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| 1 |
Antherodes sagittate; flowers 1--5 in fascicles in leaf axils; plants aquatic or halophytic herbs, with elongate and horizontal rhizomes. |
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(2) |
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Antherodes 3-sect; panicles terminal or cincinni numerous and aggregated in spathelike involucral bracts (in latter case pedicels with sheathlike, membranous bracteoles); plants terrestrial herbs, mostly without elongate and horizontal rhizomes. |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade elliptic-ovate or ovate-cordate, more than 8 mm wide. |
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(3) |
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Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, (20--)30--60 × 5--8 mm. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade ovate-cordate or ovate; capsule more than 2.5 mm in diam. |
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2 Murdannia citrina |
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Leaf blade ovate; capsule less than 2 mm in diam. |
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1 Murdannia yunnanensis |
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| 4 (2) |
Capsule oblong, trigonous, 5--7 × 3--4 mm, subobtuse at both ends; seeds not flattened; sepals 4--6 mm |
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3 Murdannia triquetra |
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Capsule long ellipsoid, obscurely trigonous, 8--10 × 2--3 mm, acute at both ends; seeds flattened; sepals 6--10 mm |
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4 Murdannia keisak |
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| 5 (1) |
Stems scapiform, leafless; leaves all basal; roots fusiform thickened, densely tomentose |
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8 Murdannia edulis |
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Stems ± leafy. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Involucral bracts sheathlike, bladeless, subequal, more than 5 mm, with several to numerous 1-flowered cymes. |
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(7) |
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Involucral bracts not sheathlike, distal ones gradually becoming shorter, cymes not 1-flowered. |
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(9) |
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| 7 (6) |
Roots not thickened; sheathlike involucral bracts distant, only 2 or 3 on each stem; capsule with 1 seed per valve |
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7 Murdannia vaginata |
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Roots fusiform thickened; sheathlike involucral bracts dense, at least apical ones connate; capsule with several seeds per valve. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaf blade linear, less than 6 mm wide; roots more than 4 cm, fusiform thickened in middle; involucral bracts glabrous |
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5 Murdannia medica |
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Leaf blade more than 10 mm wide; roots much shorter, mostly only ca. 2 cm, fusiform thickened near apex, sometimes not thickened; involucral bracts hirsute |
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6 Murdannia spectabilis |
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| 9 (6) |
Valves 3- to numerous seeded; flowers distant, never in heads. |
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(10) |
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Valves 2-seeded; flowers dense; cincinni capitate at anthesis, capitate or not in fruit; leaf blade linear. |
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(15) |
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| 10 (9) |
Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; plants without elongate rhizomes. |
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(11) |
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Stems ± prostrate proximally; plants with long, horizontal rhizomes. |
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(13) |
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| 11 (10) |
Main stem abortive (inflorescences borne on lateral stems); leaf blade narrowly elliptic, (1.5--)2--4.5 cm wide, often with a yellowish white, undulate band at margin; capsule ca. 5 mm |
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10 Murdannia japonica |
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Main stem developed; leaf blade narrower, linear to narrowly lanceolate, usually less than 1.5 cm wide, without white, undulate band at margin; capsule 6.5--15 mm. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Capsule 15--17 mm; leaf blade 40--50 cm; plants to 1 m tall |
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9 Murdannia macrocarpa |
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Capsule 6.5--8 mm; leaf blade 5--15 cm; plants 15--60 cm tall |
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11 Murdannia divergens |
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| 13 (10) |
Capsule 3--4 mm; stems slender, creeping for greater part; leaf blade long ovate to lanceolate, less than 3.5 cm |
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13 Murdannia spirata |
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Capsule 5--7 mm; stems robust, creeping only proximally; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5--12 cm. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Valves ca. 3-seeded; inflorescences nearly as long as distal leaves; leaf blade 1--2.2 cm wide, with straight margin |
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14 Murdannia hookeri |
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Valves ca. 7-seeded; inflorescences much exceeding distal leaves; leaf blade 3--3.5 cm wide, undulate at margin |
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12 Murdannia undulata |
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| 15 (9) |
Seeds pitted, or shallowly pitted and white verrucose; main stem developed; pedicels thin but straight; most leaf sheaths hirsute throughout, sometimes hirsute on 1 side only |
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15 Murdannia nudiflora |
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Seeds not pitted but with other kinds of sculpturing; main stems abortive, with rosulate leaves; pedicels curved or straight; leaf sheaths mostly hirsute only on mouth side. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Roots slender, fibrous, less than 1 mm in diam.; stems often creeping, rooting at proximal nodes; cincinni only 1 or 2(or 3), capitate at anthesis, capitate or nearly so in fruit. |
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(17) |
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Roots robust, 1--3 mm in diam.; stems erect or ascending; cincinni often 3 or more, forming panicles, never capitate in fruit. |
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(18) |
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| 17 (16) |
Cincinni densely capitate; pedicels strongly curved in fruit; bracts 5--7 mm, sub-persistent; basal leaves 20--30 × 1.2--1.8 cm |
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17 Murdannia bracteata |
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Cincinni subcapitate; pedicels slightly curved in fruit; bracts ca. 4 mm, caducous; basal leaves 5--15(--30) × 0.6--0.9 cm |
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16 Murdannia loriformis |
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| 18 (16) |
Roots ca. 1 mm in diam.; basal leaf blades 3--5 mm wide; seeds radiate striate |
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20 Murdannia kainantensis |
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Roots 2--3 mm in diam.; basal leaf blades 0.6--1.5 cm wide; seeds white radiate verrucose. |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Capsule 4--5 mm; sepals ca. 4 mm; leaf sheaths hirsute only on 1 side |
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18 Murdannia simplex |
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Capsule 6--7 mm; sepals 5--6 mm; leaf sheaths villous throughout, sometimes proximal ones hairy only on 1 side |
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19 Murdannia stenothyrsa |
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