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19. Caesalpinia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 380. 1753.
云实属 yun shi shu
Authors: Dezhao Chen, Prof. Dianxiang Zhang & Ding Hou
Guilandina Linnaeus; Mezonevron Desfontaines.
Trees, shrubs, or climbers, usually with prickles. Leaves alternate, bipinnate; leaflets alternate or opposite, small or large. Inflorescences racemes or panicles, axillary or terminal. Flowers yellow or orange-yellow, medium-large or large. Receptacle concave. Sepals separate, imbricate, lowest one larger. Petals 5, often clawed, spreading, 4 usually orbicular, sometimes oblong, uppermost smaller, different in color, shape, and pubescence from others. Stamens 10, in 2 whorls; filaments thickened and hairy at bases; anthers ovoid or elliptic, dorsifixed and versatile. Ovary 1-7-ovuled; style terete; stigma truncate or hollow at center. Legume compressed or swollen, ovoid, oblong, or lanceolate, sometimes falcate, winged or not, smooth or spiny, leathery or woody, rarely fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds ovoid or globose; albumen absent.
About 100 species: pantropical distribution; 20 species (six endemic, two introduced) in China.
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Key based on flowering specimens
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| 1 |
Leaflets 2 pairs per pinna |
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(2) |
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Leaflets 3-30 pairs per pinna |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaflets glabrous. |
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18 C. yunnanensis |
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Leaflets abaxially hairy over whole surface or only on midvein |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaflets elliptic, 4.5-8 cm wide, apex rounded, rarely obtuse. |
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19 C. elliptifolia |
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Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. |
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6 C. sinensis |
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| 4 (1) |
Pedicels 4.5-7 cm; filaments 5-6 cm. |
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12 C. pulcherrima |
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Pedicels less than 4 cm; filaments less than 2 cm |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaflets 4-15 × 2.5-7 cm |
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(6) |
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Leaflets usually much smaller |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaflets with apex obtuse-rounded, or very obtuse, abaxially puberulent. |
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5 C. magnifoliolata |
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Leaflets with apex acuminate, abaxially glabrous. |
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15 C. cucullata |
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| 7 (5) |
Stipules large, leaflike, lobed, lobes up to 2 cm, leaflets pubescent on both surfaces. |
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1 C. bonduc |
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Stipules much smaller, not lobed, or absent |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaflets leathery |
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(9) |
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Leaflets papery or membranous |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Pinnae 8-16 pairs; leaflets usually ovate-lanceolate, 1.2-2.5 cm × 6-12 mm, abaxially sparsely velutinous, apex acute. |
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8 C. vernalis |
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Pinnae 2 or 3(or 4) pairs; leaflets ovate or elliptic, 3-6 × 1.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex obtuse-rounded. |
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7 C. crista |
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| 10 (8) |
Leaflets abaxially farinose-brown when dry. |
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9 C. caesia |
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Leaflets not as above |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs per pinna, slightly rhombic. |
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20 C. rhombifolia |
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Leaflets more pairs per pinna, usually oblong, rarely linear |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaflets linear. |
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14 C. tortuosa |
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Leaflets usually oblong |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Pedicels 3-4 cm. |
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11 C. decapetala |
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Pedicels much shorter, 1.2-2 cm |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Leaflets pilose, ferruginous hairy, or pubescent on both surfaces |
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(15) |
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Leaflets not as above |
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(17) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaflets 15-20 pairs per pinna. |
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4 C. millettii |
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Leaflets 5-9 pairs per pinna |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaflets 5 or 6 pairs per pinna, 15-20 × ca. 10 mm; ovary 5-7-ovuled. |
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17 C. hymenocarpa |
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Leaflets 7-9 pairs per pinna, 6-9 × ca. 3 mm; ovary 2-4-ovuled. |
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13 C. digyna |
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| 17 (14) |
Leaflets less than 1 cm, abaxially and marginally with bristles; ovary 1- or 2-ovuled. |
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3 C. mimosoides |
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Leaflets 1-4 cm, without bristles; ovary 3-8-ovuled |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaflets with apex shortly acuminate; petals white, tinged with purple spots, ca. 18 mm. |
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2 C. minax |
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Leaflets with apex retuse or obtuse-rounded; petals yellow, 8-9 mm |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaflets papery; upper petal with apex entire. |
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10 C. sappan |
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Leaflets membranous; upper petal with apex 2-lobed. |
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16 C. enneaphylla |
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List of Keys
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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