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8. Lithospermum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 132. 1753.
紫草属 zi cao shu
Buglossoides I. M. Johnston.
Herbs annual or perennial, short strigose. Leaves alternate. Cymes terminal or flowers solitary, bracteate. Calyx 5-parted nearly to base, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla white, yellow, or violet, actinomorphic, funnelform or salverform; throat with appendages or bands of hairs, or longitudinally crispate; limb usually campanulate, 5-parted; lobes spreading. Stamens included; filament very short; anthers oblong-linear, apex obtuse, mucronulate. Style filiform, not exserted; stigma entire or indistinctly 2-cleft, capitate. Gynobase flat. Nutlets white or gray, ovoid, smooth, shiny or tuberculate; attachment scar at base adaxially.
The genus is here treated in the broad sense. Species 3 and 4 are frequently placed in Buglossoides.
About 50 species: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America; five species in China.
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| 1 |
Corolla more than 1.5 cm, violet, blue-purple, or purple-red. |
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(2) |
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Corolla less than 1 cm, white or pale yellow-green (sometimes blue in L.arvense). |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 4-15 cm, crowded; persistent; stems sheathed by overlapping leaf bases; rhizomes absent |
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5 Lithospermum hancockianum |
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Leaf blade oblanceolate to spatulate, 3-6 cm, sparsely arranged; stems without sheathing leaf bases; rhizomes present |
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4 Lithospermum zollingeri |
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| 3 (1) |
Herbs annual; nutlets triangular-ovoid, gray-brown, finely tuberculate |
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3 Lithospermum arvense |
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Herbs perennial; nutlets ovoid, white or slightly yellowish brown, smooth, shiny. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Corolla 7-9 mm, tube ca. as long as limb, lobes broadly ovate, ca. as long as wide, throat appendages glabrous; roots with a copious purple dye |
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1 Lithospermum erythrorhizon |
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Corolla 4-6 mm, tube ca. 2 × as long as limb, lobes oblong-ovate, longer than wide, throat appendages short pubescent; roots with little or no purple dye |
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2 Lithospermum officinale |
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Lower Taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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