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9. Physalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 182. 1753.
酸浆属 suan jiang shu
Herbs annual or perennial, glabrous or pubescent with simple hairs. Leaves mostly equal, sometimes paired, simple, petiolate; leaf blade membranous, entire, denticulate or sinuate. Inflorescences solitary flowers in leaf axils or branch forks. Flowers actinomorphic, 5-merous. Calyx campanulate. Corolla yellow or white, often with a contrasting eye, rotate or rotate-campanulate, subentire or lobed. Stamens shorter than corolla, inserted at base of corolla tube; filaments sometimes expanded at base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-locular, ovules numerous. Stigma minutely 2-lobed. Fruiting calyx becoming enlarged, inflated, entirely enveloping fruit, membranous or leathery, with 5 or l0 longitudinal ribs, base often invaginated. Fruit a juicy globose berry. Seeds numerous, compressed, discoid or reniform, minutely pitted; embryo coiled, subperipheral.
About 75 species: mostly in the Americas, a few in Asia and Europe; six species in China.
The genus embraces many species from the New World that have green fruiting calyces, and several have been introduced to China. Many Chinese collections with green fruiting
calyces could not be determined, and their identity is to be sought among the more than 70 species distributed in various parts of the New World, a task for future workers.
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| 1 |
Fruiting calyx orange to red, subleathery; rhizomatous perennials; corolla white, mostly with greenish or yellowish spots in throat, margins 5-lobed; anthers yellow |
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1 Physalis alkekengi |
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Fruiting calyx green or stramineous, papery or membranous; annuals or short-lived perennials; corolla pale yellow or yellow, sometimes with purple or brown blotches in throat, margin entire; anthers purplish, bluish, or yellow. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Plants perennial, softly villous to puberulent throughout; leaf base cordate; anthers 3 mm or more |
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5 Physalis peruviana |
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Plants annual, glabrescent to variously pubescent with scattered hairs; leaf base obtuse to truncate or cordate; anthers 3 mm or less. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Fruiting pedicel 3-8 mm. |
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(4) |
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Fruiting pedicel 10-25 mm. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Corolla less than 7 mm; anthers less than 2 mm; fruiting calyx 2 cm or less, ribs bumpy, sometimes with stout white hairs; berry not filling calyx; stems with long many-celled hairs |
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2 Physalis minima |
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Corolla more than 10 mm; anthers more than 2 mm; fruiting calyx 2 cm or more, ribs smooth, glabrous; berry filling calyx; stems with mostly short hairs, glabrescent |
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4 Physalis philadelphica |
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| 5 (3) |
Fruiting calyx strongly 5-angled, glabrous; calyx lobes immediately after anthesis linear-lanceolate |
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6 Physalis cordata |
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Fruiting calyx weakly 10-angled, often minutely puberulent; calyx lobes immediately after anthesis deltate |
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3 Physalis angulata |
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Lower Taxa
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