1 |
Blades simple, pinnatifid, or forked (sometimes with free pinnae at base), not pinnate throughout. |
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(2) |
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Blades pinnate throughout or pinnatifid only in distal 1/3, pinnae undivided to 1–3-divided. |
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(8) |
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2 (1) |
Blades less than 2–3 mm wide, linear, frequently forking or with 1–3 small, narrow projections. |
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7 Asplenium septentrionale |
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Blades more than 10 mm wide, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, if lobed, segments resembling adnate pinnae. |
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(3) |
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3 (2) |
Veins anastomosing to form areoles; blades rooting at tip. |
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4 Asplenium rhizophyllum |
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Veins free; blades with apical buds or not but not rooting at tip. |
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(4) |
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4 (3) |
Blades simple, linear to oblanceolate. |
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(5) |
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Blades pinnatifid, elliptic, lanceolate, to deltate. |
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(6) |
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5 (4) |
Blades cordate at base; roots not proliferous. |
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5a Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum |
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Blades tapered at base; roots proliferous. |
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6 Asplenium serratum |
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6 (4) |
Petioles 1 cm or less, dull; stem scales 0.6–1 mm wide, sparsely denticulate. |
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1 Asplenium dalhousiae |
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Petioles 1–10 cm, lustrous; stem scales less than 0.5 mm wide, entire. |
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(7) |
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7 (6) |
Petioles dark-pigmented only at base; blade narrowly deltate. |
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3 Asplenium pinnatifidum |
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Petioles and proximal midrib darkly pigmented abaxially; blade oblong- lanceolate. |
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2 Asplenium ebenoides |
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8 (1) |
Blades 2–4-pinnate, with only largest pinnae divided to all pinnae divided. |
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(9) |
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Blades 1-pinnate, pinnae undivided (except in some individuals of A. pumilum). |
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(18) |
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9 (8) |
Blades deltate-ovate, with 2–5 pairs of pinnae; pinnae generally deltate-ovate to obdeltate, rarely lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; color in living plants dull bluish green. |
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30 Asplenium ruta-muraria |
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Blades ovate-lanceolate to linear, with 5–20 pairs of pinnae; pinnae linear to oblong; color in living plants shiny green. |
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(10) |
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10 (9) |
Delicate root proliferations usually present (commonly buried in mossy soil in crevices, but enabling clone formation); damp, shaded limestone; Florida. |
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(11) |
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Delicate root proliferations absent or rare; mainly rock crevices; plants not in Florida. |
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(15) |
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11 (10) |
Spores uniform and normal. |
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(12) |
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Spores of different sizes and shapes, malformed (irregular in size and shape). |
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(13) |
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12 (11) |
Blades oblong-lanceolate, mostly 2- pinnate; pinnae lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate. |
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25 Asplenium cristatum |
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Blades narrowly lanceolate, 2–3- pinnate; pinnae ovate to ovate- deltate. |
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31 Asplenium verecundum |
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13 (11) |
Blades linear-lanceolate, s Florida. |
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23 Asplenium ×biscayneanum |
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Blades oblong-lanceolate, c Florida. |
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(14) |
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14 (13) |
Medial pinnae pinnate throughout; pinnules mostly deeply notched apically. |
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26 Asplenium ×curtissii |
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Medial pinnae pinnate only in proximal 1/2; pinnules mostly shallowly notched apically. |
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29 Asplenium plenum |
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15 (10) |
Buds at blade, pinna, and pinnule apices minute, scaly, dormant; Arizona. |
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27 Asplenium exiguum |
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Buds absent; foothills and mountains in e United States and s Rocky Mountains. |
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(16) |
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16 (15) |
Petioles all pale green except at base. |
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28 Asplenium montanum |
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Petioles dark reddish brown. |
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(17) |
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17 (16) |
Blades lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, 1–2-pinnate; proximal pinnae often somewhat reduced; e United States foothills and mountains. |
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24 Asplenium bradleyi |
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Blades deltate-ovate to deltate- lanceolate, 2–3-pinnate; proximal pinnae usually largest; s Rocky Mountains. |
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22 Asplenium adiantum-nigrum |
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18 (8) |
Pinna pairs 1–2(–4); blades ovate-deltate, with fine nonglandular hairs on veins. |
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17 Asplenium pumilum |
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Pinna pairs 5–35; blades mainly oblong to lanceolate, usually with glandular hairs or narrow hairlike scales on veins or blades glabrous. |
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(19) |
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19 (18) |
Pinnae with conspicuous basal auricles overlapping rachis; sori inframedial; leaves ± dimorphic, upright and tall, or spreading and short; plants often terrestrial. |
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16 Asplenium platyneuron |
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Pinnae bases not overlapping rachis; sori medial to supramedial; leaves monomorphic; plants mainly on rock (epiphytic in A. auritum). |
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(20) |
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20 (19) |
Blades mostly 4–9 cm wide, linear- lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate. |
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(21) |
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Blades mostly less than 3 cm wide, mainly linear. |
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(22) |
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21 (20) |
Blades linear-lanceolate, to 35 cm; pinna pairs 10–22, base with conspicuous acroscopic auricle; epiphytic on tree trunks. |
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10 Asplenium auritum |
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Blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 20 cm; pinna pairs 4–8, base with or without small acroscopic auricle; on mossy limestone. |
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8 Asplenium abscissum |
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22 (20) |
Sori 1(–3), mainly confined to basiscopic side of strongly asymmetric pinnae. |
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14 Asplenium monanthes |
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Sori 4–10, on both sides of costa of nearly symmetric pinnae. |
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(23) |
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23 (22) |
Blade apex prolonged into whiplike extension of rachis terminating in bud. |
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15 Asplenium palmeri |
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Blade apex not prolonged, terminal bud absent. |
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(24) |
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24 (23) |
Pinnae ovate, oblong-ovate, to rhombic, mainly 4–7 mm, length 1–2 times width. |
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(25) |
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Pinnae oblong-lanceolate to oblong, mainly 6–10 mm, length 3–5 times width. |
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(28) |
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25 (24) |
Rachises dark reddish brown throughout. |
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19 Asplenium trichomanes |
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Rachises dark in proximal 1/3–2/3 or only at base. |
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(26) |
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26 (25) |
Rachises dark in proximal 1/3–2/3; pinna margins entire to shallowly crenate. |
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9 Asplenium adulterinum |
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Rachises dark only at base; pinna margins dentate-crenate. |
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(27) |
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27 (26) |
Pinnae with basiscopic 1/2 much reduced; blades mainly less than 1 cm wide; n North America. |
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21 Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum |
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Pinnae nearly symmetric; blades mainly more than 1 cm wide; s Florida. |
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11 Asplenium trichomanes-dentatum |
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28 (24) |
Pinna margins deeply lobed, especially acroscopic and distal margins, cut 1/3 or more distance from margin to costa; s California. |
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20 Asplenium vespertinum |
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Pinna margins nearly entire or shallowly crenate- dentate; se United States to e Arizona. |
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(29) |
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29 (28) |
Pinna margins nearly entire; sori supramedial; spores 32; widespread in s United States. |
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18 Asplenium resiliens |
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Pinna margins ± shallowly crenate- dentate; sori medial to inframedial; spores 32 or 64; local in se United States. |
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(30) |
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30 (29) |
Pinna margins shallowly crenulate; auricle present at pinna base; veins obscure; spores 32 per sporangium. |
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13 Asplenium ×heteroresiliens |
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Pinna margins serrate to crenate; auricle rudimentary or absent at pinna base; veins evident; spores 64 per sporangium. .. |
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12 Asplenium heterochroum |