| 1 |
Leaves 3 or more, glabrous or hairy |
|
(2) |
| + |
Leaves 1 or 2, in former case, bract subtending flower leaflike |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Staminodes subligulate to linear-oblong, conspicuously narrower than stigma |
|
(3) |
| + |
Staminodes usually elliptic to ovate, ca. as wide as or wider than stigma |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Plants more than 100 cm tall, with 9 or 10 leaves; inflorescence with many flowers; flowers yellow with purple spots on lip. |
|
1 C. subtropicum |
| + |
Plants 10-20 cm tall, with 2 or 3 leaves; inflorescence reduced to 1 or 2 flowers; flowers white with purple spots on lip. |
|
2 C. wardii |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (2) |
Flowers with 2 lateral sepals completely separate; lip obconic, pointed at apex, pubescent around mouth. |
|
19 C. plectrochilum |
| + |
Flowers with 2 lateral sepals connate to different degrees into 1 synsepal; lip never obconic, glabrous around mouth |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Petals shorter than dorsal sepal, suboblong, apex obtuse; flowers yellow, sometimes with red spots. |
|
3 C. flavum |
| + |
Petals usually longer than dorsal sepal, attenuate toward apex, apex acute or acuminate; flowers variously colored |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (5) |
Ovary pubescent or glabrous, never glandular hairy; flowers pink, red, purple, or dark purple, rarely white |
|
(7) |
| + |
Ovary glandular pubescent; flowers yellow, green, or white, sometimes with maroon sepals and petals or purple-veined sepals and petals |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Ovary densely hairy or villous |
|
(8) |
| + |
Ovary glabrous, sparsely hairy or hairy only along ribs |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Stem densely villous, especially in upper part; dorsal sepal 4-5.5 cm; lip with a smooth rim. |
|
17 C. franchetii |
| + |
Stem sparsely pubescent; dorsal sepal 2.4-2.7 cm; lip with a toothed rim. |
|
18 C. himalaicum |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (7) |
Lip 2.2-3.2 cm; petals 2.2-3.2 cm |
|
(10) |
| + |
Lip 3.5-6 cm; petals 3.5-6.5 cm |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Ovary glabrous or slightly pubescent in upper half; synsepal much narrower than dorsal sepal; flowers usually pink to purplish red. |
|
12 C. yunnanense |
| + |
Ovary pubescent at least along ribs; synsepal slightly narrower than dorsal sepal; flowers purple-red. |
|
13 C. taibaiense |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (9) |
Flowers red, pink, or occasionally white, not becoming dark purple when dried; petals with inconspicuous veins; staminodes not carinate abaxially. |
|
11 C. macranthos |
| + |
Flowers dark purple to deep red, becoming dark purple when dried; petals with very conspicuous veins; staminodes carinate abaxially |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Lip with a white-margined rim to its mouth, lacking translucent "windows" on back. |
|
15 C. tibeticum |
| + |
Lip without a white-margined rim to its mouth, with translucent "windows" on back. |
|
16 C. calcicola |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (6) |
Staminodes not stalked at base; petals usually nearly as long as lip, mostly not twisted; flower usually solitary |
|
(14) |
| + |
Staminodes stalked at base; petals longer than lip, often twisted; flowers 1-3 |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Flowers greenish yellow; sepals and petals without maroon stripes or spots, glabrous abaxially; mouth of lip not grooved-toothed along margin. |
|
14 C. ludlowii |
| + |
Flowers greenish yellow to yellow, marked with maroon stripes or spots on sepals and petals; mouth of lip slightly edged by teeth or grooved-toothed along margin |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Lip 5-7 cm; staminode 1.5-2 cm. |
|
9 C. fasciolatum |
| + |
Lip 1.6-4 cm; staminode 6-10 mm. |
|
10 C. farreri |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (13) |
Lip pure white; sepals green. |
|
8 C. cordigerum |
| + |
Lip not pure white; sepals maroon, yellow, or green, sometimes veined with purple |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Sepals and petals maroon, quite different in color from yellow lip. |
|
4 C. calceolus |
| + |
Sepals and petals similar in color to lip |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (17) |
Flowers bronze-brown to purplish brown. |
|
7 C. shanxiense |
| + |
Flowers green or yellow |
|
(19) |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (18) |
Flowers often 2 or 3, greenish to green; petals nearly 2 × as long as lip. |
|
5 C. henryi |
| + |
Flowers often solitary, yellowish to yellow; petals not 2 × as long as lip; lip sometimes red spotted. |
|
6 C. segawae |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (1) |
Leaves 2, subopposite, quite distinct in size from bract subtending flower; leaves never spotted with blackish purple; pedicel not elongating after fertilization of flower |
|
(21) |
| + |
Leaf solitary, often prostrate on ground; bract leaflike and also often prostrate; both sometimes spotted with blackish purple; pedicel elongating after fertilization of flower |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (20) |
Leaves fan-shaped, with many radiating veins ending at margin of apical half |
|
(22) |
| + |
Leaves cordate to elliptic, with subparallel, arcuate, or 3-5 prominent veins ending at their apex |
|
(23) |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (21) |
Stem below leaves brown tomentose; sepals and petals greenish yellow; lip strongly grooved-margined around mouth. |
|
20 C. japonicum |
| + |
Stem below leaves glabrous or puberulent; sepals and petals whitish or pinkish; lip slightly grooved-margined around mouth. |
|
21 C. formosanum |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (21) |
Leaves alternate; rhizome slender, elongate; petals usually subspatulate or pandurate, rounded at apex; lip pitcher-shaped, without an incurved apical margin. |
|
22 C. guttatum |
| + |
Leaves ± opposite; stems clustered; lip with incurved margin |
|
(24) |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (23) |
Peduncle (above leaves) and ovary glabrous. |
|
23 C. debile |
| + |
Peduncle (above leaves) and ovary hairy |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (24) |
Flowers plum-purple; stem below leaves glabrous; leaves not ciliate; dorsal sepal lanceolate, 3-4 mm wide. |
|
24 C. palangshanense |
| + |
Flowers green, sometimes marked with purple; stem below leaves densely villous; leaves ciliate; dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, 6-10 mm wide. |
|
25 C. elegans |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (20) |
Leaf blade 2.5-6 cm wide; plants with slender rhizomes underground |
|
(27) |
| + |
Leaf blade 6.5-16 cm wide; plants with stout and short rhizomes underground |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Leaves with dark purple or black spots adaxially. |
|
28 C. forrestii |
| + |
Leaves without dark purple or black spots |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Sepals glabrous. |
|
26 C. bardolphianum |
| + |
Sepals densely villous abaxially. |
|
27 C. micranthum |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (26) |
Stem to 10 cm; leaf and bract not prostrate on substrate; staminode wider than long. |
|
36 C. wumengense |
| + |
Stem 2.5-7 cm; leaf and bract prostrate on substrate; staminode longer than wide |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (29) |
Petals glabrous abaxially. |
|
30 C. sichuanense |
| + |
Petals ± hairy abaxially |
|
(31) |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (30) |
Petals nearly 2 × as long as lip. |
|
33 C. lentiginosum |
| + |
Petals shorter, ca. as long as or longer than, but not 2 × as long as, lip |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (31) |
Petals densely white villous on upper side of abaxial surface, densely marked with small maroon spots. |
|
35 C. fargesii |
| + |
Petals ± pubescent or purple hairy on upper side of abaxial surface, marked with maroon spots or stripes |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Dorsal sepal yellowish, distinctly marked with longitudinal maroon stripes, shortly hairy on abaxial veins. |
|
29 C. margaritaceum |
| + |
Dorsal sepal liver-colored or greenish, without longitudinal maroon stripes, glabrous abaxially |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (33) |
Dorsal sepal yellowish green; petals 2.4-2.8 cm wide, ca. as long as or slightly longer than lip. |
|
31 C. daweishanense |
| + |
Dorsal sepal liver-colored; petals 1.4-2.1 cm wide, obviously longer than lip |
|
(35) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (34) |
Leaf blade not similar in color to petals and lip; dorsal sepal 3.8-6 cm wide. |
|
32 C. lichiangense |
| + |
Leaf blade often similar in color to petals and lip; dorsal sepal 2.5-2.8 cm wide. |
|
34 C. malipoense |
