1	Bracts lanceolate, subulate or linear.		(2)
+	Bracts flabellate, subcircular, or ± broadly ovate.		(17)
2 (1)	Abaxial surface of leaves white tomentose, sometimes yellowish tomentose when dry, different in color from adaxial surface.		(3)
+	Abaxial surface of leaves glabrous or hairy, of same color as adaxial surface.		(4)
3 (2)	Leaves long petiolate, elliptic to rhombic-ovate, adaxially finely corrugate, obtusely serrate; verticillasters pedunculate, loosely capitate on basal part of spikes; corolla white, sometimes purple or yellowish		1 Elsholtzia rugulosa
+	Leaves subsessile or short petiolate, lanceolate or oblanceolate, adaxially not finely corrugate, serrulate above base; verticillasters sessile, capitate; corolla white to green-yellow		2 Elsholtzia myosurus
4 (2)	Abaxial surface of leaves glabrous or puberulent on veins.		(5)
+	Abaxial surfaces of leaves variously hairy.		(7)
5 (4)	Lower verticillasters widely spaced; flowers pendulous when open; calyx glabrous outside		11 Elsholtzia penduliflora
+	Verticillasters continuous; flowers not pendulous when open; calyx tomentose outside.		(6)
6 (5)	Spikes ± secund; corolla ca. 9 mm, rose-purple; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate		7 Elsholtzia stauntonii
+	Spikes cylindric; corolla ca. 4 mm, white; leaves rhombic-lanceolate		4 Elsholtzia glabra
7 (4)	Shrubs or subshrubs; corolla white or yellow.		(8)
+	Herbs; corolla mostly purple-red, rarely white.		(12)
8 (7)	Inflorescences capitate; leaves elliptic-oblong to oblong, 0.8-2 cm × 2-5 mm, densely floccose-pubescent, shallowly crenate above base		9 Elsholtzia capituligera
+	Inflorescences spicate; leaves larger than 2 cm × 5 mm, coarsely dentate.		(9)
9 (8)	Spikes ± secund, loose; bracts subulate to lanceolate-subulate		14 Elsholtzia blanda
+	Spikes cylindric, compact; bracts lanceolate.		(10)
10 (9)	Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, coarsely serrate, apex acuminate		3 Elsholtzia fruticosa
+	Leaves ovate to oblong, crenate to crenate-serrate, apex acute.		(11)
11 (10)	Bracts conspicuous; calyx densely lanate-pilose outside; leaves subsessile		5 Elsholtzia eriocalyx
+	Bracts inconspicuous; calyx yellowish white tomentose outside; leaves petiolate		6 Elsholtzia ochroleuca
12 (7)	Inflorescences capitate, loose; annual diffuse herbs		12 Elsholtzia cephalantha
+	Inflorescences spicate, compact; erect herbs (except E. pilosa).		(13)
13 (12)	Inflorescences terminal, axillary; corolla white		8 Elsholtzia winitiana
+	Inflorescences inserted on stem and branch apices; corolla rose-purple or purple.		(14)
14 (13)	Plants pilose-hispid; bracts densely, rigid, spreading white ciliate		13 Elsholtzia pilosa
+	Plants pubescent; bracts pubescent or pilose.		(15)
15 (14)	Spikes 5(-8) mm in diam. in flower; leaves rhombic-ovate, incised-serrate above base, adaxially sparsely pubescent		15 Elsholtzia stachyodes
+	Spikes 8-10 mm in diam. in flower; leaves ovate to oblong, serrate to crenate, adaxially puberulent or villous.		(16)
16 (15)	Plants with strong citral fragrance; calyx apex conspicuously curved forward after anthesis, densely lanate-villous; cultivated species, rarely naturalized		16 Elsholtzia communis
+	Plants without citral fragrance; calyx apex straight curved forward, densely pubescent; native species		17 Elsholtzia cyprianii
17 (1)	Leaves broadly ovate to subcircular, 8-15 cm		10 Elsholtzia flava
+	Leaves not broadly ovate or subcircular, 0.5-12 cm.		(18)
18 (17)	Bracts united into a cup at each node, densely overlapping.		(19)
+	Bracts free.		(22)
19 (18)	Spikes cylindric, not secund		20 Elsholtzia strobilifera
+	Spikes secund.		(20)
20 (19)	Corolla white to yellowish; bract with numerous, irregular subulate teeth (entire or 1- or 2-toothed in var. holostegia)		23 Elsholtzia luteola
+	Corolla rose-purple; bracts 1-mucronate.		(21)
21 (20)	Stems straight, unbranched or few branched on upper part, with slender, basal stolons; leaves heteromorphic		21 Elsholtzia heterophylla
+	Stems prostrate, ascending, base branched, sometimes with numerous short stolons; leaves not heteromorphic		22 Elsholtzia bodinieri
22 (18)	Spikes cylindric.		(23)
+	Spikes secund.		(27)
23 (22)	Spikes interrupted at base at anthesis.		(24)
+	Spikes not interrupted at base.		(25)
24 (23)	Corolla yellow; calyx densely yellow moniliform villous, cylindric		18 Elsholtzia eriostachya
+	Corolla purplish; calyx densely purple moniliform villous, subglobose		19 Elsholtzia densa
25 (23)	Abaxial leaf surface densely puberulent, ± pilose on veins		27 Elsholtzia oldhamii
+	Abaxial leaf surface finely pilose or puberulent.		(26)
26 (25)	Plants prostrate, producing adventitious roots on basal part of stem; leaves ovate to ovate- lanceolate; bracts pilose outside		25 Elsholtzia kachinensis
+	Plants erect, without adventitious roots on lower part of stem; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; bracts glabrous outside		28 Elsholtzia saxatilis
27 (22)	Leaves 1-1.5 cm, linear to linear-lanceolate		26 Elsholtzia pygmaea
+	Leaves more than 1.5 cm, oblong or ovate to lanceolate.		(28)
28 (27)	Leaf blade base rounded to shallowly cordate, auriculate-dentate; corolla rose red, 2-3 mm		24 Elsholtzia hunanensis
+	Leaf blade base attenuate, cuneate, decurrent, rarely rounded; corolla purple to rose-purple, 4.5-8 mm.		(29)
29 (28)	Bracts usually discolored, glabrous or subglabrous, margin ciliate.		(30)
+	Bracts usually purplish at least on veins, long pilose.		(31)
30 (29)	Calyx teeth unequal, anterior 2 longer; leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate; corolla ca. 4.5 mm		33 Elsholtzia ciliata
+	Calyx teeth subequal; leaves ovate-triangular to oblong-lanceolate; corolla 6-7 mm		29 Elsholtzia splendens
31 (29)	Calyx teeth ± equal; petiole 8-25 mm; plants 50-100 cm		30 Elsholtzia argyi
+	Calyx teeth unequal, anterior 2 longer; petiole 2-8 mm; plants rarely to 50 cm.		(32)
32 (31)	Petiole white floccose; leaf blade lanceolate, base attenuate, margin serrate, apex acuminate; corolla ca. 6 mm		31 Elsholtzia souliei
+	Petiole pubescent; leaf blade ovate, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin crenate, apex obtuse; corolla ca. 8 mm		32 Elsholtzia feddei