| 1 |
Winter buds 3 per leaf axil with 2 lateral flower buds and 1 central leaf. |
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(2) |
| + |
Winter bud 1 per leaf axil. |
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(8) |
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| 2 (1) |
Pedicel to 2.5 mm or flowers sessile; hypanthium longer than wide; sepals erect or spreading; style villous basally or throughout. |
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(3) |
| + |
Pedicel 4–20 mm; hypanthium as long as wide; sepals reflexed; style pilose basally or glabrous throughout. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade ovate-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 2–7 cm, adaxially pilose, abaxially densely tomentose. |
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1 C. tomentosa |
| + |
Leaf blade obovate-oblanceolate, 0.8–1.6 cm, glabrous. |
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2 C. tianshanica |
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| 4 (2) |
Leaf blade broadest basally from middle, base rounded. |
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3 C. japonica |
| + |
Leaf blade broadest at about middle or apically (basally sometimes in C. pogonostyla var. obovata and C. glandulosa), base cuneate or broadly so. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaf blade abaxially hirsute to pilose along veins. |
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(6) |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrous, sparsely pubescent, or with tufted hairs in vein axils. |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaf blade abaxially pilose along veins or sometimes between veins; style basally pilose. |
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4 C. pogonostyla |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially densely brown hirsute; style glabrous. |
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5 C. dictyoneura |
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| 7 (5) |
Leaf blade secondary veins 6–8 on either side of midvein; hypanthium outside pilose; style slightly shorter than stamens; drupe 1.5–1.8 cm in diam. |
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6 C. humilis |
| + |
Leaf blade secondary veins 4 or 5 on either side of midvein; hypanthium outside glabrous; style slightly longer than stamens; drupe 1–1.3 cm in diam. |
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7 C. glandulosa |
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| 8 (1) |
Bracts green, persistent. |
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(9) |
| + |
Bracts brown or rarely greenish brown, rarely persistent. |
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(24) |
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| 9 (8) |
Teeth of leaf blade margin non-glandular, with an apical cartilaginous mucro, or with an inconspicuous apical gland. |
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(10) |
| + |
Teeth of leaf blade margin with a distinct apical gland. |
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(13) |
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| 10 (9) |
Inflorescences corymbose, 5–10-flowered; endocarp markedly sculptured. |
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8 C. maximowiczii |
| + |
Inflorescences umbellate, 2–4-flowered; endocarp smooth. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Shrubs 0.2–1 m tall; sepals shorter than hypanthium; drupe ca. 1 cm. |
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9 C. fruticosa |
| + |
Trees 10–25 m tall; sepals nearly as long as hypanthium; drupe 1.2–2.5 cm. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade glabrous; inflorescence inner involucral bracts straight; mesocarp sour. |
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10 C. vulgaris |
| + |
Petiole 2–7 cm; leaf blade abaxially sparsely villous; inflorescence inner involucral bracts curved; mesocarp sweet. |
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11 C. avium |
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| 13 (9) |
Glands disciform or depressed at apex of teeth along bract margins and sometimes along leaf blade margins. |
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(14) |
| + |
Glands not disciform or depressed at apex of teeth along bract and leaf blade margins (sometimes depressed in C. patentipila). |
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(17) |
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| 14 (13) |
Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose or racemose. |
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(15) |
| + |
Inflorescences umbellate. |
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(16) |
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| 15 (14) |
Style glabrous or sparsely pilose. |
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12 C. szechuanica |
| + |
Style sparsely villous basal to middle. |
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13 C. discadenia |
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| 16 (14) |
Flowers opening at same time as leaves; hypanthium outside glabrous; petals apically rounded. |
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14 C. tatsienensis |
| + |
Flowers opening before leaves; hypanthium outside pilose; petals apically 2-lobed. |
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15 C. discoidea |
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| 17 (13) |
Inflorescences umbellate. |
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(18) |
| + |
Inflorescences corymbose-racemose (umbellate-racemose in C. claviculata). |
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(21) |
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| 18 (17) |
Petiole glabrous; bracts 5–20 mm; sepals spreading. |
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16 C. setulosa |
| + |
Petiole ± hairy (sometimes glabrous in C. clarofolia and C. conradinae); bracts 2–8 mm; sepals reflexed. |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Branchlets densely villous; leaf blade abaxially densely spreading villous; hypanthium outside densely villous. |
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18 C. polytricha |
| + |
Branchlets glabrous or pilose; leaf blade abaxially pilose along veins or glabrous; hypanthium outside glabrous. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Winter buds ovoid, glabrous; petiole glabrous or pilose; stamens 20–30; drupe long ellipsoid. |
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17 C. clarofolia |
| + |
Winter buds ellipsoid-ovoid, pilose; petiole densely spreading villous; stamens 32–54; drupe ovoid to subglobose. |
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36 C. conradinae |
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| 21 (17) |
Peduncles, rachises, pedicels, and outside of sepals glabrous. |
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(22) |
| + |
Peduncles, rachises, pedicels, and outside sepals distinctly hairy. |
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(23) |
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| 22 (21) |
Young branchlets brown; bracts 0.5–2.5 cm; hypanthium ca. 5 mm in diam.; style nearly as long as stamens; endocarp ± sculptured. |
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19 C. conadenia |
| + |
Young branchlets tinged reddish brown to reddish green; bracts 0.2–0.5 cm; hypanthium 3–4 mm in diam.; style slightly longer than stamens; endocarp markedly sculptured. |
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20 C. pleiocerasus |
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| 23 (21) |
Leaf blade abaxially pilose or sparsely pubescent; teeth along bract margins and sometimes along leaf blade margins aristate and with a claviculate apical gland; hypanthium outside basally pilose to subglabrous; sepals margin sparsely ciliate. |
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21 C. dolichadenia |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially densely horizontally spreading villous to hirsute; teeth along bract and leaf blade margins with a capitate to flattened-capitate (depressed) apical gland; hypanthium outside pilose; sepals margin glandular serrate. |
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22 C. patentipila |
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| 24 (8) |
Leaf blade margin coarsely incised biserrate or lobed; inflorescences 1- or 2-flowered. |
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(25) |
| + |
Leaf blade margin biserrate, serrate, or obtusely glandular crenate; inflorescences usually more than 2-flowered (sometimes 1-flowered in C. serrula and C. schneideriana). |
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(29) |
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| 25 (24) |
Prostrate shrubs; petiole 2–7 mm. |
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(26) |
| + |
Tree or shrubs; petiole 4–13 mm. |
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(27) |
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| 26 (25) |
Leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, margin biserrate but not lobed, apex obtuse to acute. |
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24 C. mugus |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, margin biserrate and lobed, apex acute to acuminate. |
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25 C. crataegifolius |
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| 27 (25) |
Branchlets, pedicels, and outside of sepals hairy; style glabrous. |
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29 C. caudata |
| + |
Branchlets, pedicels, and outside of sepals glabrous (sometimes pilose in C. trichostoma); style hairy. |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Flowers opening at same time as leaves; stipules usually lanceolate to linear, 3–5 mm. |
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30 C. trichostoma |
| + |
Flowers opening slightly before leaves or nearly so; stipules on vegetative branches usually ovate and auriculate, 5–10 mm. |
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31 C. stipulacea |
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| 29 (24) |
Inflorescences ± hairy or at least hairy when young. |
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(30) |
| + |
Inflorescences glabrous. |
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(36) |
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| 30 (29) |
Style glabrous. |
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(31) |
| + |
Style hairy. |
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(33) |
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| 31 (30) |
Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate to long acuminate; endocarp markedly sculptured. |
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39 C. serrula |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, apex usually caudate; endocarp smooth or ± sculptured. |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Petals apically emarginate; sepals nearly 1/2 or more as long as hypanthium. |
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40 C. pseudocerasus |
| + |
Petals apically 2-lobed; sepalsy nearly 2 × as long as hypanthium. |
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41 C. dielsiana |
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| 33 (30) |
Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose to long racemose; petals apically subundulate to emarginate; hypanthium tubular-campanulate. |
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42 C. yunnanensis |
| + |
Inflorescences umbellate or umbellate-racemose; petals apically emarginate or lobed; hypanthium tubular. |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Sepals reflexed; hypanthium densely hirtellous outside. |
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43 C. schneideriana |
| + |
Sepals erect or spreading; hypanthium pilose outside. |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Secondary veins 10–14 on each side of midvein, straight and nearly parallel; inflorescences umbelate, 2- or 3-flowered; pedicel 1–2 cm; sepals nearly as long as hypanthium, apically laxly serrate. |
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27 C. subhirtella |
| + |
Secondary veins 7–10 on each side of midvein, slightly curved; inflorerscences umbellate- racemose, 3- or 4-flowered; pedicel 2–2.5 cm; sepals slightly shorter than hypanthium, apically serrate. |
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28 C. yedoensis |
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| 36 (29) |
Petals apically rounded (sometimes emarginate in C. pusilliflora). |
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(37) |
| + |
Petals apically 2-lobed or emarginate. |
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(40) |
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| 37 (36) |
Style glabrous. |
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23 C. mahaleb |
| + |
Style hairy. |
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(38) |
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| 38 (37) |
Flowers solitary or umbellate; hypanthium densely hairy outside. |
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26 C. trichantha |
| + |
Flowers in a corybose-racemose inflorescence; hypanthium glabrous outside. |
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(39) |
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| 39 (38) |
Inflorescence distinctly pedunculate; pedicel 4–8 cm; hypanthium tubular-campanulate. |
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32 C. henryi |
| + |
Inflorescence short pedunculate; pedicel 1–1.5 cm; hypanthium campanulate. |
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33 C. pusilliflora |
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| 40 (36) |
Sepals reflex. |
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34 C. cyclamina |
| + |
Sepals straight or spreading. |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Leaf blade margin serrulate or biserrate with acuminat to aristate teeth. |
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35 C. serrulata |
| + |
Leaf blade sharply serrate. |
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(42) |
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| 42 (41) |
Flowers opening at same time as leaves; drupe purplish black; endocarp apex obtuse. |
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38 C. cerrasoides |
| + |
Flowers opening before leaves; drupe red; endocarp apex acute. |
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(43) |
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| 43 (42) |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrous; involucre bracts 6–8 × 4–5 mm; hypanthium ca. 4 mm; petals apically 2-lobed. |
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36 C. conradinae |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially with tufts of hairs in vein axils; involucre bracts ca. 5 × 3 mm; hypanthium ca. 6 mm; petals apically emarginate or rarely entire. |
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37 C. campanulata |
