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2. Adenia Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 77. 1775.
蒴莲属 shuo lian shu
Authors: Yinzheng Wang & David Hearn
Modecca Lamarck.
Plants herbaceous or woody vines, perennial, tendrillate, glabrous. Roots tuberous or fleshy. Stems terete; tendrils axillary, (minutely 3-forked or) simple. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate; stipules triangular, minute; petiole apex or blade base with 2 glands. Plants (monoecious or) dioecious. Inflorescences axillary, cymose-corymbose, pedunculate, few- to many flowered, tendrillate at center; bracts and bracteoles triangular, minute. Flowers yellowish or green, often red punctate, unisexual, with solid tissue (stipe) subtending hypanthium articulate at pedicel. Hypanthium narrowly to broadly cup-shaped. Sepals (calyx lobes) 5, partially connate into calyx tube, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, free, attached at hypanthium apex, greenish, creamy, or white, mostly smaller than sepals, included. Septa, when present, adnate with hypanthium and filaments or staminodes, dividing hypanthium into 5 sacs. Corona absent or a laciniate to membranous ring at apex of hypanthium. Disk glands 5 or absent, ligulate, truncate, inserted at or near base of hypanthium, alternating with petals. Male flower: stamens 5, hypogynous or perigynous, variably inserted in hypanthium; filaments free or partially connate into tube, often fused abaxially to septa; vestigial ovary present. Female flower with stamens reduced to subulate staminodes; ovary superior on gynophore, globose, with 3 parietal placentas; remnant stamen tube, if present, not adnate with gynophore; ovules numerous, anatropous; styles 3, free or partially fused; stigmas laciniate or plumose to densely woolly. Fruit a 3-valved capsule, bright red. Seeds with pitted testa, black at maturity, enclosed in fleshy aril.
About 100 species: Old World tropics and subtropics; three species in China.
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Plants herbaceous vines, with tuberous rootstock; mature stems at soil-level narrow, less than 1 cm in diam.; leaf with paired glands on peltate extension of blade base; flowers with calyx lobes 2-10 × as long as depth of hypanthium, hypanthium soft; corona usually present. |
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1 A. penangiana |
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Plants woody lianas, with fleshy rootstock, rarely tuberous; mature stems at soil-level thick, 2-8 cm or more in diam.; leaf with paired glands on auriculate extension at apex of petiole; flower with calyx lobes 0.2-1 × as long as depth of hypanthium; hypanthium fleshy, turgid, thick; corona absent |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Margins of mature leaves with irregularly spaced black-tipped glandular serrations, bases cordate; tertiary and secondary veins raised abaxially, distinctly trabeculate, veins from arcuate laterals parallel; exocarp hard-woody, mesocarp spongy, together 5-20 mm thick; elevation (800-)1000-2000 m. |
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2 A. cardiophylla |
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Margins of mature leaves entire or rarely serrate toward apex, bases variable, typically rounded; tertiary veins typically indistinct, veins from arcuate laterals with variable orientations; pericarp flexible-leathery externally and internally, 1-3 mm thick; elevation near sea level to 300(-1000) m. |
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3 A. heterophylla |
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Lower Taxa
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