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Prickly trees or shrubs (A. sect. Dimorphanthus (Miquel) Miquel) |
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(2) |
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Perennial herbs, unarmed (A. sect. Aralia) |
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(21) |
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| 2 (1) |
Ultimate inflorescence units heads; flowers sessile or subsessile. |
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1 A. dasyphylla |
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Ultimate inflorescence units umbels; flowers with a distinct pedicel |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaflet margins crenate (sometimes sparsely so) |
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(4) |
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Leaflet margins serrate, biserrate, or serrulate |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaflets glabrous. |
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2 A. bipinnata |
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Leaflets densely pubescent. |
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3 A. decaisneana |
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| 5 (3) |
Leaflets densely hirsute, leathery; inflorescence bracts and bracteoles abaxially densely hirsute; pedicels densely setose. |
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4 A. searelliana |
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Leaflets pubescent to rarely hirsute, appressed pubescent or glabrous, thinly papery to papery; if pedicels setose, leaflets less than 10 cm (A. spinifolia) |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaflets mostly 15-25 cm, strigose; inflorescence hirsute. |
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5 A. vietnamensis |
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Leaflets usually less than 15 cm, not strigose; inflorescence not hirsute |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves usually 3-pinnately compound (occasionally 2- or 4-pinnately compound) |
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(8) |
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Leaves 2-pinnately compound (occasionally 3-pinnately compound) |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Umbels 20-50-flowered; pedicels 8-25 mm; inflorescence bracts sometimes caducous at fruiting stage; fruit 4.5-5.5 mm in diam.. |
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8 A. armata |
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Umbels 7-15-flowered; pedicels 5-13 mm; inflorescence bracts persistent; fruit 3-3.5 mm in diam |
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7 A. foliolosa |
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| 9 (7) |
Leaves and inflorescence setose and prickly; prickles of two types (straight and slender; recurved and conic); pedicels setose and furfuraceous. |
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9 A. spinifolia |
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Leaves and inflorescence not setose; pedicels not setose and furfuraceous |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaflets abaxially green or yellowish green, pubescent, pilose, villous, or hirsute, cuticle striate |
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(11) |
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Leaflets abaxially glaucous or whitish green, often glabrous, sometimes pubescent; cuticle coronulate |
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(14) |
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| 11 (10) |
Inflorescence glabrous or pilose |
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(12) |
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Inflorescence densely pubescent to tomentose |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Umbels 20-50-flowered; leaflets 2.5-7.5 × 1-3.5 cm. |
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10 A. finlaysoniana |
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Umbels 10-15-flowered; leaflets 6-14.5 × 2.5-6.5 cm. |
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8 A. armata |
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| 13 (11) |
Umbels 20-50-flowered; pedicels 8-17 mm; leaflets basally subcordate to rounded. |
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6 A. chinensis |
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Umbels 8-25-flowered; pedicels 2-11 mm; leaflets basally rounded to obtuse. |
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12 A. thomsonii |
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| 14 (10) |
Leaves tomentose to canescent, at least pilose on veins or sometimes adaxially scabrous |
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(15) |
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Leaves glabrous |
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(17) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaves adaxially scabrous on veins, elsewhere glabrous. |
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13 A. scaberula |
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Leaves at least abaxially on veins tomentose to pilose |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Inflorescence with a primary axis 15-25 cm, longer than secondary axes; bracts 10-20 mm. |
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14 A. gintungensis |
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Inflorescence with a primary axis 2-5 cm, shorter than secondary axes; bracts 2-5 mm. |
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11 A. elata |
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| 17 (14) |
Stems with prickles needlelike and straight, or straplike and recurved |
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(18) |
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Stems with prickles conic and grayish |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Prickles needlelike and straight. |
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16 A. echinocaulis |
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Prickles straplike and recurved. |
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16 A. officinalis |
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| 19 (17) |
Inflorescence with a primary axis 5-20(-30) cm; leaflet margins undulate |
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17 A. undulata |
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Inflorescence with a primary axis longer than 35 cm; leaflet margin serrate |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Small shrubs, 1-2 m tall; leaflets membranous, 3-6 × 1.2-3 cm; styles free. |
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18 A. debilis |
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Shrubs or small trees, 2-10 m tall; leaflets papery to subleathery, 5-12 × 2.5-8 cm; styles united basally. |
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19 A. stipulata |
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| 21 (1) |
Inflorescences corymbose, primary axis to ca. 5 cm |
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(22) |
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Inflorescences paniculate, primary axis longer than 10 cm |
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(26) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaflets 1-3.5 × 1-2 cm; margin deeply incised. |
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20 A. apioides |
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Leaflets usually at least 3 × 2 cm, margin not incised |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Lateral petiolules 5-25 mm; leaflets sparsely setose-scabrous. |
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21 A. atropurpurea |
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Lateral petiolules 0-12 mm; leaflets strigose, villous or scabrous, not setose |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Both surfaces of leaflets white strigose on veins, abaxially gray; umbels 10-30-flowered. |
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22 A. yunnanensis |
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Both surfaces of leaflets sparsely scabrous or villous, abaxially green; umbels 3-20-flowered |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Both surfaces of leaflets villous on veins, apex caudate, margin crenate. |
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23 A. henryi |
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Both surfaces of leaflets sparsely scabrous, abaxially pubescent on veins, apex acuminate, margin serrate. |
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24 A. fargesii |
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| 26 (21) |
Leaflets broadly ovate, 2-4 × 2-4.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely white setose on veins, apex long acuminate; panicle sparsely branched, always with an axillary umbel at base. |
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25 A. melanocarpa |
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Leaflets obovate, elliptic-obovate, oblong-ovate, or ovate; panicle well branched |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Leaflets homomorphic (lateral and terminal leaflets similar in shape) |
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(28) |
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Leaves heteromorphic (lateral and terminal leaflets of noticeably different shapes) |
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(29) |
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| 28 (27) |
Leaflets 3-5 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces setose, densely so on veins, apex long acuminate; panicle compact, umbels corymbosely arranged. |
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26 A. kansuensis |
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Leaflets 4-15 × 3-9 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, apex acute; panicle sparsely branched, umbels racemosely arranged. |
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27 A. cordata |
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| 29 (27) |
Terminal leaflets obovate to elliptic-obovate; lateral leaflets oblong or elliptic to ovate, both surfaces gray pubescent; pedicels 5-6(-10) mm. |
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28 A. continentalis |
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Terminal leaflets oblong-ovate; lateral leaflets rhombic-oblong or cordate, both surfaces sparsely pubescent; pedicels 8-10 mm, slender. |
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29 A. tibetana |
