1 |
Dwarf shrubs erect, ascending, procumbent, creeping, or cushion-shaped, usually less than 30(-50) cm tall. |
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(2) |
+ |
Shrubs or trees erect, more than 30 cm tall. |
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(9) |
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2 (1) |
Leaves adaxially white woolly, at least some young branchlets white woolly in autumn |
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31 Sect. Subviminales |
+ |
Leaves and young branchlets not white woolly. |
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(3) |
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3 (2) |
Petiole more than 1/4 as long as leaf blade. |
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(4) |
+ |
Petiole less than 1/4 as long as leaf blade. |
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(5) |
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4 (3) |
Leaves more than 2 cm |
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20 Sect. Diplodictyae |
+ |
Leaves less than 2 cm |
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11 Sect. Lindleyanae |
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5 (3) |
Plant erect or ascending. |
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(6) |
+ |
Plant creeping or cushion-shaped. |
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(7) |
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6 (5) |
Branchlets brown or dull brown to nearly black |
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10 Sect. Floccosae |
+ |
Branchlets light brown |
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7 Sect. Fulvopubescentes |
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7 (5) |
Leaf blade entire at margin, rarely crenate, at least some retuse at apex (or long obovate and acute at apex: |
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23 Sect. Arbuscella |
+ |
Leaf blade dentate at margin, at least some sparsely serrate toward apex, usually not retuse at apex. |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Leaves with sharply pointed, nearly spinose teeth at margin or, if glandular serrulate, then generally 2-3 × 1-2 cm |
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21 Sect. Myrtosalix |
+ |
Leaves less than 1.5 cm, without spinose teeth at margin |
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7 Sect. Fulvopubescentes |
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9 (1) |
Leaf blade green, at least 5 × as long as wide, usually linear, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate. |
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(10) |
+ |
Leaf blade rarely slightly grayish blue, less than 5 × as long as wide, often elliptic to suborbicular or oblong to obovate-oblong. |
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(36) |
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10 (9) |
Leaf blade entire, subentire, or sinuolate (sometimes serrate in |
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8 Sect. Magnificae |
+ |
Leaf blade serrate. |
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(25) |
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11 |
Leaves abaxially pilose (or with rudimentary, comose indumentum along midvein). |
|
(12) |
+ |
Leaves abaxially glabrous (or slightly downy along midvein). |
|
(21) |
|
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12 (11) |
Leaves abaxially brown or white downy, at least pilose along veins |
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7 Sect. Fulvopubescentes |
+ |
Leaves abaxially sericeous, white tomentose, or with rudimentary, comose indumentum or, if downy, then narrow and small, to 4.5 cm × 1-3 mm. |
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(13) |
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13 (12) |
Leaves in distal 1/2 of branchlets usually less than 5 cm (rarely slightly longer), abaxially with yellowish brown hairs, white sericeous, or ± silky. |
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(14) |
+ |
Leaves in distal 1/2 of branchlets usually more than 5 cm, abaxially sericeous, tomentose or with rudimentary, comose indumentum, rarely pilose. |
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(16) |
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14 (13) |
Leaf blade in distal 1/2 of branchlets (8-)9(-21) × as long as wide; branchlets usually red or reddish black, downy or glabrous |
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34 Sect. Cheilophilae |
+ |
Leaf blade in distal 1/2 of branchlets 5-8 × as long as wide; branchlets densely brown tomentose. |
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(15) |
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15 (14) |
Branchlets ca. 1 mm thick, densely yellowish brown tomentose; plants 50-80 cm tall, growing in marshes |
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29 Sect. Incubaceae |
+ |
Branchlets more than 2 mm thick, yellowish brown, dull colored, or grayish white tomentose; plants more than 1 m tall, not growing in marshes |
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14 Sect. Eriocladae |
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16 (13) |
Leaf blade broadly linear to linear-lanceolate (oblong on shoots of S.rehderiana) |
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28 Vimen |
+ |
Leaf blade lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, rarely narrowly obovate. |
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(17) |
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17 (16) |
Leaves abaxially sparsely silky or downy; ovary glabrous, shortly stipitate. |
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(18) |
+ |
Leaves abaxially densely sericeous or tomentose, or with rudimentary, comose indumentum along midvein; ovary pilose, sessile. |
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(19) |
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18 (17) |
Leaves to 10 cm |
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9 Sect. Denticulatae |
+ |
Leaves more than 10 cm |
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8 Sect. Magnificae |
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19 (17) |
Leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate |
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28 Vimen |
+ |
Leaf blade not linear to linear-lanceolate. |
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(20) |
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20 (19) |
Leaf blade lanceolate or broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, to 6 cm, abaxially yellowish tomentose |
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14 Sect. Eriocladae |
+ |
Leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, usually more than 6 cm, abaxially not yellowish tomentose |
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13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
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21 (11) |
Leaf margin sinuolate or revolute |
|
28 Vimen |
+ |
Leaf margin neither sinuolate nor revolute. |
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(22) |
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22 (21) |
Leaves usually more than 5 cm. |
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(23) |
+ |
Leaves usually less than 5 cm. |
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(24) |
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23 (22) |
Leaf blade (10-)15-20 × 3-5 cm |
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8 Sect. Magnificae |
+ |
Leaf blade to 15 × 3 cm |
|
36 Helix |
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24 (22) |
Leaves abaxially pale; ovary glabrous |
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9 Sect. Denticulatae |
+ |
Leaves abaxially light green; ovary hairy |
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12 Sect. Sclerophyllae |
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25 (10) |
Leaf apex obtuse or acute to shortly acuminate or, if acuminate, then margin thickened, bonelike, with glandular teeth; shrubs, rarely small trees. |
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(26) |
+ |
Leaf apex long acuminate or acuminate (acute in S. tengchongensis); trees. |
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(31) |
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26 (25) |
Leaf blade ca. 17 × 1-4.5 cm |
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13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
+ |
Leaf blade smaller. |
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(27) |
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27 (26) |
Leaf blade margin with densely regularly spaced teeth 4 or 5 per cm |
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5 Sect. Amygdalinae |
+ |
Leaf blade margin remotely dentate, teeth more remote and inconspicuous toward leaf base. |
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(28) |
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28 (27) |
Young branchlets and leaves glabrous; stipules linear. |
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(29) |
+ |
Young branchlets and leaves tomentose; stipules lanceolate, rarely reniform or ovate. |
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(30) |
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29 (28) |
Mature leaf blade more than 3 mm wide, usually broadest above middle |
|
36 Helix |
+ |
Mature leaf blade less than 3 mm wide, usually more than 8 cm, proximal and distal parts nearly equally wide |
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37 Sect. Flavidae |
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30 (28) |
Mature leaf blade (4-)5-6(-8) × as long as wide |
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35 Sect. Haoanae |
+ |
Mature leaf blade 3-4(-5) × as long as wide |
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31 Sect. Subviminales |
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31 (25) |
Distal part of petiole ± glandular. |
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(32) |
+ |
Distal part of petiole eglandular. |
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(33) |
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32 (31) |
Stipules small, subulate, caducous; young branchlets and leaves very viscid |
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4 Sect. Pentandrae |
+ |
Stipules developed, especially on shoots, semicordate or semiovate-lanceolate; young branchlets and leaves not or only slightly viscid |
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3 Wilsonia |
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33 (31) |
Stipules small, subulate, semicordate-lanceolate, or caducous; branchlets usually slender, weak, pendulous or ± pendulous |
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6 Sect. Salix |
+ |
Stipules ovate-lanceolate, ovate, broadly ovate, or semicordate; branchlets thick, not pendulous. |
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(34) |
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34 (33) |
Juvenile branchlets glabrous; buds longer than petioles; leaf margin regularly serrulate |
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26 Sect. Daphnella |
+ |
Juvenile branchlets ± pilose; buds shorter than petioles. |
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(35) |
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35 (34) |
Leaves usually 9-10 cm |
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1 Sect. Tetraspermae |
+ |
Leaves 2.4-6.5 cm |
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13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
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36 (9) |
Stipules semicordate, reniform, or suborbicular, large, broad, especially prominent on shoots, if semiovate or broadly lanceolate, then leaves slightly grayish blue. |
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(37) |
+ |
Stipules neither semicordate, reniform, nor suborbicular, sometimes caducous. |
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(40) |
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37 (36) |
Petiole glandular distally or, if eglandular, then leaf blade elliptic or oblong, abaxially silky, or ovate, basally cordate, with brown downy veins abaxially, or leaf margin serrulate or crenate-serrate |
|
3 Wilsonia |
+ |
Petiole eglandular distally. |
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(38) |
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38 (37) |
Leaf blade orbicular, suborbicular, or rhombic-elliptic, abaxially often glabrous, margin serrate |
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22 Sect. Hastatae |
+ |
Leaf blade broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, obovate, obovate-oblong, or elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, rarely suborbicular or, if lanceolate, then abaxially slightly grayish blue. |
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(39) |
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39 (38) |
Leaves abaxially densely sericeous, with conspicuous, lateral veins, obovate-oblong or oblong |
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31 Sect. Subviminales |
+ |
Leaves abaxially tomentose or glabrous, rarely silky, with indistinct, lateral veins, neither obovate-oblong nor oblong |
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24 Vetrix |
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40 (36) |
Petiole on distal part of branchlets usually more than 1/4 as long as leaf blade; plant usually 30-50 cm tall. |
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(41) |
+ |
Petiole on distal part of branchlets usually less than 1/4 as long as leaf blade; plants more than 50 cm tall. |
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(43) |
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41 (40) |
Leaf blade dentate, rarely entire |
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10 Sect. Floccosae |
+ |
Leaf blade entire. |
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(42) |
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42 (41) |
Leaves more than 2 cm |
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20 Sect. Diplodictyae |
+ |
Leaves less than 2 cm |
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12 Sect. Sclerophyllae |
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43 (40) |
Leaves on distal 1/2 of branchlets less than 5 cm, those of a few species somewhat longer, with entire margins. |
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(44) |
+ |
Leaves on distal part of branchlets more than 5 cm. |
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(61) |
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44 (43) |
Leaves grayish blue, opposite or subopposite |
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32 Sect. Caesiae |
+ |
Leaves not grayish blue, alternate. |
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(45) |
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45 (44) |
Leaf blade (narrowly) oblong or narrowly obovate-oblong |
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33 Sect. Variegatae |
+ |
Leaf blade neither oblong nor narrowly obovate-oblong. |
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(46) |
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46 (45) |
Leaves adaxially conspicuously wrinkled |
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18 Sect. Chamaetia |
+ |
Leaves adaxially smooth. |
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(47) |
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47 (46) |
Leaves 1-2 cm, elliptic or oblong; 1-year-old branchlets ca. 1 mm thick; plants growing in marshes |
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17 Sect. Myrtilloides |
+ |
Leaves usually more than 2 cm, variably shaped; 1-year-old branchlets more than 1 mm thick; plants not growing in marshes. |
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(48) |
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48 (47) |
Nodes relatively expanded, forming beaded chains; internodes of branchlets usually less than 1 cm. |
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(49) |
+ |
Nodes neither expanded nor forming beaded chains; internodes of branchlets more than 1 cm. |
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(50) |
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49 (48) |
Mature leaf blade often obovate-oblong, ca. 3 × as long as wide; fallen leaves from previous year rust colored |
|
31 Sect. Subviminales |
+ |
Mature leaf blade variably shaped, usually elliptic, 1.5-2 × as long as wide; fallen leaves from previous year not rust colored |
|
12 Sect. Sclerophyllae |
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50 (48) |
Mature leaves abaxially pilose, at least with rudimentary hairs along veins abaxially. |
|
(51) |
+ |
Mature leaves abaxially glabrous. |
|
(57) |
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51 (50) |
Mature leaves abaxially densely sericeous. |
|
(52) |
+ |
Mature leaves abaxially neither densely sericeous nor with rudimentary hairs only along veins. |
|
(55) |
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52 (51) |
Leaf margin serrate distally |
|
31 Sect. Subviminales |
+ |
Leaf margin entire. |
|
(53) |
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53 (52) |
Leaves white pubescent or with hairs only along veins |
|
25 Sect. Lanatae |
+ |
Leaves sericeous. |
|
(54) |
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54 (53) |
Young leaves only abaxially sericeous |
|
27 Sect. Argyraceae |
+ |
Young leaves yellowish sericeous on both surfaces |
|
29 Sect. Incubaceae |
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55 (51) |
Juvenile branchlets pilose or, if glabrous, then most leaves aggregated at apex of branchlets |
|
14 Sect. Eriocladae |
+ |
Juvenile branchlets glabrous, or pilose when young, glabrescent; leaves lateral, not aggregated at apex of branchlets. |
|
(56) |
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56 (55) |
Branchlets russet |
|
13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
+ |
Branchlets yellowish brown or brown |
|
6 Sect. Salix |
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57 (50) |
Leaves on distal part of branchlets entire or only dentate distally, entire proximally; ovary glabrous. |
|
(58) |
+ |
Leaves on distal part of branchlets dentate. |
|
(59) |
|
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58 (57) |
One-year-old branchlets ± pilose |
|
9 Sect. Denticulatae |
+ |
One-year-old branchlets glabrous |
|
15 Sect. Heterochromae |
|
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59 (57) |
Leaves grayish blue |
|
19 Sect. Glaucae |
+ |
Leaves not grayish blue. |
|
(60) |
|
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60 (59) |
Petiole 2-5 mm |
|
22 Sect. Hastatae |
+ |
Petiole 5-15 mm or, if less than 5 mm, then plants growing on Changbai Shan, NE China |
|
23 Sect. Arbuscella |
|
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61 (43) |
Leaf apex acute to acuminate. |
|
(62) |
+ |
Leaf apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. |
|
(68) |
|
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62 (61) |
Leaves often more than (9-)10 cm. |
|
(63) |
+ |
Leaves less than 9 cm. |
|
(64) |
|
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63 (62) |
Leaves abaxially light green or slightly white, with inconspicuous, reticulate veins (plants growing S of 23° N latitude) |
|
1 Sect. Tetraspermae |
+ |
Leaves abaxially white, with conspicuous, reticulate veins |
|
2 Sect. Urbanianae |
|
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|
64 (62) |
Leaves on at least distal part of branchlets silky abaxially |
|
27 Sect. Argyraceae |
+ |
Leaves abaxially neither silky nor glabrous. |
|
(65) |
|
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65 (64) |
Leaves entire or subentire. |
|
(66) |
+ |
Leaves dentate. |
|
(67) |
|
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|
66 (65) |
Branchlets densely tomentose, yellowish green; leaves abaxially often pilose; stipules ovate to lanceolate |
|
25 Sect. Lanatae |
+ |
Branchlets sparsely pilose or glabrous, usually reddish purple or reddish black; leaves pilose or glabrescent; stipules often caducous |
|
15 Sect. Heterochromae |
|
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67 (65) |
Glandular dots at tips of teeth not developed; young leaves not viscid, usually with brown hairs or downy |
|
30 Sect. Sieboldianae |
+ |
Glandular dots at tips of teeth developed; young leaves viscid, glabrous |
|
4 Sect. Pentandrae |
|
|
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|
68 (61) |
Leaf blade on distal part of branchlets usually more than 7 cm, usually broadest below middle, broadly ovate to suborbicular, abaxially glabrous; ovary glabrous |
|
8 Sect. Magnificae |
+ |
Leaf blade on distal part of branchlets usually less than 7 cm or, if longer, then abaxially pilose or at least pilose along veins, usually broadest above middle, obovate-elliptic to obovate-oblong, rarely elliptic or oblong-elliptic. |
|
(69) |
|
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|
|
69 (68) |
Leaves glabrous, with thin texture |
|
23 Sect. Arbuscella |
+ |
Leaves abaxially often pilose or glabrescent and with rudimentary hairs only along veins, rarely glabrous and then leaf blade relatively thick. |
|
(70) |
|
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|
|
70 (69) |
Leaves abaxially sericeous, shiny |
|
31 Sect. Subviminales |
+ |
Leaves abaxially tomentose or glabrous. |
|
(71) |
|
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71 (70) |
Juvenile branchlets pilose only on newly sprouted parts; 2-year-old branchlets glabrous, reddish purple or dark red, ca. 2 mm in diam. |
|
15 Sect. Heterochromae |
+ |
Juvenile branchlets pubescent; some 2-year-old branchlets pilose, not reddish purple, ca. 2.5 mm or more in diam. |
|
(72) |
|
|
|
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72 (71) |
Stipules caducous or inconspicuous |
|
13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
+ |
Stipules prominent, ovate-lanceolate |
|
25 Sect. Lanatae |