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1a. Eriogonum Michaux subg. Eucycla (Nuttall) Kuntze in T. E. von Post and O. Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 204. 1903.
Eucycla Nuttall, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 16. 1848
Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, sometimes nearly arborescent, perennial, glabrous or pubescent, rarely glandular; taproot woody. Stems matted to spreading, decumbent, or erect, infrequently absent, with or without persistent leaf bases, glabrous or variously pubescent or glandular; caudex stems woody, tightly compact to spreading and at or just below surface, or spreading to erect and above surface; aerial flowering stems arising at nodes of caudex branches, at distal nodes of aerial branches, or directly from root, prostrate or decumbent to erect, slender to stout and usually solid, infrequently slightly to distinctly fistulose and hollow. Leaves basal, sometimes in rosettes, sometimes sheathing up stems, cauline, or basal and cauline, 1 per node or fasciculate on flowering stems, at tips of dwarf branches, or on exposed woody caudices, usually persistent, occasionally persistent through growing season or longer, rarely quickly deciduous; blade glabrous or floccose to tomentose, occasionally also glandular. Inflorescences cymose, cymose-umbellate, umbellate, virgate, or racemose, mostly spreading and open to diffuse, sometimes dense, congested, or compact, sometimes reduced and in subumbellate, subcapitate, or capitate heads or reduced to a single terminal involucre; branches open to diffuse, spreading to erect, usually dichotomously branched except for initial trichotomous node, round and smooth, rarely grooved, angled, or ridged, tomentose to floccose or glabrous, occasionally lanate or glandular, rarely scabrellous; bracts usually 3, connate basally, usually scalelike, sometimes semileaflike or leaflike. Peduncles absent or erect, usually stout. Involucres 1-8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3-)5-6(-10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers bisexual or, infrequently, unisexual, not attenuate at base, without stipelike base (except for slightly winged stipelike bases in E. saxatile and E. crocatum); perianth various shades of white, yellow, pink, or red, glabrous, glandular, or variously pubescent abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially except for minute glands and a few scattered hairs; tepals connate only basally or in proximal 2, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, sometimes included; filaments variously pubescent but usually pilose proximally, infrequently glabrous. Achenes light to dark brown, not winged (but nearly so in E. saxatile), 3-gonous, glabrous, occasionally with minutely papillate beak. Seeds: embryo curved.
Species 107 (101 in the flora): w North America (including nw Mexico), mainly arid regions. Species of subg. Eucycla not accounted for in this treatment are: Eriogonum encelioides Reveal & C. A. Hanson, E. fastigiatum Parry, E. molle Greene, E. orcuttianum S. Watson, E. pondii Greene, and E. zapatoense Moran. All are native to Baja California, Mexico. The keys to species for subg. Eucycla are broken into geographic regions to aid in identification. They are: California (key 1, p. 225); British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington (key 2, p. 228); Nevada and Utah (key 3, p. 231); Arizona and New Mexico (key 4, p. 237); Alberta, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming (key 5, p. 239); and Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Great Plains states, and Texas (key 6, p. 242).
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Key 2—British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
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| 1 |
Plants subshrubs or shrubs |
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(2) |
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Plants herbaceous, sometimes cespitose perennials |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Perianths villous; involucres 3.5-5 mm; peduncles (1-)3-10 cm; Josephine County, Oregon |
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86 Eriogonum pendulum |
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Perianths glabrous; involucres usually shorter than 3.5 mm; peduncles absent or shorter than 1.5 cm; widespread |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaves cauline; widespread |
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1 Eriogonum microthecum |
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Leaves basal; Deschutes, Harney, Klamath, Lake, and Malheur counties, Oregon |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Plants (3-)3.5-9 dm; perianths greenish white to pale yellow; Malheur County, Oregon |
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63 Eriogonum novonudum (in part) |
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Plants 0.3-1 dm; perianths yellow; Deschutes, Harney, Klamath, and Lake counties, Oregon |
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48 Eriogonum cusickii (in part) |
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| 5 (1) |
Plants erect to spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, not forming compact, dense, cespitose mats; inflorescences branched |
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(6) |
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Plants forming compact, dense, pulvinate to cespitose mats; inflorescences capitate, rarely branched |
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(14) |
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| 6 (5) |
Perianths usually hairy abaxially, sometimes sparsely so near base |
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(7) |
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Perianths glabrous |
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(9) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blades lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 4-15(-25) cm, loosely villous and green on both surfaces; e of Cascade Ranges in e Oregon and Washington e to Elmore and Washington counties, Idaho, and Siskiyou Mountains of s Oregon e into desert ranges of Lake County, Oregon |
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94 Eriogonum elatum |
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Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1-5 cm, densely white-lanate to tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes floccose or glabrous and green adaxially; widespread |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Involucres and flowering stems glabrous or, if tomentose, then inflorescences compound-cymose; leaf blades lanate to tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes floccose or glabrous adaxially; plants not forming dense mats; widespread, s Oregon |
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91 Eriogonum nudum (in part) |
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Involucres and flowering stems tomentose; inflorescences capitate or cymose; leaf blades densely whitish-lanate or tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; plants forming dense mats; immediate coast, Curry County, Oregon |
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92 Eriogonum latifolium (in part) |
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| 9 (6) |
Leaf blades linear to oblanceolate; perianths yellow; se Idaho |
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27 Eriogonum brevicaule (in part) |
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Leaf blades lanceolate, elliptic to ovate, or oval; perianths white, or if yellow then not of se Idaho |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Tepals dimorphic |
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(11) |
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Tepals monomorphic |
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(12) |
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| 11 (10) |
Inflorescences usually not leafy-bracteate, umbellate-cymose to cymose, 1-20 cm; involucres 1 per node, rarely 2-5 per cluster, glabrous or tomentose; perianths white or yellow to rose or purple; petioles rarely twisted |
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96 Eriogonum strictum |
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Inflorescences generally leafy-bracteate at least at proximal nodes, cymose, 10-30 cm; involucres 1 per node, tomentose; perianths cream to reddish; petioles often twisted |
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97 Eriogonum niveum |
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| 12 (10) |
Leaves white-tomentose on both surfaces; Malheur County, Oregon |
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63 Eriogonum novonudum (in part) |
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Leaves not white-tomentose on both surfaces, or if so then not of Malheur County, Oregon |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Involucres and flowering stems glabrous or, if tomentose, inflorescences compound-cymose; leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate; plants not forming mats; widespread, s Oregon |
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91 Eriogonum nudum (in part) |
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Involucres and flowering stems tomentose; inflorescences capitate or cymose; leaf blades densely whitish-lanate or tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; plants forming dense mats; immediate coast, Curry County, Oregon |
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92 Eriogonum latifolium (in part) |
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| 14 (5) |
Inflorescences umbellate, branching sometimes obscured by flowers |
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(15) |
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Inflorescences capitate |
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(18) |
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| 15 (14) |
Perianths hairy abaxially; se Washington |
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61 Eriogonum codium (in part) |
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Perianths glabrous abaxially; c or se Idaho, or sc Oregon |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Outer tepals ca. 2 times as wide as inner ones; perianths bright white; c Idaho |
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98 Eriogonum ovalifolium (in part) |
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Outer tepals ca. as wide as inner ones; perianths yellow or ochroleucous; se Idaho or sc Oregon |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Involucres tomentose to floccose; perianths yellow or ochroleucous; leaf blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate, to 7 × 0.5 cm; se Idaho |
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27 Eriogonum brevicaule (in part) |
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Involucres glabrous; perianths yellow; leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, to 1.2 × 0.3 cm; sc Oregon |
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48 Eriogonum cusickii (in part) |
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| 18 (14) |
Perianths hairy abaxially; achenes pubescent at least at beak; inflorescences typically branched but occasionally seemingly or actually capitate |
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(19) |
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Flowers glabrous or glandular, not hairy; achenes glabrous, except on beaks; inflorescences usually capitate, rarely umbellate to cymose |
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(20) |
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| 19 (18) |
Perianths lemon yellow; se Washington |
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61 Eriogonum codium (in part) |
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Perianths white to rose or yellow; s Idaho |
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68 Eriogonum shockleyi |
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| 20 (18) |
Involucres membranous |
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(21) |
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Involucres rigid |
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(24) |
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| 21 (20) |
Perianths cream; se Idaho |
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50 Eriogonum mancum (in part) |
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Perianths pale yellow to yellow; c and w Idaho, or e Oregon |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Perianths pale yellow; flowering stems glandular-hairy; leaf blades white-tomentose and glandular on both surfaces; Wallowa County, Oregon, and Adams and Idaho counties, Idaho |
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55 Eriogonum scopulorum |
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Perianths yellow; flowering stems glandular or thinly floccose to tomentose; leaf blades tomentose on both surfaces or less so and grayish to greenish adaxially, not glandular; Blaine, Butte, Camas, Custer, Lemhi, and Owyhee counties, Idaho, or Malheur County, Oregon |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Flowering stems glandular or thinly floccose; involucres tomentose or glandular; Blaine, Butte, Camas, Custer, Lemhi, and Owyhee counties, Idaho |
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49 Eriogonum crosbyae (in part) |
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Flowering stems floccose to tomentose; involucres glabrous except for margins of teeth; Malheur County, Oregon |
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56 Eriogonum chrysops |
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| 24 (20) |
Tepals dimorphic, those of outer whorl generally 2 times as wide as those of inner whorl or, if dimorphic but less than 2 times as wide, plants of subalpine or alpine habitats, or leaf blades elliptic to round and perianths white to cream or rose |
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98 Eriogonum ovalifolium (in part) |
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Tepals monomorphic, those of outer whorl ca. as wide as those of inner whorl or, if slightly dimorphic, plants not of subalpine or alpine habitats, or leaf blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic and perianths usually yellow |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Inflorescences of 1 involucre atop peduncle; inflorescence bracts absent; Beaverhead Mountains, Lemhi County, Idaho |
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51 Eriogonum soliceps |
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Inflorescences of 2-8 involucres atop scape; inflorescence bracts subtending cluster of involucres; widespread |
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(26) |
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| 26 (25) |
Perianths distinctly pustulose along midribs and base abaxially |
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(27) |
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Perianths not pustulose abaxially |
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(28) |
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| 27 (26) |
Perianths yellow; Blaine, Butte, Camas, Custer, Lemhi, and Owyhee counties, Idaho |
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49 Eriogonum crosbyae (in part) |
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Perianths white to cream; Butte, Clark, Custer, and Lemhi counties, Idaho |
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50 Eriogonum mancum (in part) |
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| 28 (26) |
Involucres turbinate, 2.5-4.5(-6) × 1.5-2.5(-4) mm; leaf blades (0.2-)1-10(-12) |
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(29) |
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Involucres campanulate, 2-4 × 2-4 mm; leaf blades 0.5-1.5 cm |
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(30) |
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| 29 (28) |
Flowering stems to 1.4 dm, tomentose; se Idaho |
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27 Eriogonum brevicaule (in part) |
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Flowering stems (0.6-)1-4(-5) dm, glabrous or rarely slightly floccose; sw Idaho, se Oregon |
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62 Eriogonum ochrocephalum |
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| 30 (28) |
Involucres (2-)3-4 × (2.5-)3-4 mm, glabrous or floccose only on teeth; flowers 2-3.5(-4) mm, perianth bright yellow; Harney, Lake, and Baker counties, Oregon |
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47 Eriogonum prociduum |
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Involucres 2-3.5 × 2-3.5 mm, floccose throughout; flowers 1.5-3 mm, perianth yellow; Harney and Lake counties, Oregon |
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49 Eriogonum crosbyae (in part) |
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