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140. Oxytropis Candolle, Astragalogia. ed. 4°, 66; ed. f°, 53. 1802.

棘豆属 ji dou shu

Authors: Xiangyun Zhu, Stanley L. Welsh & Hiroyoshi Ohashi

Spiesia Necker ex Kuntze.

Perennial herbs or cushionlike shrublets, caulescent or acaulescent, with glandular trichomes, glands, or scalelike or slender basifixed trichomes. Stipules conspicuous, membranous, papery, leathery, scarious, herbaceous, or leaflike, usually persistent, free or adnate to petiole, distinct or connate. Leaves usually imparipinnate, rarely appearing paripinnate by apical leaflet reduced to a spine (Oxytropis aciphylla, O. hystrix, and O. tragacanthoides), rarely 1-foliolate (O. monophylla and O. neimonggolica); leaflets alternate, opposite, subopposite, verticillate, or subverticillate; leaflet blades various in shape, base ± oblique. Inflorescences racemes, spicate or capitate, dense or lax, with 1 to many flowers; bracts usually triangular or lanceolate-triangular. Bracteoles absent or sometimes narrowly triangular. Calyx campanulate, tubular-campanulate, or tubular, with 5 subequal lobes. Corolla various in color, petals clawed; standard various in shape, apex rounded, emarginate, or 2-lobed; wings variously shaped, apex rounded or emarginate; keel variously shaped, apex beaked with vascular bundles reaching beak apex. Stamens diadelphous with 9 connate filaments and 1 ± distinct filament. Ovary sessile or stipitate, glabrous or pubescent. Legume sessile or stipitate, membranous or leathery, enveloped by calyx or exserted from calyx, usually 1-locular or ± 2-locular, septum absent, narrow, or wide.

About 310 species: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; 133 species (74 endemic) in three subgenera and 20 sections (five endemic) in China.

The genus Oxytropis resembles Astragalus but is distinguished from the latter in having several species with glandular trichomes, several spe­cies with verticillate leaflets (although these are present in A. alatavicus and A. pamirensis; see pp. 402-403), leaflets basally oblique, and vascular bundles reaching the apex of the corolla keel beak.

The following taxa were reported in FRPS (42(2): 1-145. 1998) but are not treated here. The authors have not seen any Chinese material of these taxa, and in most cases their reported occurrence in China is based on misidentifications in literature covering plants occurring outside of China (except for Oxytropis falcata var. maquensis which is based on a type from S Gansu): O. altaica (Pallas) Persoon, O. ambigua (Pallas) Candolle, O. ampullata (Pallas) Persoon, O. biloba Saposhnikow, O. bogdoshanica Jurtzev, O. caespitosula Gontscharow, O. cana Bunge, O. chantengriensis Vassilczenko, O. chionophylla Schrenk, O. chorgossica Vassilczenko, O. confusa Bunge, O. cuspidata Bunge, O. falcata Bunge var. maquensis C. W. Chang, O. fetisowii Bunge, O. floribunda (Pallas) Candolle, O. gorbunovii Borissova, O. ketmenica Saposhnikow, O. kyzitalensis Vassilczenko, O. lanuginosa Komarov, O. longibracteata Karelin & Kirilov, O. macrobotrys Bunge, O. martjanovii Krylov, O. microsphaera Bunge, O. pellita Bunge, O. platonychia Bunge, O. rhynchophysa Schrenk, O. sarkandensis Vassilczenko, O. saurica Saposhnikow, O. schrenkii Trautvetter, O. semenowii Bunge, O. sulphurea (Fischer) Ledebour, O. thomsonii Bentham ex Bunge.

The following taxa are based on Chinese types but are not treated here because additional study is needed to determine if any of these should be recognized or whether they belong to existing taxa: Oxytropis barkultagi Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. burchan-buddae Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. candolleorum Vassilczenko, O. dehra-duni Vassilczenko, O. dschagastaica Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. dumbedanica Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. kumbelica Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. larionovii Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. lutchensis Franchet.

There are additional taxa reported as occurring in China in various publications, but most if not all of these reports are based on misidentifi­cations of Chinese plants in treatments that cover areas outside of China.


Key 10a

1 Corolla standard 0.5-1(-1.1) cm   (2)
+ Corolla standard (0.7-)1-2.2(-3) cm   (12)
       
2 (1) Beak of corolla keel 0.5 mm or shorter; calyx 4-7 mm   (3)
+ Beak of corolla keel 1-2.5 mm; calyx 2.5-6(-8) mm   (5)
       
3 (2) Stipules triangular; leaves 19-29-foliolate; inflorescences 5-14-flowered; peduncle (2.5-)11-19(-30) cm; calyx 5-6.   113 O. qilianshanica
+ Stipules linear-lanceolate or ovate; leaves 9-19(or 21)-foliolate; inflorescences 6-10-flowered; peduncle 2-3 cm or 4-15 cm; calyx 5-9 mm   (4)
       
4 (3) Stipules linear-lanceolate; racemes lax; peduncle 2-3 cm; calyx lobes as long as tube.   92 O. avisoides
+ Stipules ovate; racemes compact; peduncle 4-15 cm; calyx lobes shorter than tube.   126 O. proboscidea
       
5 (2) Racemes compactly globose; beak of corolla keel ca. 2.5 mm.   89 O. globiflora
+ Racemes not compactly globose; beak of corolla keel 1-2 mm   (6)
       
6 (5) Legume body 5-6 mm.   100 O. imbricata
+ Legume body (5-)8-15 mm   (7)
       
7 (6) Peduncle 2-4 × as long as subtending leaves; leaflets more than 29 at least for some leaves   (8)
+ Peduncle shorter than to somewhat surpassing subtending leaves; leaflets 25 or fewer for all leaves   (9)
       
8 (7) Peduncle ca. 2 × as long as subtending leaves; corolla standard 5.5-7 mm, apex emarginate; legume body 5-10 mm.   94 O. filiformis
+ Peduncle 3-4 × as long as subtending leaves; corolla standard 6-11 mm, apex rounded; legume body 10-15 mm.   124 O. lehmannii
       
9 (7) Calyx 3-3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.   97 O. tashkurensis
+ Calyx (3.5-)4-6 mm, lobes (1-)1.2-3 mm   (10)
       
10 (9) Racemes 7-13-flowered; calyx lobes ca. 1.2 mm; beak of corolla keel ca. 1.5 mm; legume stipe 2-2.5 mm.   102 O. fragiliphylla
+ Racemes 15-20-flowered or many flowered; calyx lobes 2.5-3 mm; beak of corolla keel ca. 2 mm; legume stipe (0.7-)1-2 mm   (11)
       
11 (10) Stipules 4-5 mm; calyx 5-6 mm, lobes 2.5-3 mm; legume 11-13 × 4.5-5.5 mm.   67 O. lanceatifoliola
+ Stipules 5-10 mm; calyx (3.5-)4-5 mm, lobes 1-2 mm; legume 8-9 × ca. 3 mm.   90 O. pagobia
       
12 (1) Calyx (9-)10-15 mm; corolla standard (1.5-)1.7-3 cm   (13)
+ Calyx 3-10(-10.5) mm; corolla standard 0.7-1.7(-2) cm   (18)
       
13 (12) Leaflets more than 31 on at least some leaves; beak of corolla keel ca. 1 mm   (14)
+ Leaflets never more than 29 per leaf; beak of corolla keel (1-)1.5-3 mm   (15)
       
14 (13) Plants 20-40 cm tall; bracts 7-9 mm; calyx lobes 1-2.2 mm; corolla standard apex slightly emarginate, keel 1.8-2 cm.   115 O. songarica
+ Plants (6-)10-21 cm tall; bracts 12-15 mm; calyx lobes 3-5 mm; corolla standard apex 2-lobed, keel 1.5-1.7 cm.   87 O. alpina
       
15 (13) Racemes 3-13-flowered; beak of corolla keel 1-1.5 mm   (16)
+ Racemes many flowered; beak of corolla keel 2-3 mm   (17)
       
16 (15) Bracts 4-5 mm; corolla standard 1.8-2 cm; legume 0.7-0.8 mm.   1 O. sacciformis
+ Bracts 8-18 mm; corolla standard 2.1-2.7 cm; legume ca. 1.5 cm.   110 O. latibracteata
       
17 (15) Plants 10-18 cm tall; leaves 13- or 15-foliolate; leaflet blades 0.8-1 cm; corolla standard ca. 1.5 cm, wings 1.2-1.3 cm.   88 O. pseudofrigida
+ Plants 20-40 cm tall; leaves 15-29-foliolate; leaflet blades 1-2.5 cm; corolla standard 2.3-3 cm, wings ca. 2 cm.   112 O. grandiflora
       
18 (12) Racemes 2-8(-10)-flowered   (19)
+ Racemes many flowered (5-12-flowered in O. barkolensis)   (20)
       
19 (18) Corolla standard 1.5-2 cm with an emarginate apex, wings 1.6-1.8 cm, keel ca. 1.3 cm; legume sessile.   74 O. anertii
+ Corolla standard 1.2-1.3 cm with a 2-lobed apex, wings 1-1.2 cm, keel 1-1.1 cm; legume with a 2-4 mm stipe.   81 O. yunnanensis
       
20 (18) Leaves 1.5-5 cm, 11-15-foliolate.   4 O. trichocalycina
+ Leaves (3-)5-30 cm, 13-35(-41)-foliolate   (21)
       
21 (20) Calyx 6.3-10 mm   (22)
+ Calyx 3-7 mm   (24)
       
22 (21) Stipules 1.8-2.5 cm; corolla standard 1.4-2 cm, apex emarginate.   111 O. barkolensis
+ Stipules 1-1.7 cm; corolla standard 0.9-1.7 cm, apex rounded   (23)
       
23 (22) Stipules ca. 1 cm; leaflet apices acuminate; corolla standard with a broadly oblong lamina, wings apically emarginate, keel beak 3-4 mm.   114 O. pseudocoerulea
+ Stipules 1.4-1.7 cm; leaflet apices acute to subtruncate; corolla standard with a suborbicular to broadly ovate lamina, wings apically rounded, keel beak 0.8-1.5 mm.   116 O. mollis
       
24 (21) Beak of corolla keel 2.2-3 mm.   101 O. caerulea
+ Beak of corolla keel 0.5-2 mm   (25)
       
25 (24) Leaflet blades 1.9-2.8 cm; peduncle 17-40 cm; corolla standard ca. 1.6 cm, keel 1.5-1.6 cm.   86 O. qitaiensis
+ Leaflet blades 0.3-2 cm; peduncle 10-25 cm; corolla standard 0.7-1 cm, keel 0.8-0.9 cm   (26)
       
26 (25) Plants to 30 cm tall; racemes lax; peduncle with sparse appressed white trichomes; calyx 3.6-5 mm; corolla standard 7-10 mm; legume stipitate.   96 O. merkensis
+ Plants only to 12 cm tall; racemes dense; peduncle with spreading white long trichomes; calyx 6-7 mm; corolla standard ca. 10 mm; legume sessile.   118 O. qingnanensis

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