1	Leaves alternate		147 C. alternata
+	Leaves opposite, rarely fasciculate.		(2)
2 (1)	Stamens hairy.		(3)
+	Stamens glabrous; sepals spreading (ascending in C. fruticosa, C. huchouensis, C. nannophylla, and C. pinnata, erect in C. fasciculiflora and C. napaulensis).		(71)
3 (2)	Sepals spreading		88 C. liboensis
+	Sepals ascending or erect.		(4)
4 (3)	Sepals ascending.		(5)
+	Sepals erect		(24)
5 (4)	Flowers 1(--3), arising with leaves from axillary buds of previous year’s or older branches; petaloid staminodes present.		(6)
+	Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes, or solitary and terminal, arising from leaf axils or apex of current year’s branches; staminodes absent.		(10)
6 (5)	Leaves 2-ternate.		(7)
+	Leaves ternate, rarely pinnate.		(8)
7 (6)	Staminodes linear-spatulate, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals		145 C. sibirica
+	Staminodes (at least outer ones) narrowly lanceolate, nearly as long as sepals, sometimes inner ones linear-spatulate		146 C. macropetala
8 (6)	Leaves ternate or pinnate; sepals linear-lanceolate, abaxially velutinous, apex long acuminate		144 C. moisseenkoi
+	Leaves ternate; sepals oblong, narrowly elliptic, or ovate, abaxially puberulous, apex obtuse or subacute.		(9)
9 (8)	Branches glabrous; bud scales 1--2 cm; flowers solitary, ca. 3.5 cm in diam.; sepals 1.7--2 cm		142 C. koreana
+	Branches sparsely pubescent; bud scales 3--7 mm; flowers 1--3-fasciculate, 4--7 cm in diam.; sepals 3.6--4.5(--5) cm		143 C. iliensis
10 (5)	Leaves 1-pinnate or ternate; leaflet blades 3--7.5 cm wide; sepals white or blue; filaments linear		89 C. pinnata
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate; leaflet blades 0.5--4 cm wide; sepals yellow or tinged with purple; filaments linear-lanceolate.		(11)
11 (10)	Flowers solitary, terminal, sometimes also in axillary, 1--3-flowered cymes.		(12)
+	Flowers in axillary cymes, not terminal.		(18)
12 (11)	Shrublets dwarf, erect.		(13)
+	Vines woody.		(14)
13 (12)	Leaflet blades papery, margin ± densely denticulate; sepals adaxially glabrous		68 C. tangutica
+	Leaflet blades leathery, margin entire or 1- or 2-denticulate; sepals adaxially puberulous		70 C. pamiralaica
14 (12)	Sepals adaxially glabrous.		(15)
+	Sepals adaxially puberulous.		(16)
15 (14)	Leaflet blades papery, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, margin densely denticulate; sepals not corniculate at apex abaxially		68 C. tangutica
+	Leaflet blades leathery, glabrous, margin entire or sometimes 1-denticulate; sepals corniculate at apex abaxially		72 C. corniculata
16 (14)	Flowers solitary and terminal only, not in axillary cymes; sepals apically attenuate into a tail-like projection 3--6 mm		71 C. caudigera
+	Flowers solitary and terminal and also in axillary cymes; sepals apically acute or cuspidate, without a tail-like projection.		(17)
17 (16)	Leaflet blade margin ± densely dentate or denticulate		68 C. tangutica
+	Leaflet blade margin entire or 1- or 2-denticulate		69 C. tibetana
18 (11)	Sepals adaxially glabrous.		(19)
+	Sepals adaxially puberulous.		(21)
19 (18)	Leaflet blade margin crenate		75 C. akebioides
+	Leaflet blade margin entire or 1- or 2-denticulate.		(20)
20 (19)	Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, oblong, or narrowly ovate		76 C. glauca
+	Leaflet blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate		77 C. intricata
21 (18)	Leaflet blades gray-green		78 C. orientalis
+	Leaflet blades green or bluish green.		(22)
22 (21)	Leaflet blade margin entire or 1- or 2-denticulate		76 C. glauca
+	Leaflet blade margin dentate, denticulate, or serrate.		(23)
23 (22)	Leaflet blades ovate or broadly so, margin irregularly sparsely dentate; bracts ternate		73 C. zandaensis
+	Leaflet blades mainly lanceolate or narrowly ovate, margin densely serrate or denticulate; bracts simple, lanceolate or linear		74 C. serratifolia
24 (4)	Calyx tubular; stamens sparsely puberulous near apex of filaments; flowers polygamous.		(25)
+	Calyx campanulate; stamens ± densely villous on filaments, sometimes also on anthers, rarely pubescent; flowers bisexual.		(28)
25 (24)	Flowers solitary, terminal; leave pinnate and 5-foliolate or ternate		93 C. tsugetorum
+	Flowers in terminal or axillary, 5- to many-flowered cymes.		(26)
26 (25)	Leaves 2-ternate or pinnate		90 C. tatarinowii
+	Leaves ternate.		(27)
27 (26)	Leaflet blades adaxially appressed puberulous; peduncles and pedicels densely puberulous; anthers linear, 3.2--5 mm, apex apiculate, apiculus 0.2--0.5 mm		91 C. heracleifolia
+	Leaflet blades adaxially glabrous; peduncles and pedicels velutinous; anthers narrowly oblong, ca. 2.8 mm, apex minutely apiculate, apiculus ca. 0.1 mm		92 C. psilandra
28 (24)	Flowers 1--3, arising with 2 leaves from axillary buds of previous year’s or older branches.		(29)
+	Flowers usually arising from leaf axils or sometimes apex of current year’s branches.		(30)
29 (28)	Leaves ternate; sepals yellow		138 C. barbellata
+	Leaves 2-ternate; sepals reddish purple or dark purple		139 C. pseudopogonandra
30 (28)	Flowers solitary, axillary, pedicellate only, not pedunculate and 2-bracteate.		(31)
+	Flowers in axillary or terminal, usually pedunculate, 2-bracteate cymes, or solitary and terminal on current year’s branches.		(32)
31 (30)	Leaflet blades glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely puberulous only abaxially		136 C. pogonandra
+	Leaflet blades appressed puberulous on both surfaces		137 C. shenlungchiaensis
32 (30)	Sepals longitudinally narrowly 2- or 3-winged abaxially.		(33)
+	Sepals not winged abaxially.		(36)
33 (32)	Branches and leaves glabrous		134 C. pterantha
+	Branches and leaves ± hairy.		(34)
34 (33)	Branches erect, velutinous, hairs dense, spreading, short		132 C. pinchuanensis
+	Branches scandent (sometimes erect in C. ranunculoides), pubescent or puberulous.		(35)
35 (34)	Leaves simple, pentagonal, and 3-parted, or 1- or 2-ternate or pinnate, when leaflet blades ovate, broadly so, rhombic, or cordate, often 3-lobed, papery, margin usually dentate or denticulate		133 C. ranunculoides
+	Leaves ternate; leaflet blades oblong-oblanceolate, narrowly ovate, or narrowly elliptic, undivided, leathery, margin entire, sometimes 1-denticulate		135 C. yuanjiangensis
36 (32)	Shrublets erect or perennial herbs.		(37)
+	Vines woody or herbaceous.		(38)
37 (36)	Leaves sessile, simple		140 C. integrifolia
+	Leaves petiolate, compound		141 C. fusca
38 (36)	Leaves simple (sometimes ternate in C. henryi).		(39)
+	Leaves compound.		(44)
39 (38)	Anthers glabrous, apex obtuse.		(40)
+	Anthers abaxially pubescent, apex usually minutely apiculate.		(42)
40 (39)	Leaf blade narrowly ovate or lanceolate, margin minutely denticulate		103 C. henryi
+	Leaf blade broadly ovate, cordate-ovate, or suborbicular.		(41)
41 (40)	Leaf blade not reticulate, base rounded-cuneate or truncate, margin dentate		102 C. chiupehensis
+	Leaf blade reticulate on both surfaces, base cordate, margin entire		104 C. jingdungensis
42 (39)	Flowers solitary, terminal on current year’s branches, sometimes also in axillary, 1-flowered cymes		121 C. yui
+	Flowers in axillary, 1-flowered cymes only, not terminal.		(43)
43 (42)	Leaves all simple, papery or subleathery, base broadly cuneate, margin usually entire		122 C. kweichowensis
+	Leaves simple or sometimes ternate; leaf or leaflet blades papery, base subcordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate, margin sparsely dentate		123 C. repens
44 (38)	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate, 2-ternate, or 2--4-pinnatisect.		(45)
+	Leaves 1-ternate.		(54)
45 (44)	Leaves 2--4-pinnatisect		131 C. aethusifolia
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate or 2-ternate.		(46)
46 (45)	Leaflet blade margin entire.		(47)
+	Leaflet blade margin dentate.		(48)
47 (46)	Branches and leaves glabrous; sepals yellow, adaxially puberulous		126 C. hupehensis
+	Branches and leaves sparsely pubescent; sepals purple, adaxially glabrous		141 C. fusca
48 (46)	Petiole bases dilated and connate.		(49)
+	Petiole bases not or only slightly dilated, not connate.		(50)
49 (48)	Vines woody; connate petiole bases strongly dilated, forming a suborbicular, platelike structure; leaflet blades 3.5--7.5 cm wide; sepals yellowish		129 C. connata
+	Vines herbaceous; connate petiole bases moderately dilated, turgid, not forming a platelike structure; leaflet blades 1.4--3(--4.5) cm wide; sepals purple-red		130 C. lasiandra
50 (48)	Branches densely pubescent or velutinous.		(51)
+	Branches sparsely puberulous or subglabrous.		(52)
51 (50)	Leaflet blades abaxially densely (rarely sparsely) pubescent; cymes usually many flowered; sepals abaxially densely appressed puberulous		119 C. buchananiana
+	Leaflet blades abaxially velutinous; cymes usually 3-flowered; sepals abaxially velutinous		120 C. grewiiflora
52 (50)	Leaves 1-pinnate; sepals purple		127 C. dasyandra
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate; sepals yellow.		(53)
53 (52)	Leaflet blades lobed; cymes usually many flowered, paniclelike		128 C. rehderiana
+	Leaflet blades parted; cymes few flowered		131 C. aethusifolia
54 (44)	Anthers hairy.		(55)
+	Anther glabrous.		(60)
55 (54)	Branches densely pubescent; leaflet blades abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, margin dentate; cymes 6- to many flowered		118 C. rubifolia
+	Branches sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaflet blades glabrous or sparsely puberulous; cymes 1--3-flowered.		(56)
56 (55)	Sepals abaxially puberulous.		(57)
+	Sepals abaxially glabrous.		(58)
57 (56)	Leaflet blades lanceolate or narrowly ovate, margin entire or sparsely denticulate, apex attenuate or caudate-acuminate; sepals abaxially densely puberulous		115 C. morii
+	Leaflet blades ovate, margin irregularly dentate, apex acuminate; sepals abaxially sparsely puberulous only at base and apex		109 C. jinzhaiensis
58 (56)	Petiole bases strongly dilated and connate, forming a disklike structure		125 C. otophora
+	Petiole bases only slightly dilated, not forming a disklike structure.		(59)
59 (58)	Bracts sessile, linear or subulate, 3--10 mm; cymes 1-flowered		123 C. repens
+	Bracts petiolate, lanceolate or elliptic, 1--9 cm; cymes 1--3-flowered		124 C. pseudootophora
60 (54)	Sepals abaxially rusty velutinous		117 C. leschenaultiana
+	Sepals abaxially not velutinous.		(61)
61 (60)	Leaflet blades linear-lanceolate		114 C. yunnanensis
+	Leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, or broadly lanceolate.		(62)
62 (61)	Anther apex minutely apiculate, apiculus ca. 0.1 mm		116 C. hainanensis
+	Anther apex not apiculate.		(63)
63 (62)	Leaflets sessile or very shortly petiolulate; axillary cymes sessile		112 C. nukiangensis
+	Leaflets distinctly petiolulate; axillary cymes usually distinctly pedunculate (with short peduncles 2--4 mm in C. qingchengshanica and sometimes C. kockiana and C. urophylla).		(64)
64 (63)	Sepals glabrous on both surfaces, velutinous only at margin		110 C. clarkeana
+	Sepals ± puberulous abaxially, adaxially, or on both surfaces.		(65)
65 (64)	Leaflet blades not reticulate.		(66)
+	Leaflet blades finely reticulate.		(68)
66 (65)	Sepals ca. 2 × as long as stamens		106 C. urophylla
+	Sepals nearly as long as or slightly longer than stamens.		(67)
67 (66)	Leaflet blades narrowly ovate, margin regularly denticulate or serrate; pedicels slender, 0.8--1.2 mm in diam., puberulous		107 C. kockiana
+	Leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, margin minutely 3--5-denticulate; pedicels robust, ca. 2 mm in diam., yellowish velutinous		108 C. teretipes
68 (65)	Leaflet blades broadly lanceolate, apex long caudate		113 C. acuminata
+	Leaflet blades ovate or elliptic, apex acuminate.		(69)
69 (68)	Leaflet blades abaxially ± densely puberulous		104 C. jingdungensis
+	Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.		(70)
70 (69)	Axillary cymes 8- to many flowered, peduncle 4--5.5 cm; bracts linear, 4--7 mm		105 C. siamensis
+	Axillary cymes 1-flowered, peduncle 3--4 mm; bracts linear-triangular, ca. 2 mm		111 C. qingchengshanica
71 (2)	Shrublets erect, subshrubs, or perennial herbs.		(72)
+	Vines woody or herbaceous.		(81)
72 (71)	Sepals 4, yellow, ascending.		(73)
+	Sepals 4--8, white or tinged pinkish, spreading.		(76)
73 (72)	Leaves ovate, narrowly so, or lanceolate, undivided or variously divided.		(74)
+	Leaves linear, undivided, margin entire (1- or 2-denticulate proximally in C. tomentella).		(75)
74 (73)	Leaves undivided or lobed		64 C. fruticosa
+	Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, sometimes pinnatilobed		65 C. nannophylla
75 (73)	Leaves gray-green, appressed puberulous; flowers in a terminal, pedunculate, 1--3(--7)-flowered, 2-bracteate cyme; sepals 0.9--1.6 × 0.35--0.8 cm, abaxially puberulous		66 C. tomentella
+	Leaves green; flowers solitary, terminal on short, lateral branchlets, pedicellate only, not pedunculate and 2-bracteate; sepals 1.2--2.6 × 0.5--1.3 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous near apex		67 C. viridis
76 (72)	Leaves pinnatisect or pinnate.		(77)
+	Leaves simple, rarely ternate.		(78)
77 (76)	Herbs perennial; leaves pinnatisect, leathery, reticulate; sepals (4 or)5 or 6(--8)		63 C. hexapetala
+	Shrublets; leaves pinnate, papery, not reticulate; sepals 4--6		62 C. delavayi
78 (76)	Leaves ternate		60 C. lancifolia
+	Leaves simple.		(79)
79 (78)	Leaf blade cordate-pentagonal, palmately 5-lobed		3 C. acerifolia
+	Leaf blade lanceolate or linear, undivided or pinnatisect.		(80)
80 (79)	Leaves opposite only, undivided, margin entire; anthers 3.2--5.5 mm		60 C. lancifolia
+	Leaves both opposite and fasciculate, undivided or pinnatisect, margin dentate or entire; anthers 2--3 mm		61 C. songorica
81 (71)	Anther apex conspicuously apiculate, apiculus (0.4--)1 mm or more.		(82)
+	Anther apex not apiculate or minutely apiculate, apiculus ca. 0.1 mm.		(90)
82 (81)	Leaves simple.		(83)
+	Leaves ternate or pinnate.		(85)
83 (82)	Leaf blade reticulate on both surfaces; sepals 6, both surfaces velutinous		81 C. fulvicoma
+	Leaf blade abaxially slightly reticulate, adaxially with flat veins; sepals 4 or 5, adaxially glabrous.		(84)
84 (83)	Pedicel rusty puberulous; sepals 4 or 5, purple; staminodes absent		79 C. smilacifolia
+	Pedicel glabrous; sepals 4, yellow; staminodes present, linear		80 C. metuoensis
85 (82)	Leaves ternate.		(86)
+	Leaves pinnate.		(87)
86 (85)	Leaflet blades leathery; sepals purple; staminodes absent		82 C. crassipes
+	Leaflet blades papery; sepals white; staminodes present, linear		87 C. loureiroana
87 (85)	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate; anther apiculus ca. 0.4 mm		83 C. menglaensis
+	Leaves 1-pinnate; anther apiculus 0.5--2.8 mm.		(88)
88 (87)	Petiole base not dilated; leaflet blade base usually broadly cuneate; sepals 4, yellow; anther apiculus 2.2--2.8 mm		84 C. pianmaensis
+	Petiole base dilated into stipulelike projections; leaflet blade base rounded or subcordate; sepals white or dark purple; anther apiculus 0.5--1 mm.		(89)
89 (88)	Branches and petiolar stipulelike projections furfuraceous; leaves 7-foliolate; sepals 4, white		85 C. fengii
+	Branches and petiolar stipulelike projections not furfuraceous; leaves 5-foliolate; sepals 4--6, dark purple		86 C. tashiroi
90 (81)	Flowers arising from axillary buds of old branches, base of pedicel or peduncle surrounded by persistent bud scales.		(91)
+	Flowers in axillary or terminal, pedunculate cymes, or pedicellate only and arising from leaf axils or apex of current year’s branches, or solitary and terminal on current year’s branches.		(107)
91 (90)	Flowers in pedunculate and 2-bracteate or involucrate cymes.		(92)
+	Flowers pedicellate only, peduncles and bracts absent.		(95)
92 (91)	Flowers in 1-flowered cymes with cupular, 2-lobed involucres; sepals erect		16 C. napaulensis
+	Flowers in often paniclelike, (1 to)many-flowered, 2-bracteate cymes; sepals spreading.		(93)
93 (92)	Leaves pinnate or ternate, leaflet blades narrowly lanceolate		59 C. zygophylla
+	Leaves ternate, leaflet blades ovate.		(94)
94 (93)	Bud scales 5--12 mm; leaflet blades reticulate on both surfaces; sepals yellow; anthers 2.5--2.8 mm		57 C. lingyunensis
+	Bud scales 8--20 mm; leaflet blades not reticulate; sepals white or pinkish; anthers 3--4.5 mm		58 C. armandii
95 (91)	Sepals 6		14 C. glabrifolia
+	Sepals 4.		(96)
96 (95)	Pedicels 0.5--2.4 cm; sepals erect; achenes lanceolate		15 C. fasciculiflora
+	Pedicels usually more than 3 cm; sepals spreading; achenes ovate or elliptic.		(97)
97 (96)	Leaves mostly pinnate.		(98)
+	Leaves ternate.		(99)
98 (97)	Leaflet blades papery or herbaceous, ± hairy, margin denticulate; sepals obovate or oblong; ovaries glabrous		5 C. gracilifolia
+	Leaflet blades thinly leathery, glabrous, margin entire; sepals oblanceolate; ovaries pubescent		13 C. hastata
99 (97)	Terminal leaflet 3-parted.		(100)
+	Terminal leaflet undivided, 3-lobulate, or 3-lobed.		(101)
100 (99)	Leaflet blades adaxially glabrous; sepals purple-red, obovate or narrowly so, 8--13.5 mm wide; ovaries glabrous		6 C. ningjingshanica
+	Leaflet blades adaxially puberulous; sepals oblong or obovate-oblong, 4--6 mm wide; ovaries pubescent		9 C. tripartita
101 (99)	Sepals adaxially appressed puberulous		10 C. tongluensis
+	Sepals adaxially glabrous.		(102)
102 (101)	Leaflet blades lanceolate, undivided, margin usually entire, rarely 1- or 2-denticulate		8 C. venusta
+	Leaflet blades ovate or narrowly so, undivided, 2- or 3-lobulate or 2- or 3-lobed, margin dentate.		(103)
103 (102)	Sepals ovate-oblong, abaxially with a very narrow, velutinous strip at margin, apex attenuate and shortly cuspidate		11 C. wenshanensis
+	Sepals obovate or narrowly so, abaxially without a velutinous strip at margin, apex rounded or obtuse.		(104)
104 (103)	Ovaries and achenes glabrous		4 C. montana
+	Ovaries and achenes puberulous.		(105)
105 (104)	Leaflet blades yellow pubescent		7 C. chrysocoma
+	Leaflet blades white puberulous.		(106)
106 (105)	Leaflet blades 1.8--6 × 1.5--3 cm; pedicels 4--9 cm; sepals 1.5--2.5 × 1--1.4 cm		4 C. montana
+	Leaflet blades 5--12 × 3--5 cm; pedicels 10--16.5 cm; sepals 2.5--3.4 × 1.5--2.5 cm		4 C. montana
107 (90)	Sepals ascending.		(108)
+	Sepals spreading.		(109)
108 (107)	Leaflet blades (2.5--)5--12 × (1.5--)3--7.5 cm, margin dentate; axillary cymes 5- to many flowered; style villous		89 C. pinnata
+	Leaflet blades 1--5 × 0.7--3 cm, margin entire; axillary cymes (1--)3-flowered; style pubescent		101 C. huchouensis
109 (107)	Flowers 4--16 cm in diam.		(110)
+	Flowers less than 4 cm in diam.		(126)
110 (109)	Flowers solitary, terminal.		(111)
+	Flowers in axillary, pedunculate, 1(--4)-flowered, 2-bracteate cymes, or pedicellate only, 1 or 2 arising from leaf axils or apex of current year’s branches (if terminal, then not solitary).		(112)
111 (110)	Leaf or leaflet blades abaxially velutinous or densely puberulous; sepals (5 or)6, purplish		94 C. lanuginosa
+	Leaf or leaflet blades abaxially sparsely puberulous on veins; sepals 5--8, white or yellowish white		95 C. patens
112 (110)	Filaments rugose		39 C. crassifolia
+	Filaments not rugose.		(113)
113 (112)	Anthers oblong or narrowly so.		(114)
+	Anthers linear or narrowly so (sometimes narrowly oblong in C. florida); cymes axillary, 1-flowered.		(120)
114 (113)	Leaflet blade margin dentate or serrate.		(115)
+	Leaflet blade margin entire.		(117)
115 (114)	Sepals 4; anthers 1--1.5 mm		35 C. parviloba
+	Sepals 5 or 6(or 7); anthers 2--3 mm.		(116)
116 (115)	Leaves ternate; axillary cymes 1-flowered, peduncle 3--4 cm, pedicels 1--1.5 cm; sepals 6, linear-lanceolate, abaxially densely covered with hairs 1.6--3 mm		38 C. baominiana
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate; axillary cymes (1--)3(or 4)-flowered, peduncle 5.5--15 cm, pedicels 3--9.8 cm; sepals 5 or 6(or 7), obovate, abaxially densely covered with hairs ca. 0.3 mm		2 C. potaninii
117 (114)	Plants turning black on drying.		(118)
+	Plants not turning black on drying.		(119)
118 (117)	Leaves ternate, leaflet blades leathery; axillary cymes 1-flowered		19 C. mashanensis
+	Leaves 2-ternate or pinnate, leaflet blades papery; axillary cymes (1--)3--9-flowered		35 C. parviloba
119 (117)	Leaflet blades ovate, papery, abaxially densely puberulous		47 C. shensiensis
+	Leaflet blades linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, papery or thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous		48 C. quinquefoliolata
120 (113)	Sepals 4.		(121)
+	Sepals 5 or 6 (occasionally 4 in C. longistyla).		(123)
121 (120)	Leaves ternate; flowers axillary, pedicellate only		12 C. laxistrigosa
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate, rarely ternate; flowers in axillary, pedunculate, 1(--4)-flowered, 2-bracteate cymes.		(122)
122 (121)	Bracts lanceolate, 2--2.2 × 0.5--0.6 cm; sepals yellowish white; anthers linear, 2.8--3 mm		35 C. parviloba
+	Bracts broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 2--4 × 1.8--2.8 cm; sepals purple-red; anthers narrowly linear, 6--7.2 mm		96 C. hancockiana
123 (120)	Style appressed puberulous, not elongated after anthesis		100 C. cadmia
+	Style villous or spreading pubescent, elongated and ± plumose after anthesis.		(124)
124 (123)	Style ca. 3.5 mm, pubescent proximally, glabrous distally, after anthesis elongated to ca. 8 mm, spreading pubescent		99 C. florida
+	Style 4--7.5 mm, densely villous, after anthesis elongated to 12--30 mm, plumose.		(125)
125 (124)	Style glabrous above middle		97 C. longistyla
+	Style densely villous from base to near apex		98 C. courtoisii
126 (109)	Filaments rugose		39 C. crassifolia
+	Filaments not rugose.		(127)
127 (126)	Achenes subulate-terete		56 C. uncinata
+	Achenes ± bilaterally compressed, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate.		(128)
128 (127)	Leaves ternate, rarely simple.		(129)
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate or 2-ternate, sometimes distal leaves 1-ternate.		(144)
129 (128)	Anthers oblong or narrowly so, 0.8--2 mm, apex obtuse, rarely minutely apiculate.		(130)
+	Anthers linear, narrowly oblong, or rarely oblong, 2.5--6.5 mm, apex often minutely apiculate.		(135)
130 (129)	Sepals adaxially puberulous.		(131)
+	Sepals adaxially glabrous.		(132)
131 (130)	Leaflet blade margin dentate; axillary cymes 7- to many flowered; anthers 1.5--1.8 mm; style 4--6 mm		18 C. apiifolia
+	Leaflet blade margin entire, rarely sparsely denticulate; axillary cymes 1--3-flowered; anthers 2--2.6 mm; style 7--9 mm		23 C. vaniotii
132 (130)	Axillary cymes 1-flowered; anther apex minutely apiculate		20 C. tenuipes
+	Axillary cymes 3- to many flowered; anther apex not apiculate.		(133)
133 (132)	Leaflet blades lanceolate or narrowly ovate		22 C. formosana
+	Leaflet blades ovate.		(134)
134 (133)	Leaflet blade margin denticulate or entire; cymes 3--7-flowered; style ca. 6 mm, pubescent proximally, puberulous near middle, not elongated after anthesis		17 C. tinghuensis
+	Leaflet blade margin entire; cymes many flowered; style ca. 5 mm, densely villous, after anthesis strongly elongated to ca. 3.5 cm		21 C. burmanica
135 (129)	Leaflet blades abaxially densely puberulous		47 C. shensiensis
+	Leaf or leaflet blades abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous.		(136)
136 (135)	Leaves simple, rarely ternate.		(137)
+	Leaves ternate.		(138)
137 (136)	Petioles 1.5--2 cm; peduncles 10--18 cm; sepals abaxially glabrous; anthers linear, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse		40 C. xinhuiensis
+	Petioles 3--6 cm; peduncles ca. 7 cm; sepals abaxially puberulous; anthers narrowly oblong, 3--3.2 mm, apex minutely apiculate		45 C. chekiangensis
138 (136)	Sepals 2.2--2.6 cm; anthers narrowly oblong, 2.5--3 mm		19 C. mashanensis
+	Sepals 0.8--1.3 cm; anthers linear, rarely narrowly oblong, 3--6.5 mm.		(139)
139 (138)	Axillary cymes (1--)3--7-flowered.		(140)
+	Axillary cymes paniclelike, many flowered.		(141)
140 (139)	Axillary cymes 1-flowered, with 1 or 2 pairs of bracteoles		44 C. meyeniana
+	Axillary cymes usually 3--7-flowered, or 1-flowered but then without bracteoles		46 C. finetiana
141 (139)	Leaflet blades not reticulate.		(142)
+	Leaflet blades reticulate on both surfaces.		(143)
142 (141)	Leaflet blades narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, to 8.8 × 3.4 cm, thinly papery, apex attenuate or long acuminate; anther apex obtuse, rarely minutely apiculate		43 C. sinii
+	Leaflet blades ovate or oblong-ovate, to 14 × 9 cm, subleathery or thickly papery, apex acute or acuminate; anther apex minutely apiculate		44 C. meyeniana
143 (141)	Branch nodes and base and apex of petioles and peduncles densely furfuraceous, elsewhere glabrous; leaflet blades leathery		41 C. napoensis
+	Branch nodes, petioles, and peduncles puberulous, not furfuraceous; leaflet blades papery		42 C. jialasaensis
144 (128)	Anthers linear or narrowly oblong, more than 2 mm, apex often minutely apiculate.		(145)
+	Anthers oblong or narrowly so, 1--2 mm, apex obtuse, rarely minutely apiculate.		(157)
145 (144)	Leaflet blades conspicuously reticulate on both surfaces.		(146)
+	Leaflet blades not reticulate.		(148)
146 (145)	Petiole base strongly dilated; sepals 5 or 6(or 7); anthers 3.5--4 mm, apex minutely apiculate		55 C. dilatata
+	Petiole base not dilated; sepals 4(--6); anthers (1.5--)2--3(--3.2) mm, apex obtuse, rarely minutely apiculate.		(147)
147 (146)	Plants not or occasionally turning black on drying; leaves 1-pinnate, leaflet blades often ovate or narrowly so, to 4.5 cm wide		52 C. pashanensis
+	Plants turning black on drying; leaves 2-pinnate, sometimes 1-pinnate, leaflet blades often oblong or elliptic, to 2.8 cm wide		53 C. kirilowii
148 (145)	Leaves 2-pinnate or 2-ternate.		(149)
+	Leaves 1-pinnate.		(151)
149 (148)	Plants not turning black on drying; sepals obovate		2 C. potaninii
+	Plants turning black on drying; sepals oblong, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate.		(150)
150 (149)	Sepals 4; anthers narrowly oblong, 2.2--2.5 mm, apex obtuse		35 C. parviloba
+	Sepals (4 or)5 or 6(or 7); anthers linear, 3.8--4.5 mm, apex minutely apiculate		54 C. obscura
151 (148)	Sepals adaxially densely puberulous		23 C. vaniotii
+	Sepals adaxially glabrous.		(152)
152 (151)	Leaflet blades abaxially densely puberulous		47 C. shensiensis
+	Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous.		(153)
153 (152)	Axillary cymes paniclelike, many flowered.		(154)
+	Axillary cymes 1--5(--7)-flowered.		(155)
154 (153)	Achenes strongly compressed, distinctly marginate; plants not turning black on drying		50 C. terniflora
+	Achenes not strongly compressed, not marginate; plants turning black on drying		49 C. chinensis
155 (153)	Leaflet blades linear-lanceolate or lanceolate		48 C. quinquefoliolata
+	Leaflet blades ovate.		(156)
156 (155)	Leaflet blades papery, sparsely puberulous; sepals 4		49 C. chinensis
+	Leaflet blades subleathery, glabrous; sepals (5 or)6		51 C. akoensis
157 (144)	Leaflet blades leathery, both surfaces reticulate.		(158)
+	Leaflet blades papery, rarely thinly leathery, not reticulate.		(159)
158 (157)	Leaves 1-pinnate		52 C. pashanensis
+	Leaves 2-pinnate		53 C. kirilowii
159 (157)	Achenes lanceolate or fusiform, apex ± tapering.		(160)
+	Achenes ovate or elliptic, apex acute, not tapering.		(162)
160 (159)	Leaves pinnate or 1- or 2-ternate, leaflet blade margin dentate		31 C. javana
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate, leaflet blade margin entire, rarely 1-dentate.		(161)
161 (160)	Leaves 1-pinnate, leaflet blades glabrous or sparsely puberulous only on midvein		29 C. gouriana
+	Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate; leaflet blades abaxially densely puberulous		32 C. subumbellata
162 (159)	Leaves usually 2-pinnate or 2-ternate.		(163)
+	Leaves 1-pinnate.		(169)
163 (162)	Sepals 5 or 6(or 7), obovate		2 C. potaninii
+	Sepals 4, oblong or narrowly so.		(164)
164 (163)	Achenes strongly compressed, with conspicuous, winglike margin		37 C. puberula
+	Achenes moderately compressed, without winglike margin.		(165)
165 (164)	Bracteoles subulate, small		33 C. brevicaudata
+	Bracteoles ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, conspicuous.		(166)
166 (165)	Sepals adaxially sparsely puberulous		36 C. tamurae
+	Sepals adaxially glabrous.		(167)
167 (166)	Sepal apex truncate		28 C. peterae
+	Sepal apex not truncate.		(168)
168 (167)	Sepals thinly membranous, apex subacute		35 C. parviloba
+	Sepals thickly papery, apex rounded or obtuse		34 C. wissmanniana
169 (162)	Leaflet blades linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, glabrous		48 C. quinquefoliolata
+	Leaflet blades ovate or elliptic.		(170)
170 (169)	Sepals adaxially densely puberulous		23 C. vaniotii
+	Sepals adaxially glabrous (sparsely puberulous in C. grandidentata and C. peterae).		(171)
171 (170)	Axillary cymes 1-flowered; sepals ovate		1 C. brevipes
+	Axillary cymes several to many flowered; sepals oblong or narrowly so.		(172)
172 (171)	Achenes marginate		50 C. terniflora
+	Achenes not marginate.		(173)
173 (172)	Achenes 5--8 mm.		(174)
+	Achenes 2--4 mm.		(175)
174 (173)	Sepals 4(--6), 1.3--2.4 cm		47 C. shensiensis
+	Sepals 4, 0.6--1.3 cm		49 C. chinensis
175 (173)	Axillary cymes 3--6-flowered; sepals 10--15 mm		25 C. grandidentata
+	Axillary cymes usually many flowered; sepals 6--10 mm.		(176)
176 (175)	Bracteoles ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, conspicuous; leaflet blades adaxially densely puberulous		24 C. gratopsis
+	Bracteoles subulate or linear, small, sometimes absent.		(177)
177 (176)	Leaflet blades 3.5--7 cm wide, adaxially strigose.		(178)
+	Leaflet blades 0.9--4.6 cm wide, adaxially puberulous.		(179)
178 (177)	Leaflet blade margin sparsely dentate		26 C. chingii
+	Leaflet blade margin entire		27 C. tsaii
179 (177)	Leaflet blades usually undivided, adaxially sparsely puberulous, base usually rounded, margin often entire or sparsely dentate		28 C. peterae
+	Leaflet blades often 3-lobed, adaxially densely puberulous, base usually cordate or subcordate, margin incised dentate or incised denticulate		30 C. grata