow base. Rachis glabrous. Bracts 2 mm long. Capsule 34 mm long |
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11 Tamarix korolkowii |
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| 16 (14) |
Leaves cordate with broad base. Younger parts papillose. Bracts amplexicaul |
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7 Tamarix karelini |
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Leaves with narrow base. Entirely glabrous. Btacts not amplexicaul |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Disc confluent epilophic. Capsule 1.75-2 mm long. Pollen grains without columellae |
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3 Tamarix leptostachya |
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Disc epilophic. Capsule 3-3.5 mm long. Pollen grains with columellae |
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9 Tamarix baluchistanica |
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| 18 (3) |
Racemes 6-10 mm broad |
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(19) |
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Racemes 34 (-5) mm broad |
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(20) |
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| 19 (18) |
Bracts exceeding calyces. broadly linear to obtrullate. Petals 3-3.5 mm long. Racemes 5-13 cm long |
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14 Tamarix tetragyna var. meyeri |
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Bracts not exceeding calyces, oblong lanceolate. Petals 2-2.5 mm long racemes 2-4 cm long |
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13 Tamarix szovitsiana |
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| 20 (18) |
Bracts longer than the pedicels |
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(21) |
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Bracts shorter than the pedicels |
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(22) |
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| 21 (20) |
Petals parabolic, persistent. Flowers tetra as well as pentamerous |
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12 Tamarix parviflora |
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Petals elliptic to obovate, deciduous. Flowers only tetramerous |
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16 Tamarix kotschyi |
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| 22 (20) |
Racemes umbellate at apex |
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15 Tamarix androssowii var. transcaucassica |
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Racemes not umbellate at the apex |
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15 Tamarix androssowii var. androssowii |
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| 23 (2) |
Racemes 4-5 mm broad. Leaves veginate only |
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22 Tamarix stricta |
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Racemes 6-10 mm broad. Older leaves vaginate, younger imbricate |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Androecium completely diplostemonous, Raceme 9-11 mm broad. Disc fleshy |
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23 Tamarix ericoides |
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Androecium partially diplostemonous. Racemes 6-8 mm broad. Disc not fleshy |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Leaves amplexicaul or semiamplexicaul.
Rachis papillose |
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24 Tamarix passernioides var. macrocarpa |
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Leaves pseudovaginate to vaginate. Rachis glabrous |
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25 Tamarix sarenensis |
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List of lower taxa
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