1	Leaves flattened or subflattened (broadly rhombic in cross section), adaxial surface much paler, stomatal lines mostly or only present on adaxial surface.		(2)
+	Leaves quadrangular in cross section, equifacial or subequifacial, all surfaces similar in color, stomatal lines present and almost equal in number on each surface.		(7)
2 (1)	Seed scales closely arranged before maturity, rigid, ± thinly woody.		(3)
+	Seed scales loosely arranged before maturity, thin, flexible, ± leathery or papery.		(5)
3 (2)	Leaves 1.5-3.5 cm; seeds 1.6-2 cm including wing		14 Picea spinulosa
+	Leaves 1-2.3(-2.5) cm; seeds 1.2-1.6 cm including wing.		(4)
4 (3)	Leaves directed forward and closely appressed on upper side of branchlets, spreading and almost pectinately arranged on lower side, not parallel sided; seed scales at middle of cones obovate-oblong or rhombic, distal margin usually recurved, sometimes elongate		15 Picea brachytyla
+	Leaves directed forward (but not appressed) on upper side of branchlets, slightly directed forward on lower side, parallel sided for most of length; seed scales at middle of cones obovate, convex, distal margin ± incurved, rounded		16 Picea farreri
5 (2)	Leaves subflattened, ± broadly rhombic in cross section; seed cones usually (4-)7-15 × 2.5-5 cm		11 Picea likiangensis
+	Leaves flattened; seed cones usually 2.5-6 × 1.5-3 cm.		(6)
6 (5)	Seed cones violet or black-purple at maturity; leaves 0.7-1.2 cm		12 Picea purpurea
+	Seed cones brown or yellowish brown at maturity; leaves 1-2 cm		13 Picea jezoensis
7 (1)	Bud scales at base of branchlets appressed; 1st-year branchlets glabrous.		(8)
+	Buds scales at base of branchlets ± reflexed (opening in P. schrenkiana); 1st-year branchlets ± pubescent, rarely glabrous.		(12)
8 (7)	Leaves 3.5-5.5 cm; seed cones 12-18 cm		8 Picea smithiana
+	Leaves 0.8-2.5 cm; seed cones, 5-14 cm.		(9)
9 (8)	Seed cones 8-14 × 3-6.5 cm; leaves 1.5-2.5 cm.		(10)
+	Seed cones 5-8 × 2.5-5 cm; leaves 0.8-1.8 cm.		(11)
10 (9)	Winter buds purplish brown, not glossy, to 5 mm; branchlets gray or pale yellow with a little brown; seed scales rhombic-obovate, 2.7-3 cm wide		7 Picea neoveitchii
+	Winter buds reddish brown or dull brown, glossy, 8-10 mm; branchlets yellowish brown; seed scales broadly cuneate-obovate or semiorbicular, 1.5-2.5 cm wide		18 Picea torano
11 (9)	First-year branchlets pale gray or yellowish gray; seed cones 2.5-4 cm		9 Picea wilsonii
+	First-year branchlets yellowish brown or brown; seed cones 5-7 cm		10 Picea morrisonicola
12 (7)	Branchlets densely glandular hairy		1 Picea obovata
+	Branchlets ± pubescent, without glandular hairs, rarely glabrous.		(13)
13 (12)	Branchlets pale yellow or yellow, pendulous; bud scales not reflexed at base of branchlets		2 Picea schrenkiana
+	Branchlets darker, rarely pendulous; bud scales ± reflexed at base of branchlets.		(14)
14 (13)	Leaves yellow-green, slender, ca. 1.5-1.8 mm wide.		(15)
+	Leaves ± glaucous green, stout, ca. 2-2.5 mm wide.		(16)
15 (14)	Seed cones 10-15(-18.5) cm		17 Picea abies
+	Seed cones 5-8 cm		3 Picea koraiensis
16 (14)	Leaf apex acute or pungent		4 Picea asperata
+	Leaf apex obtuse, mucronate, or subacute, upcurved.		(17)
17 (16)	Seed cones green, margin red toward apex before maturity; branchlets reddish, ± glaucous		5 Picea crassifolia
+	Seed cones green before maturity; branchlets yellow-brown or brown in 2nd year, not glaucous		6 Picea meyeri