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1. Juncus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 325. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 152, 1754.
Rush, jonc [classical name for the genus]
Ralph E. Brooks*;Steven E. Clemants*;
Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section. Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled, ensiform or terete, sometimes septate, margins involute. Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--)6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--)3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal. Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed.
Species ca. 300 (95 in the flora): worldwide except Antarctica.
SELECTED REFERENCES Engelmann, G. 1866--1868. Revision of the North American species of the genus Juncus, with a description of new or imperfectly known species. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 2(2, 3): 424--498. Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Fort Collins, Colo. [U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. , Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-18.] *SEC authored Juncus Linnaeus subg. Ensifolia and subg. Septati. All other subgenera were written by REB.
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| 1 |
Flowers borne singly; bracteoles present (except J. pelocarpus, J. subtilis). |
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(2) |
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Flowers in heads; bracteoles absent. |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Inflorescences appearing lateral, inflorescence bract terete, erect, appearing to be continuation of culm; basal leaves bladeless, cauline leaves absent |
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1a Juncus subg. Genuini |
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Inflorescences appearing terminal, inflorescence bract erect or ascending, flat, involute or terete; basal leaves (at least some) usually with blade, cauline leaves present or absent. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaves terete, septate; capsules beaked |
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1g Juncus subg. Septati |
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Leaves flat, involute or terete, not septate; capsule rarely beaked |
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1b Juncus subg. Poiophylli |
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| 4 (1) |
Leaves flat or ensiform. |
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(5) |
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Leaves terete or compressed. |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaves ensiform, imperfectly septate |
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1d Juncus subg. Ensifolii |
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Leaves flat, not septate |
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1c Juncus subg. Graminifolii |
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| 6 (4) |
Capsules large; seeds large, long tailed; leaves not noticeably septate |
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1f Juncus subg. Alpini |
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Capsules smaller; seeds not tailed or if tailed not long; leaves septate or not. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves not septate; plants halophytic |
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1e Juncus subg. Juncus |
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Leaves septate; plants usually of fresh water habitats |
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1g Juncus subg. Septati |
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List of lower taxa
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