1 |
Cauline leaves absent. |
|
(2) |
+ |
Cauline leaves 1-3 or more. |
|
(3) |
|
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|
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2 (1) |
Petals yellow, emarginate or 2-lobulate at apex; leaf blade with 3-5 parallel veins; staminodes 3-lobed for ca. 1/3 their length, lobes equal, narrow |
|
15 P. lutea |
+ |
Petals white, rounded-obtuse at apex; leaf blade usually with 5 parallel veins; staminodes 3-lobed for ca. 1/5 their length, central lobe longer than lateral ones |
|
16 P. scaposa |
|
|
|
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3 (1) |
Cauline leaves 2 or 3 or more. |
|
(4) |
+ |
Cauline leaf 1. |
|
(9) |
|
|
|
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4 (3) |
Cauline leaves 2; staminodes 2- or 3-lobed and eglandular at apex. |
|
(5) |
+ |
Cauline leaves 3 or more; staminodes branched, branches with globose glands at apex. |
|
(6) |
|
|
|
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5 (4) |
Staminodes 2-lobed at apex; stem 10-50 cm |
|
46 P. bifolia |
+ |
Staminodes 3-lobed at apex; stem 4-6 cm |
|
42 P. lijiangensis |
|
|
|
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6 (4) |
Petals rhomboid, margin subentire or undulate |
|
53 P. rhombipetala |
+ |
Petals not rhomboid, margin fimbriate proximally or throughout. |
|
(7) |
|
|
|
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7 (6) |
Petal margin fimbriate proximally |
|
54 P. amoena |
+ |
Petal margin fimbriate throughout. |
|
(8) |
|
|
|
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8 (7) |
Petals oblanceolate or oblong, marginal fimbriae turgid at apex; staminode branches not parallel; cauline leaves usually 2-5 |
|
55 P. noemiae |
+ |
Petals ovate or triangular-ovate, marginal fimbriae not turgid at apex; staminode branches parallel; cauline leaves usually more than 3 |
|
56 P. foliosa |
|
|
|
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9 (3) |
Basal leaves 10 or more, cespitose. |
|
(10) |
+ |
Basal leaves usually 3-5(-12), not cespitose. |
|
(13) |
|
|
|
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10 (9) |
Staminodes entire and rounded at apex. |
|
(11) |
+ |
Staminodes 2-lobed and 2-labiate at apex. |
|
(12) |
|
|
|
|
11 (10) |
Petals broadly elliptic; sepals oblong; cauline leaf borne near middle of stem |
|
9 P. petitmenginii |
+ |
Petals broadly oblanceolate; sepals lanceolate; cauline leaf borne near apex of stem |
|
10 P. esquirolii |
|
|
|
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12 (10) |
Basal leaf blade broadly obovate, broadly ovate, or broadly rhomboid-ovate, 6-15 mm |
|
11 P. faberi |
+ |
Basal leaf blade rhomboid, ovate-rhomboid, or suborbicular, 2-3 mm |
|
12 P. labiata |
|
|
|
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13 (9) |
Anther connective apically projected into a lanceolate appendage. |
|
(14) |
+ |
Anther connective not apically projected. |
|
(16) |
|
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|
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14 (13) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate or ovate; staminodes 3-lobed for 1/4-1/3 their length, central lobe narrow, lateral ones wider; style short, not exserted beyond staminodes, occasionally longer |
|
43 P. brevistyla |
+ |
Basal leaf blade reniform or suborbicular; staminodes 3-lobed for 1/2 their length or slightly more; style usually longer, exserted beyond staminodes, rarely shorter. |
|
(15) |
|
|
|
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15 (14) |
Staminodes divided for 2/5-1/2 their length; basal leaf blade reniform or suborbicular |
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44 P. delavayi |
+ |
Staminodes divided for ca. 2/3 their length; basal leaf blade reniform |
|
45 P. leptophylla |
|
|
|
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16 (13) |
Basal leaf blade elliptic, obovate, or broadly orbicular. |
|
(17) |
+ |
Basal leaf blade reniform, ovate-reniform, or ovate-cordate. |
|
(21) |
|
|
|
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17 (16) |
Basal leaf blade elliptic or ovate. |
|
(18) |
+ |
Basal leaf blade obovate or broadly orbicular. |
|
(19) |
|
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|
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18 (17) |
Basal leaf blade elliptic, rarely obovate-elliptic; staminodes 3-cleft at apex |
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24 P. xinganensis |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate; staminodes 5-branched, branches globose glandular at apex |
|
57 P. guilinensis |
|
|
|
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19 (17) |
Basal leaf blade densely purple-brown punctate, broadly orbicular, apex emarginate |
|
60 P. longshengensis |
+ |
Basal leaf blade not punctate, obovate, oblong-obovate, broadly orbicular, or suborbicular. |
|
(20) |
|
|
|
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20 (19) |
Basal leaf blade obovate or oblong-obovate, 2-4 × 1.5-2.6 cm; staminodes 3- or 4(or 5)-lobed for ca. 1/3 their length |
|
41 P. obovata |
+ |
Basal leaf blade broadly orbicular or suborbicular, 1.2-2 × 1.4-2.5 cm; staminodes (3 or)4- or 5-lobed for 1/3-1/2 their length |
|
48 P. dilatata |
|
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|
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21 (16) |
Staminodes terete, entire, apex rounded or discoid. |
|
(22) |
+ |
Staminodes branched, or flat with apex dentate or lobed. |
|
(29) |
|
|
|
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22 (21) |
Basal leaf blade reniform, base deeply cordate; petals green. |
|
(23) |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate, base cordate; petals white or green. |
|
(24) |
|
|
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23 (22) |
Stem 15-30 cm; petals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 × ca. 5 mm; basal leaf blade 3-6 × 5-9.5 cm |
|
1 P. longipetala |
+ |
Stem 5-11 cm; petals flabellate, 4-8 × 3-6 mm; basal leaf blade 5-25 × 13-30 mm |
|
2 P. tenella |
|
|
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24 (22) |
Petals green or yellow-green. |
|
(25) |
+ |
Petals white or yellowish. |
|
(27) |
|
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25 (24) |
Petals yellow-green; cauline leaf ovate-reniform; basal leaf blade ovate-reniform; staminodes indistinctly 3-6-dentate at apex |
|
5 P. longipetaloides |
+ |
Petals green; cauline leaf oblong or ovate-lanceolate; basal leaf blade ovate-cordate or ovate-reniform. |
|
(26) |
|
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26 (25) |
Petals densely purple-brown punctate; staminodes rounded at apex; basal leaf blade usually ovate-cordate |
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3 P. angustipetala |
+ |
Petals not punctate; staminodes truncate or emarginate at apex; basal leaf blade usually ovate-reniform |
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4 P. yulongshanensis |
|
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27 (24) |
Petals distinctly purple-brown punctate, obovate-oblong, often emarginate at apex; staminodes often indistinctly 3-crenate at apex, or entire |
|
6 P. yunnanensis |
+ |
Petals indistinctly purple punctate, oblong or narrowly oblanceolate, acute or rounded at apex; staminodes rounded at apex. |
|
(28) |
|
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28 (27) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate, base cordate; cauline leaf borne near apex of stem, much smaller than basal leaves; petals yellowish |
|
7 P. yanyuanensis |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate-triangular, base not cordate; cauline leaf borne near base of stem, about as large as basal leaves; petals white |
|
8 P. humilis |
|
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29 (21) |
Staminodes branched. |
|
(30) |
+ |
Staminodes flat, apex dentate or lobed. |
|
(34) |
|
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30 (29) |
Staminodes 7-23-branched |
|
63 P. palustris |
+ |
Staminodes (3 or)5(or 7)-branched. |
|
(31) |
|
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31 (30) |
Petal margin fimbriate proximally, entire or undulate distally. |
|
(32) |
+ |
Petal margin fimbriate throughout; staminodes divided for 1/3-1/2 their length. |
|
(33) |
|
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32 (31) |
Staminodes divided almost to base |
|
58 P. gansuensis |
+ |
Staminodes divided for ca. 1/2 their length |
|
59 P. simaoensis |
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33 (31) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate, thick textured, base cordate |
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61 P. perciliata |
+ |
Basal leaf blade reniform, thin textured, base subcordate or truncate |
|
62 P. davidii |
|
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34 (29) |
Staminodes (3-)5-7-dentate at apex. |
|
(35) |
+ |
Staminodes 3- or 5-lobed at apex. |
|
(37) |
|
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|
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35 (34) |
Cauline leaf borne near base of stem |
|
22 P. qinghaiensis |
+ |
Cauline leaf borne near middle of stem or distally. |
|
(36) |
|
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36 (35) |
Petals broadly spatulate or obovate, base broadly and shortly clawed (claw ca. 1 mm), margin erose or subentire; basal leaf blade cuneate or subcordate at base |
|
13 P. degeensis |
+ |
Petals triangular-ovate, base long clawed (claw 2-2.5 mm), margin long fimbriate proximally; basal leaf blade deeply cordate at base |
|
14 P. farreri |
|
|
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37 (34) |
Staminodes 5-lobed at apex. |
|
(38) |
+ |
Staminodes 3-lobed at apex. |
|
(42) |
|
|
|
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38 (37) |
Petal margin sparsely and shortly fimbriate throughout; stem less than 10 cm |
|
52 P. omeiensis |
+ |
Petal margin long fimbriate proximally; stem more than 10 cm. |
|
(39) |
|
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39 (38) |
Staminode lobes subequal. |
|
(40) |
+ |
Staminode lobes unequal. |
|
(41) |
|
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40 (39) |
Basal leaf blade broadly cordate, about as long as wide, 2.5-4.5(-5) × 3.8-5.5 cm; petals shortly clawed |
|
47 P. wightiana |
+ |
Basal leaf blade oblong-cordate, nearly 2 × as long as wide, to 7 cm; petals long clawed |
|
49 P. monochoriifolia |
|
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|
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41 (39) |
Central 3 staminode lobes ca. 3 × as long as lateral ones; petals yellow-white; basal leaf blade reniform |
|
50 P. yiliangensis |
+ |
Staminode lobes subequal, central 3 parted, lateral ones very shallowly lobed; petals white; basal leaf blade ovate-cordate |
|
51 P. chengkouensis |
|
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42 (37) |
Staminode lobes unequal. |
|
(43) |
+ |
Staminode lobes subequal. |
|
(44) |
|
|
|
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43 (42) |
Central staminode lobe much shorter than lateral ones; petals greenish, narrowly oblong, margin sparsely and shortly fimbriate; cauline leaf borne distally on stem |
|
39 P. cooperi |
+ |
Central staminode lobe ca. 0.6 mm longer than lateral ones; petals white, obovate, rarely subspatulate, margin entire; cauline leaf borne near base of stem |
|
40 P. laxmannii |
|
|
|
|
44 (42) |
Petal margin long fimbriate proximally. |
|
(45) |
+ |
Petal margin shortly fimbriate or erose proximally, or entire. |
|
(47) |
|
|
|
|
45 (44) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate, larger, thick textured |
|
19 P. crassifolia |
+ |
Basal leaf blade reniform, orbicular, or broadly ovate-orbicular, occasionally ovate-cordate, thin textured. |
|
(46) |
|
|
|
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46 (45) |
Petals oblanceolate, with 2 green, oblong glands near base, apex acute; basal leaf blade 1.2-2.4 × 1.2-2.4 cm, much larger than cauline leaf |
|
17 P. yui |
+ |
Petals broadly obovate, eglandular, apex emarginate; basal leaf blade 6-11 × 7.5-14 mm, subequaling cauline leaf |
|
18 P. chinensis |
|
|
|
|
47 (44) |
Petal margin shortly fimbriate proximally. |
|
(48) |
+ |
Petal margin erose or entire. |
|
(49) |
|
|
|
|
48 (47) |
Sepals and petals purple-brown punctate; petals 5-6 × 3-4 mm; basal leaf blade 9-10 × 8-9 mm |
|
21 P. venusta |
+ |
Sepals and petals not punctate; petals 7.8-9.5 × 5.2-6.1 mm; basal leaf blade 1-1.5 cm × 9-14 mm |
|
20 P. epunctulata |
|
|
|
|
49 (47) |
Ovary superior. |
|
(50) |
+ |
Ovary semi-inferior. |
|
(55) |
|
|
|
|
50 (49) |
Basal leaf blade broadly elliptic, attenuate into petiole at base; petals yellow, spatulate or spatulate-oblanceolate |
|
23 P. filchneri |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate-reniform or ovate-cordate, cordate at base; petals white or green, obovate or lanceolate. |
|
(51) |
|
|
|
|
51 (50) |
Petals green, minutely purple punctate, lanceolate, margin densely erose, apex acuminate |
|
25 P. lanceolata |
+ |
Petals white, obovate, margin sparsely erose or entire, apex rounded or 2-lobed. |
|
(52) |
|
|
|
|
52 (51) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-reniform; stem to 4 cm |
|
26 P. kangdingensis |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate; stem usually more than 4 cm. |
|
(53) |
|
|
|
|
53 (52) |
Petals 2-lobed or emarginate at apex; staminodes 3-lobed for ca. 1/3 their length |
|
27 P. mysorensis |
+ |
Petals rounded at apex; staminodes shallowly 3(-6)-lobed for ca. 1/6 their length. |
|
(54) |
|
|
|
|
54 (53) |
Stem 7-10 cm; basal leaf blade densely brown punctate, ovate, with 5-7 arcuate veins, base cordate; staminode lobes rounded at apex, subequal |
|
29 P. cacuminum |
+ |
Stem 16-27 cm; basal leaf blade not distinctly punctate, ovate-oblong, 7-9-veined, base deeply cordate; staminode lobes truncate at apex, central one narrower than lateral ones |
|
28 P. submysorensis |
|
|
|
|
55 (49) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate or reniform. |
|
(56) |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate-oblong. |
|
(58) |
|
|
|
|
56 (55) |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate or reniform, longer than wide base cordate |
|
31 P. pusilla |
+ |
Basal leaf blade ovate-cordate, about as long as wide, base deeply cordate. |
|
(57) |
|
|
|
|
57 (56) |
Stem 8-13 cm; basal leaf blade 5-15 × 7-15 mm, cordate or subcordate at base |
|
27 P. mysorensis |
+ |
Stem 23-32 cm; basal leaf blade 3-4.1 × 3-4.1 cm, deeply cordate at base |
|
30 P. cordata |
|
|
|
|
58 (55) |
Stem (13-)17-40 cm; basal leaf blade ovate-oblong or ovate-triangular, truncate, subcordate, or sometimes decurrent at base. |
|
(59) |
+ |
Stem 6-21 cm; basal leaf blade ovate-cordate, not truncate at base. |
|
(61) |
|
|
|
|
59 (58) |
Staminode lamina 3-parted for (1/2-)2/3 its length |
|
32 P. oreophila |
+ |
Staminode lamina 3-lobed for 1/5-1/4(-1/2) its length. |
|
(60) |
|
|
|
|
60 (59) |
Staminodes ca. 3.2 mm, lobes shortly linear; petals yellow |
|
33 P. tibetana |
+ |
Staminodes 4-5 mm, lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; petals white |
|
34 P. nubicola |
|
|
|
|
61 (58) |
Petals obovate or broadly so. |
|
(62) |
+ |
Petals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. |
|
(63) |
|
|
|
|
62 (61) |
Petals purple punctate, broadly obovate; stem less than 6 cm; basal leaf petiole ca. 1 cm, leaf blade usually cordate at base |
|
35 P. subscaposa |
+ |
Petals not or indistinctly punctate, obovate; stem 8-21 cm, rarely shorter; basal leaf petiole (1.5-)3.5-6 cm, leaf blade usually truncate at base |
|
36 P. deqenensis |
|
|
|
|
63 (61) |
Petals white; basal leaf petiole 8-15 mm, occasionally to 4 cm |
|
37 P. trinervis |
+ |
Petals green; basal leaf petiole (1-)5-25 mm |
|
38 P. viridiflora |