| 1 |
Leaves deciduous or marcescent in winter. |
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(2) |
| + |
Leaves mostly evergreen. |
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(15) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margin spiniform dentate; bracts of cupule subulate, ligulate, or linear, often reflexed. |
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(3) |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic-obovate, narrowly obovate, or elliptic, margin dentate or undulate; bracts of cupule narrowly lanceolate, triangular, or tubercular. |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Mature leaf blades densely grayish stellate tomentose; cork of bark developed; branchlets glabrous |
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3 Q. variabilis |
| + |
Mature leaf blades glabrous or pubescent only abaxially along veins; cork of bark undeveloped; young branchlets pubescent. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Cupules including bracts 2-4 cm in diam.; nuts 1.5-2 cm in diam. |
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1 Q. acutissima |
| + |
Cupules including bracts ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; nuts 1.3-1.5 cm in diam. |
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2 Q. chenii |
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| 5 (2) |
Cupule bracts narrowly lanceolate, erect or reflexed. |
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(6) |
| + |
Cupule bracts triangular, narrowly triangular, or ovate-lanceolate, adherent to outside wall of cupule. |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Cupule bracts ca. 10 mm |
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4 Q. dentata |
| + |
Cupule bracts 5-8 mm |
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5 Q. yunnanensis |
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| 7 (5) |
Mature leaf blades abaxially with stellate or simple hairs. |
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(8) |
| + |
Mature leaf blades abaxially glabrous or glabrescent. |
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(11) |
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| 8 (7) |
Branchlets glabrous or glabrescent |
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8 Q. aliena |
| + |
Branchlets densely yellowish brown or grayish brown tomentose. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf secondary veins 12-18 on each side of midvein |
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7 Q. griffithii |
| + |
Leaf secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Branchlet and leaf blades abaxially densely with yellowish brown stellate hairs; leaf blade margin dentate; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous |
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5 Q. yunnanensis |
| + |
Branchlets and leaf blades abaxially with grayish brown to yellowish gray stellate hairs; leaf blade margin crenate to dentate; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous |
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6 Q. fabri |
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| 11 (7) |
Leaf margin glandular |
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9 Q. serrata |
| + |
Leaf margin not glandular. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaf margin serrate or with rounded lobes. |
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(13) |
| + |
Leaf margin undulate. |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaf margin with 5-7 lobes on each side ending in 10-30 awns; blade glabrous or barbate; bracts of cupule glabrous; nuts mature 1 year after flowering |
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11 Q. palustris |
| + |
Leaf margin with 5-7 rounded or retuse lobes on each side; blade abaxially glabrous; bracts of cupule gray tomentose; nuts mature the same year as flowering |
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12 Q. robur |
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| 14 (12) |
Petiole 1-3 cm |
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8 Q. aliena |
| + |
Petiole shorter than 1 cm |
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10 Q. mongolica |
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| 15 (1) |
Leaf blade apex obtuse or rarely retuse or mucronate; midvein apically slightly flexuous. |
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(16) |
| + |
Leaf blade apex acute (if obtuse then blade spatulate); midvein straight. |
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(22) |
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| 16 (15) |
Cupules shallowly cupular to discoid; nuts 2–3 cm in diam. |
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13 Q. semecarpifolia |
| + |
Cupules cupular to cuculliform; nuts to 2 cm in diam. |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Leaf blade abaxially with both stellate and simple hairs. |
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(18) |
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Leaf blade abaxially with only stellate hairs. |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaf blade abaxially persistently hairy; cupule rim expanded and wavily rugose at
maturity; cupule bracts grayish brown tomentose from base to middle, apex reddish
brown glabrous; fruit maturing on 1-year-old branchlets, nut 1.5–1.8 cm in diam. |
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14 Q. guyavifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrescent; cupule slightly expanded at maturity but not wavily
rugose; cupule bracts gray pubescent; fruit maturing in 1st year, nut 1–1.5 cm in diam. |
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15 Q. aquifolioides |
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| 19 (17) |
Female inflorescences 3.5–16 cm |
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16 Q. rehderiana |
| + |
Female inflorescences less than 3 cm. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Mature leaf blades abaxially uniformly with pale grayish brown fascicled hairs |
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19 Q. senescens |
| + |
Mature leaf blades abaxially glabrous, glabrescent, or only midvein hairy. |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Trees 6–10(–20) m tall; cupules 4–9 ? 7–15 mm, enclosing 1/4–1/2 of nut;
cupule bracts triangular to triangular-ovate, 1–1.5 mm, gray pubescent except
for apex |
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17 Q. spinosa |
| + |
Shrub (0.5–)1(–2) m tall; cupules 3–4 ? ca. 10 mm, covering base of nut;
cupule bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, grayish brown tomentose |
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18 Q. monimotricha |
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| 22 (15) |
Cupule bracts linear-lanceolate or subuliform, curved or inflexed. |
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(23) |
| + |
Cupule bracts scalelike, triangular, ovate, or elliptic, adherent to outside wall of cupule. |
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(25) |
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| 23 (22) |
Leaf blade obovate-spatulate to elliptic-spatulate |
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20 Q. dolicholepis |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic. |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Leaf blade 5–12 ? 2–6 cm; cupules 1.2–1.5 ? 1.8–2.5 cm; cupule bracts linear-lanceolate,
ca. 5 mm, yellowish brown tomentose; nut 2–2.5 cm |
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21 Q. oxyphylla |
| + |
Leaf blade 3–6 ? 1.3–2.5 cm; cupules 0.8–1 ? 1.2–1.8 cm; cupule bracts subulate,
3–5 mm, grayish pubescent; nut 1.5–1.8 cm |
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22 Q. baronii |
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| 25 (22) |
Petiole 0.2–0.8(–1) cm. |
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(26) |
| + |
Petiole 1–3 cm. |
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(31) |
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| 26 (25) |
Mature leaf blades abaxially densely yellowish gray stellate tomentose |
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23 Q. acrodonta |
| + |
Mature leaf blades abaxially glabrous, glabrescent or only midvein hairy. |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Leaf blade base cuneate and decurrent on petiole |
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28 Q. utilis |
| + |
Leaf blade base usually rounded to cordate, if cuneate then not decurrent on petiole. |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Leaf margin with spiniform teeth |
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27 Q. tarokoensis |
| + |
Leaf margin with blunt teeth. |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Cupule 6 mm or less, enclosing 1/4–1/3 of nut |
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26 Q. bawanglingensis |
| + |
Cupule 6 mm or more, enclosing 1/3 or more of nut. |
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(30) |
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| 30 (29) |
Leaf blade papery; secondary veins 6–8 on each side of midvein; cupules enclosing ca. 3/4 of nut; bracts of cupule not adhering
to outside wall of cupule |
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24 Q. cocciferoides |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery; secondary veins 8–13 on each side of
midvein; cupules enclosing 1/3–1/2 of nut; bracts adhering
to the outside wall of cupule |
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25 Q. phillyreoides |
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| 31 (25) |
Mature leaf blades abaxially with yellowish brown or yellowish gray stellate hairs. |
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(32) |
| + |
Mature leaf blades abaxially glabrous or early glabrescent. |
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(35) |
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| 32 (31) |
Cupules 1.8–2.2 cm in diam. |
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(33) |
| + |
desc needed |
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| 33 (32) |
Leaf secondary veins 14–18 on each side of midvein; margin sharply serrate
apical to base |
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29 Q. lodicosa |
| + |
Leaf secondary veins 8–12 on each side of midvein; margin dentate from
middle to apex |
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30 Q. kingiana |
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| 34 |
Leaf blade adaxially rugose, abaxially with brown to yellowish brown stellate
hairs, margin entire or with scattered teeth |
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34 Q. lanata |
| + |
Leaf blade adaxially smooth, abaxially with yellowish gray glandular hairs,
margin with glandular teeth from middle to apex |
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31 Q. franchetii |
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| 35 (31) |
Leaf blade leathery, margin entire, with scattered teeth or serrate from middle to apex. |
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(36) |
| + |
Leaf blade thinly leathery or papery, margin serrate from middle to apex. |
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(37) |
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| 36 (35) |
Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 6–11 cm wide; secondary
veins 16–20 on each side of midvein |
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32 Q. marlipoensis |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–5.5 cm wide; secondary veins
10–13 on each side of midvein |
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33 Q. engleriana |
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| 37 (35) |
Leaf narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 10–20 cm; margin sharply serrate; secondary veins 14–17 on each side of midvein |
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34 Q. lanata |
| + |
Leaf ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–11 cm; margin hispidulous; secondary veins
9–12 on each side of midvein |
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35 Q. setulosa |
