箭葉菫菜

Viola betonicifolia J. E. Sm. subsp. nepalensis W. Becker in Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 120, 166. 1917; Merrill Enum. Philip. 3:105. 1923; Ooststr. & H. J. Lam in Blumea 5:594. 1945. Viola caespitosa D. Don, Prod. Fl. Nepal. 205. 1825; Hatusima, Fl. Ryukyus 419. 1971; Hsieh in Li et al. Fl. Taiwan 3:770, pl. 810, 1977. Viola oblongo-sagittata Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:37. 1922; Lin in Taiwania 1:278. 1950; Hashimoto in Bull. Jap. Assoc. Bot. Gard. 35, 1959. Viola betonicifolia var. oblongo-sagittata (Nakai) F. Maekawa & Hashimoto in Journ. Jap. Bot. 43:162, 1968. Viola oblongo-sagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:37. 1922; Lin in Taiwania 1:278. 1950. (Type, Nakahara s.n. Feb. 1907, TI!) Viola patrinii (non DC) Matsumura & Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22:30. 1906; Kawakami, List Pl. Form.7. 1910; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 1:61. 1911. Viola patrinii DC. var. chinensis (non Ging.) Hayata Icon. Pl. Form. 6. Suppl. 5, 1916.

Perennial herb; rhizome erect to ascending, rather stout, bearing greenish-white or yellowish roots below and rosette of leaves and flowers at apex, acaulescent. Leaves 3-16 cm long, 0.6-6 cm broad, usually linear-lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, cuneate or truncate at base during the flowering period, and become triangular-hastate, truncate to hastate at base, with prominently basal lobes after flowering period, acute or sometimes roundish obtuse at apex, shallowly and distantly crenate, sometimes dentate on basal lobes, long-decurrent on petiole, glabrous or pubescent on both surfaces, herbaceous to subcoriaceous; petiole 1-15 cm long. Stipules 3-7mm long, c. 1mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely short-fimbriate, glabrous, fuscous, adnate to petiole to 3/4 length. Flowers 10-20 mm across, white to purple, with darker veins; peduncles 6-28 cm long, equalling or exceeding leaves, glabrous or pubescent. Sepals 5-9 mm long, 1-3 mm broad, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire, glabrous; appendages 1-2.5 mm long, rounded to squarish or sometimes subdentate, glabrous. Petals obovate, uppers and laterals bearded or rarely uppers beardless, the basal emarginate or truncate at apex; spurs 2-4 mm long, cylindrical, obtuse, straight or slightly upcurved. Styles 1.5-2.2 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate distally, with prominent marginal lobes at apex, anterior stigmatic beak. Capsules 7-12 mm long, oblong, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, 1.5-1.8 mm long. Chromosome number: n = 36.

Keelung : Keelung, Sasaki s.n. Mar.30, 1930, Sasaki s.n. Mar. 1913 (TAIF), Hayata s.n. Mar. 13, 1916 (TAIF). Taipei : Yangmingshan (Sozan), Wang 4200, Chuang 2719, T. Suzuki 4193, Ito s.n. Feb. 15, 1914, S. Suzuki 11804, s.n. Mar. 3, 1929, Sasaki s.n. Feb. 15, 1914, s.n. Nov. 25, 1919, s.n. Nov. 1919 (TAIF); Tsutzuhu (Chikushiko),Simada 1172, 1173, 1206, Tanaka & Shimada 3508, Sasaki s.n. Feb. 25, 1911 (TAIF), s.n. Oct. 1923 (TAIF); Yangmingshan-Tsutzuhu,Kao s.n. Feb. 9, 1955; Tatunshan (Mt. Daiton), S. Suzuki 7530, 10232, Simada 112, H. Lin s.n. Feb. 24, 1947, Murata & Yang 17853, Sho 30, 38, 46, 50, 32, 49, Tanaka 5363 (NTUF); Chishingshan (Mt. Sitisei), H. Simizu 633; Peitou, Simada s.n. Aug. 1917 (TAIF); Sitiseitonzan, Simada s.n. Apr. 2, 1910 (TAIF); Shamaoshan, collector unknown s.n. Feb. 6, 1909 (TAIF); Kwanyinshan (Mt. Kwannon), Hsu s.n. Oct. 16, 1960, S. Suzuki 11928, s.n. Feb. 2, 1930, Masamune s.n. Feb. 2, 1930; Tansui, Simozawa 983, Simada s.n. Mar. 3, 1907 (TAIF), Kawakami & Simada 4269 (TAIF); Fukueichiao, Sasaki s.n. Mar. 24, 1924; Hsintien S. Suzuki s.n. Oct. 9, 1926; Tsaoshan, Hsu 6705; Keelungshan, Wang 3501, S. F. Huang s.n. Jul. 2, 1985; Sekitei, Sasaki & Fuji s.n. Mar. 1913 (TAIF); Shihpafun Nakamura 4291; Yehliu, Wang 4219, Lin s.n. Apr.2, 1988; Hsiaokeelung, Sasaki s.n. Mar. 24, 1924 (TAI)(TAIF). Taoyuan : Taoyuan, Simada 1147; Jenmei, Kuo 6579; Chonli, Simada s.n. Mar. 28, 1908 (TAIF). Hsinchu : Sintiku, Simada 1179c, 1179b (TAIF); Wutzushan, Kawakami 5991 (TAIF); Yangmei, Wang 4141, 4142; Kwanwu, Wang 4124; Kwanwu-Tzenshan, Wang 4752. Taichung : Chiliang, Kuo, Chuma & Chang 8834; Wuling farm, Wang 3895; Lishan,Wang 3050, Sentohei, Yasukawa s.n. Feb. 4, 1925 (TAIF). Nantou : Puli, Seki 104; Lushan. S. F. Huang s.n. Jan. 23, 1987; Hinokiyama, Kawakami & Nakahara s.n. Feb. 1906 (TAIF), Nakahara s.n. Feb. 1907 (Type of V. oblongo-sagittata var. violascens, TI!); Mt. Maiseiki, U. Mori 3565 (TAIF), 3566 (TAIF), s.n. Jan. 9, 1907 (TAIF); Musya-Santinozyo-Miharasi, Masamune, Mori & Nakamura 2031; Noko-Musya, Simada s.n. Mar. 7, 1918 (TAIF); Hogosya, Kanehira & Sasaki s.n. Mar. 9, 1918 (TAIF). Kaohsiung : Mt. Bui, Matuda s.n. Mar. 30, 1917 (TAIF); Tientsu, Jeng 2702. Pingtung : Nanjenhu, Chen s.n. Apr. 10, 1986. Ilan : Ssuyuan (Pianan-anbu), Huang 7308, S. Suzuki s.n. Oct. 23, 1928, Sasaki s.n. Oct. 9, 1930; 710 logging tract, Yang s.n. Mar. 4, 1987; 720 logging tract, Wang 5079, 5081, 5082, 5083, 5084, 5085, 5086, 5090, Yang s.n. Mar. 5, 1987; Ssuyuan-Nanshan, Wang 3504; Chilanshan, Wang 5029. Hualien : Lilong, Yasukawa s.n. Feb. 18, 1923 (TAIF). Taitung : Taisyo, Nakahara s.n. Jan. 1905 (TAIF); Hsinkangshan, Yamamoto 900; Chiakankei, Mori 4555 (TAIF); Mataianshi, Mori s.n. Apr. 20, 1909 (TAIF).

Himalayas, India, Ceylon, China, Japan, Indo-China, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, New Guinea, Australia, the Ryukyus, the Philippines.