Plants often rather soft and flexuose, green to blackish when old. Stems 2--9 cm, simple, erect, in proximal part moderately to densely brownish tomentose. Leaves 3--8 mm, loosely imbricate, appressed to erect-spreading and flexuose when dry, patent to widely spreading and weakly recurved when moist; sheath rectangular, scarcely narrowed to the blade; blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often caducous at the junction of sheath and blade, the apex subulate, weakly channeled; marginal lamina 6--9 cells wide, distantly toothed to subentire; costa excurrent as short brown entire to serrulate tip, smooth abaxially or with a few teeth near apex; lamellae in profile entire to shallowly crenulate, 5--10 cells high, the marginal cells in section usually somewhat broadened, flat-topped or shallowly grooved, single or geminate, thin-walled, smooth, the marginal cells of lateral lamellae asymmetric; median sheath cells 75--110 × 2--12 µm, linear; cells of marginal lamina 9--15 µm, quadrate, thin- to firm-walled; perichaetial leaves with long sheathing bases and short subulate blade. Seta 2.5--5 cm, reddish brown. Capsule 2.5--3 cm, ± cubic, sharply 4--angled, suberect when mature, becoming horizontal when old; peristome teeth 64, 160--210 µm, obtuse, the basal portion 60--75 µm. Spores 12--15 µm.

Very wet and regularly flooded situations, sedge meadows, wet tundra and lake shores (D. G. Long 1985); Greenland; Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) N.W.T., Nunavut (Baffin Is., Devon Is.) **n**, Yukon; Alaska; Europe (Scandinavia); n and e Asia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland).

Polytrichum swartzii is a northern species with distantly toothed to subentire leaves, differing chiefly by the rounded-quadrate, flat-topped (not retuse or grooved) and scarcely-thickened marginal cells of the lamellae. The capsules are shortly cubic.