1	Inflorescences centripetal (lowermost flower or flower farthest from axis opening first), usually clearly racemose or spicate, sometimes condensed into capitula, always terminal; 1 or 2 stigma lobes prominently expanded (subfam. Verbenoideae).		(2)
+	Inflorescences centrifugal (uppermost flower or flower closest to axis opening first), usually clearly cymose, sometimes grouped into elongated thyrses or reduced to axillary flowers or clusters of flowers; stigma lobes usually linear to tongue-shaped (capitate in Callicarpa) (subfam. Viticoideae).		(6)
2 (1)	Inflorescences dense capitula or short spikes, with overlapping bracts, rachis obscure.		(3)
+	Inflorescences elongated spikes or racemes, without overlapping bracts, rachis easily visible.		(4)
3 (2)	Shrubs, sometimes climbing; fruit a drupe; flowers red, orange, or yellow; stem spiny		2 Lantana
+	Herbs, creeping and rooting at nodes; fruit a capsule; flowers purple; stem not spiny		3 Phyla
4 (2)	Stamens 2; rachis excavated; fruit splitting into 2 1-seeded cocci		4 Stachytarpheta
+	Stamens 4; rachis not excavated; fruit splitting into pyrenes.		(5)
5 (4)	Shrubs, often climbing; ovary 8-locular; fruit fleshy; pyrenes 2-seeded; flowers pedicellate		1 Duranta
+	Annual or weakly perennial herbs; ovary 4-locular; fruit dry; pyrenes 1-seeded; flowers sessile		5 Verbena
6 (1)	Mangrove trees, growing along sea coast in tidal mud		20 Avicennia
+	Lianas, shrubs, herbs, or trees, growing inland or on sandy beaches at sea coast.		(7)
7 (6)	Inflorescences capitate, with conspicuous oblanceolate to spatulate involucral bracts; ovules apical, orthotropous.		(8)
+	Inflorescences mostly lax, rarely capitate, always without clearly defined involucral bracts; ovules basal, anatropous.		(10)
8 (7)	Involucre 3- or 4-lobed, lobes usually joined at base; corolla 2-lipped; stamens 4		19 Congea
+	Involucre (5- or) 6-lobed, lobes free; corolla not 2-lipped; stamens 5 or more.		(9)
9 (8)	Corolla actinomorphic, 6-16(-18)-lobed; stamens 6-16(-18); leaf blade margin often ± dentate		17 Symphorema
+	Corolla actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, 5(-7)-lobed; stamens 5(-7); leaf blade margin entire		18 Sphenodesme
10 (7)	Fruit dry, usually a schizocarp, sometimes deeply lobed.		(11)
+	Fruit a fleshy drupe, often lobed, with separate pyrenes.		(14)
11 (10)	Fruiting calyx conspicuously accrescent, translucently membranous; corolla 4-lobed		7 Hymenopyramis
+	Fruiting calyx slightly enlarged; corolla usually 5-lobed.		(12)
12 (11)	Stems strongly 4-winged; leaves soon falling, leaf blade much shorter than internodes; calyx divided to near base		16 Schnabelia
+	Stems terete or 4-angled, not winged; leaves persistent, leaf blade at least as long as most internodes; calyx tube as long as or longer than lobes.		(13)
13 (12)	Leaves simple; calyx (4- or) 5- (or 6)-dentate or lobed; flowers 6-15 mm		15 Caryopteris
+	Leaves simple or 3-lobed; calyx minutely dentate to subtruncate; flowers ca. 4 mm		13 Garrettia
14 (10)	Corolla actinomorphic; stamens 4-6, subequal.		(15)
+	Corolla zygomorphic or slightly oblique; stamens 4, didynamous.		(17)
15 (14)	Flower bud conspicuously swollen at tip; stamens fewer than corolla lobes; leaf hairs simple		14 Clerodendrum
+	Flower bud not swollen at tip; stamens as many as corolla lobes; leaf hairs often branched or stellate, rarely all simple.		(16)
16 (15)	Inflorescences axillary cymes; fruiting calyx unaltered, tube always shorter than fruit		6 Callicarpa
+	Inflorescences large terminal panicles; fruiting calyx very elongated, inclosing fruit		8 Tectona
17 (14)	Flower bud conspicuously swollen at tip; drupes with 4 1-seeded pyrenes, sometimes separating into 4 1-locular nutlets		14 Clerodendrum
+	Flower buds not swollen at tip; drupes with 1 pyrene, normally 4-locular, 4-seeded or (by abortion) 3- or 2-seeded.		(18)
18 (17)	Leaves palmately compound (except V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia var. subtrisecta)		11 Vitex
+	Leaves simple (occasionally some 3-foliolate in Tsoongia).		(19)
19 (18)	Leaf blade abaxially gray mealy, often with large gland patches especially near base; corolla 2-5 cm, ventricose or funnelform; stigma lobes very unequal		12 Gmelina
+	Leaf blade abaxially green or if gray or white then with dense simple hairs, without gland patches; corolla to 1 cm, tubular; stigma lobes (where known) equal.		(20)
20 (19)	Inflorescences terminal cymes, panicles, or thyrses, sometimes racemelike or spikelike; calyx usually not 2-lipped but if 2-lipped then upper lip usually emarginate or dentate and if lower lip entire then upper lip also entire		9 Premna
+	Inflorescences axillary, few flowered lax cymes; calyx obscurely 2-lipped with lower lip 2-lobed, upper lip entire		10 Tsoongia