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1. Burmannia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 287. 1753.
水玉簪属 shui yu zan shu
Herbs, annual or perennial, mycotrophic, semi-mycotrophic, or autotrophic, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems simple, rarely branched. Basal leaves in a distinct rosette; cauline leaves bractlike, small. Flowers solitary or in terminal cymes. Perianth tube actinomorphic, cylindric or trigonous, with 3 lateral wings or sometimes wings absent, without annulus at tube mouth; tepals generally 6, apically distinct; outer tepals larger than inner, unlobed; inner tepals often minute, occasionally lacking. Stamens 3, sessile or subsessile on perianth tube; connective with 0-2 apical and 0 or 1 basal appendages. Ovary trigonous, 3-loculed, with axile placentation; stigmas 2-labiate to funnel-shaped. Fruit capsular, with persistent perianth, dehiscence generally irregular.
About 57 species: tropical and subtropical regions; ten species (one endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Plants with chlorophyll, autotrophic or semi-mycotrophic; basal rosette leaves present |
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(2) |
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Plants without chlorophyll, holomycotrophic; basal rosette leaves absent |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Basal leaves numerous; cauline leaves 1.5-8 cm; inflorescences 8-20-flowered. |
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1 B. disticha |
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Basal leaves few; cauline leaves 0.5-3 cm; inflorescences 1-6(-8)-flowered |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Stems to 40 cm tall; outer tepal margins double and prominent; inner tepal margins double. |
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2 B. coelestis |
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Stems to 24 cm tall; outer tepal margins single or double and shallow; inner tepal margins single |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Inflorescences 1-3(or 4)-flowered; flowers 3-8 mm; stamens sessile in perianth tube. |
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3 B. chinensis |
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Inflorescences (1-)3-5(-8)-flowered; flowers 9-14 mm; stamens with short filament, basally adnate to perianth tube. |
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4 B. filamentosa |
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| 5 (1) |
Stems, leaves, and flowers ± purplish blue |
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(6) |
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Stems, leaves, and flowers whitish or yellow |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Perianth wings narrow or reduced to ribs; outer tepals ca. 1 mm. |
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7 B. wallichii |
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Perianth wings conspicuous, 1-2 mm wide; outer tepals 1.5-2 mm. |
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8 B. itoana |
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| 7 (5) |
Inflorescences (1-)3-13-flowered; inner tepals present, sometimes very small |
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(8) |
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Inflorescences 1-4-flowered; inner tepals absent |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Perianth wings conspicuous, 1-2 mm wide; stamen connectives with a pendent basal spur; seeds fusiform. |
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5 B. nepalensis |
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Perianth wings reduced to ribs or absent; stamen connectives without a pendent basal spur; seeds subglobose. |
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10 B. championii |
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| 9 (7) |
Stems to 20 cm; perianth tube 4.5-5.5 mm; perianth wings 3-5.5 mm wide; stamen connectives with 2 apical crests; seeds fusiform. |
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6 B. oblonga |
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Stems to 9 cm; perianth tube 3-4 mm; perianth wings 0.5-2.5 mm wide; stamen connectives with 1 apical crest; seeds ellipsoid. |
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9 B. cryptopetala |
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Lower Taxa
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