1	Corollas urceolate, 2.5–4.5 mm; pedicels 1.5–3 mm in flower, 3–5 mm in fruit; fruiting calyx 5-ribbed		22 Physalis solanacea
+	Corollas rotate to campanulate-rotate, 5–20 mm; pedicels 2–46 mm in flower, 3–60 mm in fruit; fruiting calyx 10-ribbed or sharply 5-angled.		(2)
2 (1)	Anthers strongly twisted after dehiscence; fruiting calyx filled, and often burst, by berry		19 Physalis philadelphica
+	Anthers not twisted after dehiscence; fruiting calyx loosely enclosing, or nearly filled, by berry.		(3)
3 (2)	Plants pubescent, hairs 2- or 3-branched or dendroid-stelliform, or glabrous except for dendroid-stelliform hairs on leaf margins and calyx.		(4)
+	Plants pubescent, hairs simple, or glabrous except for simple hairs on pedicels and calyx, or glabrous.		(12)
4 (3)	Hairs predominantly 2- or 3-branched.		(5)
+	Hairs predominantly dendroid-stelliform.		(6)
5 (4)	Hairs to 0.5 mm, appressed, giving plants a grayish appearance; pedicels 3–11(–17) mm in flower, 10–15(–20) mm in fruit		10 Physalis fendleri (in part)
+	Hairs 0.5–2 mm, divergent; pedicels 8–46 mm in flower, 15–55 mm in fruit		21 Physalis pumila (in part)
6 (4)	Plants glabrous except for leaf margins and calyx.		(7)
+	Plants pubescent.		(8)
7 (6)	Leaves sessile; blade linear-lanceolate (sometimes folded along midrib), 0.2–0.8(–1) cm wide		3 Physalis angustifolia
+	Leaves sessile or petiole to 1/10 blade; blade narrowly spatulate to linear-lanceolate, 0.2–1.5(–2) cm wide		9 Physalis × elliottii (in part)
8 (6)	Leaves sessile or petiole to 1/10 blade; blade elliptic or spatulate to linear-lanceolate.		(9)
+	Leaves petiolate, petioles 1/5 to as long as blade; blades orbiculate to broadly ovate or elliptic.		(10)
9 (8)	Leaf blades 1–4 cm wide; corollas with dark purple-black spots; coastal Louisiana, Texas		6 Physalis cinerascens (in part)
+	Leaf blades 0.2–1.5(–2) cm wide; corollas with pale brown, ochre, or green spots or smudges; Florida		9 Physalis × elliottii (in part)
10 (8)	Leaf blades broadly elliptic to ovate, base rounded, margins usu­ally entire or rarely shallowly sinuate		24 Physalis walteri
+	Leaf blades orbiculate to ovate, base truncate to slightly attenuate, margins usually dentate or sinuate, sometimes entire.		(11)
11 (10)	Plants sparsely to somewhat densely pubescent, hairs to 1 mm		6 Physalis cinerascens (in part)
+	Plants densely pubescent, hairs to 1 mm (obscuring plant surface on younger growth), sometimes also with 2–4 mm branched or simple hairs		17 Physalis mollis
12 (3)	Annuals, taprooted; fruiting calyces sharply 5-angled or 10-ribbed.		(13)
+	Perennials, rhizomatous; fruiting calyces 10-ribbed.		(19)
13 (12)	Corollas rotate; flowering pedicels (13–)20–34(–40) mm		1 Physalis acutifolia
+	Corollas campanulate-rotate; flowering pedicels 2–17(–22) mm.		(14)
14 (13)	Corollas without spots or smudges, or only tinged purple; fruiting calyces 10-ribbed.		(15)
+	Corollas with 5 large, dark purple-black spots or smudges; fruiting calyces sharply 5-angled.		(16)
15 (14)	Plants glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs eglandular; leaf blades narrowly elliptic-ovate to linear-lanceolate; pedicels 7–17(–22) mm in flower, 15–30 mm in fruit		2 Physalis angulata
+	Plants sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs intermixed glandular and eglandular; leaf blades broadly ovate to orbiculate; pedicels 4–7 mm in flower, 5–10 mm in fruit		16 Physalis missouriensis
16 (14)	Leaf margins coarsely dentate, teeth 10+ per side; pedicels (10–)15–35 mm in fruit		7 Physalis cordata
+	Leaf margins entire, irregularly crenate-dentate, or coarsely den­tate, teeth fewer than 10 per side; pedicels 5–15 mm in fruit.		(17)
17 (16)	Plants villous, hairs intermixed with stalked and sessile glands; leaf blades gray-green, usually drying orange or with orange patches		11 Physalis grisea
+	Plants ± glabrous to villous, hairs glandular and/or eglandular; leaf blades green, drying green or grayish-brownish.		(18)
18 (17)	Pedicels noticeably stout, especially in fruit; fruiting calyces nearly spheric		18 Physalis neomexicana
+	Pedicels slender; fruiting calyces always noticeably longer than wide		20 Physalis pubescens
19 (12)	Plants becoming suffrutescent, pubescent, hairs divergent, to 0.5 mm; flowering calyces (3–)4–7(–8) mm		8 Physalis crassifolia
+	Plants remaining herbaceous, glabrous to densely pubescent, hairs appressed or not, 0.5+ mm; flowering calyces 5–14 mm.		(20)
20 (19)	Leaf blades broadly ovate to orbiculate; plants often glandular.		(21)
+	Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, broadly lanceolate, or oblanceolate; plants not glandular.		(23)
21 (20)	Pedicels 4–8(–13) mm in flower, 5–15 mm in fruit		12 Physalis hederifolia
+	Pedicels (8–)9–17(–25) mm in flower, 15–30(–35) mm in fruit.		(22)
22 (21)	Plants glabrous to villous, hairs antrorse, to 1 mm, sometimes also simple, jointed, divergent, 1–2 mm; often with slender, shallowly buried rhizomes		4 Physalis arenicola
+	Plants villous, hairs divergent, 1–2 mm, sometimes also with shorter glan­dular hairs; all rhizomes stout and deeply buried		13 Physalis heterophylla
23 (20)	Plants pubescent, hairs 1–3 mm; anthers usually dark purple to blue, rarely yellow		5 Physalis caudella
+	Plants glabrous or pubescent, hairs to 0.5 mm; anthers yellow or with blue or purple tinge.		(24)
24 (23)	Plants pubescent, hairs mostly simple with some 2- or 3-branched intermixed		10 Physalis fendleri (in part)
+	Plants glabrous or pubescent, hairs simple only.		(25)
25 (24)	Plants glabrous or sparsely strigose, hairs antrorse, to 0.5 mm		15 Physalis longifolia
+	Plants sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs divergent, 1–1.5 mm, and antrorse or retrorse, to 0.5 mm.		(26)
26 (25)	Stems erect; leaf blade margins coarsely to shallowly dentate or entire; hairs divergent and retrorse		23 Physalis virginiana
+	Stems erect to decumbent; leaf blade margins entire or sinuate; hairs divergent and antrorse.		(27)
27 (26)	Leaf blades oblanceolate; eastern coastal plain		14 Physalis lanceolata
+	Leaf blades elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate; Great Plains		21 Physalis pumila (in part)