1	Stipules adnate to the petiole at leat at 1/2 of their length, persistent.		(2)
+	Stipules free or adnate at base, caducous.		(13)
2 (1)	Sepals and petals 4.		4 Rosa sericea
+	Sepals and petals 5.		(3)
3 (2)	Styles united in a distinct column (often broken in fruit). Orifice very narrow. Flowers usually in panicles. Stems climbing or arching.		(4)
+	Styles free. Erect shrubs, if stems arching then flowers solitary or few.		(5)
4 (3)	Stipules pectinate or deeply dentate, with ± long fringes on the margin. Flowers small, c. 20 mm in diameter (planted or rarely escaped).		10 Rosa multiflora
+	Stipules entire or indistinctly serrate, without fringes on the margin. Flowers larger (wild in the North).		9 Rosa brunonii
5 (3)	Flowers white, small, often in panicles. Styles densely hairy forming compact head. Stipules narrow with erect auricles. Prickles usually curved. Fruit small, spherical. Sepals entire, often caducous together with the top of hypanthium.		5 Rosa beggeriana
+	Plants with different combination of characters.		(6)
6 (5)	Flowers yellow, sometimes flushed with red. Stipules narrow, with abruptly diverging auricles (upper free part).		(7)
+	Flowers of another colour. Stipules broader or with straight, not diverging auricles.		(9)
7 (6)	Styles glabrous or sparsely hairy below the stigma, forming loose head. Sepals patent or reflexed in fruit. Flowers very small, pure yellow. Stems usually zigzag, densely prickly.		3 Rosa ecae
+	Styles densely hairy, forming large compact head. Sepals erect or ascending in fruit. Flowers medium-sized. Stem ± straight, not zigzag.		(8)
8 (7)	Sepals ± dilated at apex. Flowers often flushed with red. Fruit red wh en mature.		2 Rosa foetida
+	Sepals not dilaed at apex. Flowers pure yellow. Fruit brownish wh en mature.		1 Rosa kokanica
9 (6)	Outer sepals with lateral lobes, deflexed and normally caduceus in fruit. Styles shortly protruding above the disc, glabrous or loosely hairy. Orifice narrow, less than 1 mm in diameter (less than 1/3 of the disc diameter). Flowers single. Fruit well developed. Stems usually arching.		8 Rosa canina
+	Plants with different combination of characters.		(10)
10 (9)	Wild plants. Flowers single. Styles densely hairy, forming compact head. Sepals entire. Fruit usually well developed, entirely filled with numerous well formed achenes.		(11)
+	Cultivated plants, sometimes escaped from cultivation. Flowers often double or semidouble. Styles usually loose, often distinctly protruding above the disc. Sepals usually lobed. Fruits often undeveloped or if so then usually with few well formed achenes.		(12)
11 (10)	Leaflets (7-) 9-11, usually elliptic or obovate, serrulate, with more than 8 lateral veins. Prickles uniform, infrastipular.		7 Rosa macrophylla
+	Leaflets 5-7 (-9), variable in shape, elliptic to roundish, grossly serrate, with 5-8 lateral veins. Prickles often mixed with acicles, bristles or stalked glands.		6 Rosa webbiana
12 (10)	Leaves persistent, leaflets glossy and deep green above, hairless beneath except for the downy midrib.		13 Rosa chinensis
+	Leaves deciduous, leaflets dull green aboe, distinctly hairy beneath.		Rosa x alba group
13 (1)	Flowers in corymbs, small, up to 25 mm in diameter, fruit small, up c. 10 mm in diameter, smooth. Leaflets 3-5 (-7).		11 Rosa banksiae
+	Flowers solitary, much larger, fruit large, bristly. Leaflets 3.		12 Rosa laevigata