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| 1 |
Pyrenes abaxially 3-striate and sulcate or not, or rarely sulcate only, endocarp leathery, rarely woody, or subwoody; branchlets usually subquadrangular, rarely angular, subterete, or terete |
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(2) |
| + |
Pyrenes abaxially usually striate and not sulcate, rarely striate and sulcate, or not striate or sulcate and smooth, or ridged, endocarp usually leathery, rarely woody; current year’s branchlets usually longitudinally angular and sulcate, or angular and ridged, second to third year’s terete |
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(8) |
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| 2 (1) |
Female inflorescence: 1-5-flowered cyme, fasciculate or pseudopaniculate. |
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146 I. stewardii |
| + |
Female inflorescence: 1(-3)-flowered cyme, fasciculate, rarely solitary, or pseudopaniculate |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade papery or thinly leathery, rarely membranous; persistent stigma capitate or thickly discoid |
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(4) |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery; persistent stigma mammilliform, cylindric, or discoid |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Branchlets, leaf blades, petioles, and inflorescences densely hirsute; leaf blade thickly papery, papery, or membranous, elliptic, oblong, obovate, or narrowly ovate, margin sparsely and sharply serrulate or subentire. |
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147 I. pubescens |
| + |
Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences sparsely puberulent; leaf blade thinly leathery or papery, elliptic, or obovate-oblong to ovate-oblong, margin entire or undulate and shallowly serrate distally. |
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148 I. hainanensis |
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| 5 (3) |
Persistent stigma mammilliform or cylindric |
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(6) |
| + |
Persistent stigma discoid |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Branchlets densely lenticellate; leaf blade margin entire, abaxially inconspicuously minutely glandular punctate; persistent calyx 4- or 5-lobed; pyrenes 5. |
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149 I. mamillata |
| + |
Branchlets not lenticellate; leaf blade margin entire or inconspicuously serrate apically, not glandular punctate abaxially; persistent calyx 6-lobed; pyrenes 6. |
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150 I. wuana |
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| 7 (5) |
Shrubs, 1-2 m tall; leaf blade leathery, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 6-9 × ca. 0.8 cm, margin minutely obtusely serrate, lateral veins obscure; fruit 1 or 2 per fascicle. |
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151 I. xiaojinensis |
| + |
Trees, ca. 18 m tall; leaf blade thickly leathery, broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, margin entire, lateral veins 10-13 pairs, adaxially obscure, abaxially conspicuous; fruit 4-6 per fascicle. |
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152 I. qingyuanensis |
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| 8 (1) |
Fruiting pedicel 1-2.5 mm and shorter than diam. of fruit, or 6-9 mm and longer than diam. of fruit; female inflorescence: cyme solitary or few fascicled |
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(9) |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel (2-)3-8(-20) mm, usually longer than or equaling diam. of fruit, rarely shorter; female inflorescence: cyme usually fasciculate, rarely solitary, or few fascicled |
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(14) |
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| 9 (8) |
Fruiting pedicel 6-9 mm, fruit compressed globose, ca. 3 mm in diam.. |
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192 I. lihuaensis |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel 1-2.5 mm, shorter than diam. of fruit |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaf blade papery or thinly leathery, oblong or elliptic, rarely obovate or rhomboid, 1-2.5 cm, base cuneate; branchlets, leaves adaxially on midvein, and petioles densely pubescent. |
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187 I. lohfauensis |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery or thickly leathery, obovate, obovate-oblong, or ovate, base obtuse or broadly cuneate; branchlets, leaves adaxially on midvein, and petioles puberulent |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaf blade apically truncate-rounded, retuse, or emarginate, with triangular acumen, margin entire except for 1(or 2) pair of teeth at apex. |
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188 I. bidens |
| + |
Leaf blade apically cordate, emarginate, retuse, rounded, obtuse, or shortly acuminate, margin entire |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade 1-1.8 × 0.6-1.2 cm, apex cordate, retuse; peduncles of male inflorescence longer than pedicels; rudimentary ovary globose, apex flat. |
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189 I. chamaebuxus |
| + |
Leaf blade 2-4 × 1-2.5 cm, apex shortly acuminate, rounded, obtuse, retuse, or emarginate; peduncles of male inflorescence nearly equaling pedicels; rudimentary ovary apically rostellate or depressed |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaf blade abaxially deeply colored punctate; rudimentary ovary pulvinate, rostellate; fruit compressed globose, 3-4 mm in diam., persistent stigma discoid, convex. |
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190 I. championii |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially not punctate; rudimentary ovary conical, center depressed; fruit globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., persistent stigma thinly discoid, shallowly 4- or 5-lobed. |
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191 I. hanceana |
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| 14 (8) |
Fruit 4-6(-8) mm in diam., persistent stigma capitate or mammilliform, rarely columnar, style usually evident |
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(15) |
| + |
Fruit (1.5-)3-5 mm in diam., style usually absent, persistent stigma usually thinly to thickly discoid, sometimes capitate, rarely mammilliform, or crested |
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(28) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaf blade not punctate, apex usually acuminate, sometimes acute, or obtuse, never retuse |
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(16) |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially punctate, apex usually acuminate, sometimes rounded or retuse |
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(22) |
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| 16 (15) |
Shrubs or trees |
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(17) |
| + |
Trees |
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(18) |
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| 17 (16) |
Leaf blade subleathery, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-6 × 0.5-1.4 cm, margin subentire, usually 1- or 2-serrulate near apex; male inflorescences: 3-flowered cymes, fasciculate, flowers 5- or 6-merous, calyx cupular, rudimentary ovary pulvinate or subglobose; pyrenes abaxially and laterally longitudinally striate and sulcate. |
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153 I. metabaptista |
| + |
Leaf blade thickly leathery, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5-9 × 2-3.5 cm, margin entire; male inflorescences: 1-flowered cymes, fasciculate, flowers 5-8-merous, calyx patelliform, rudimentary ovary conical; pyrenes smooth, with a single slender ridge abaxially. |
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154 I. elmerrilliana |
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| 18 (16) |
Branchlets, petioles, and fruiting pedicels glabrous, puberulent, or glabrescent |
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(19) |
| + |
Branchlets, petioles, and pedicels puberulent or pubescent |
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(20) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaf blade thickly leathery, oblong or obovate-oblong, 15-25 × 5-7 cm, lateral veins 12-15 pairs; fruit densely yellow punctate, pyrenes 5 or 6, ellipsoidal. |
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155 I. dolichopoda |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, elliptic or broadly elliptic, 7.5-10 × 3.5-5.5 cm, lateral veins 6-8 pairs; fruit not punctate, pyrenes 4 or 5, lanceolate. |
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156 I. shimeica |
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| 20 (18) |
Ovary densely pubescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 4.5-6 × 1.4-2.1 cm. |
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157 I. jiaolingensis |
| + |
Ovary glabrous; leaf blade oblong, oblong-elliptic, ovate-oblong, or obovate |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaf blade leathery to thickly leathery, ovate-oblong or obovate, 4-8.5 × 1.2-3.3 cm, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, indistinct on both surfaces; pyrenes 4 or 5. |
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158 I. memecylifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 5-11 × 2.3-4 cm, lateral veins 10-14 pairs, obscure on both surfaces; pyrenes 6. |
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159 I. sinica |
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| 22 (15) |
Leaf blade obcordate or obovate, apex rounded and/or retuse |
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(23) |
| + |
Leaf blade not obcordate or obovate, apex shortly to long acuminate, rarely retuse |
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(24) |
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| 23 (22) |
Pyrenes 5 or 6(or 7), persistent stigma capitate; fruiting pedicel 8-10 mm, puberulent; leaf blade thickly leathery, lateral veins and reticulate veins indistinct on both surfaces. |
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160 I. tutcheri |
| + |
Pyrenes 4, persistent stigma papillate; fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade leathery, lateral veins adaxially evident, abaxially slightly raised, reticulate veins obscure. |
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161 I. tamii |
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| 24 (22) |
Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 0.8-2.2 cm wide; style ca. 1 mm, stigma pubescent. |
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162 I. salicina |
| + |
Leaf blade not linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 cm wide; persistent stigma glabrous |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Fruiting pedicel 12-17 mm, fruit ca. 5 mm in diam., minutely punctate, persistent stigma mammilliform or capitate; pyrenes 6, abaxially feathery striate and sulcate. |
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163 I. verisimilis |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel 4-13 mm, fruit 4-7 mm in diam., not punctate, persistent stigma navel-shaped or mammilliform; pyrenes 4-6, smooth or striate and not sulcate, but not feathery (fruit and pyrenes not seen in I. retusifolia) |
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(26) |
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| 26 (25) |
Peduncles of male flowers 6-10 mm; persistent stigma mammilliform; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, acumen not retuse. |
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164 I. cochinchinensis |
| + |
Peduncles of male flowers 1.5-3 mm; stigma discoid or persistent stigma navel-shaped; leaf blade broadly elliptic, elliptic, ovate, or oblong, acumen usually retuse |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Branchlets puberulent; female flowers 4-merous; leaf blade broadly elliptic, 5-7 × 2-3 cm. |
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165 I. retusifolia |
| + |
Branchlets glabrous; female flowers 6-8-merous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 6-9 × 1.5-4.5 cm. |
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166 I. kobuskiana |
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| 28 (14) |
Margin of leaf blade serrate, serrulate, or crenulate, rarely entire; pyrenes 4-6, rarely 7 |
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(29) |
| + |
Margin of leaf blade usually entire, rarely subentire, or with 1 or 2 bristly teeth at distal end, or serrulate; pyrenes 4, rarely 2 or 5 |
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(33) |
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| 29 (28) |
Infructescence a 1(or 3)-fruited cyme, pseudoracemose, or fasciculate |
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(30) |
| + |
Infructescence a 1-fruited cyme, fasciculate |
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(31) |
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| 30 (29) |
Infructescence a 1(or 3)-fruited cyme, pseudoracemose, rarely pseudopaniculate, axis 5-8 mm; pyrenes 5-7, ellipsoidal, smooth, neither striate nor sulcate abaxially; leaf blade leathery, oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, margin serrulate or serrate on distal 1/2-2/3. |
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182 I. forrestii |
| + |
Infructescence a 1-fruited cyme, fasciculate, axis ca. 2 mm; pyrenes 4, 4- or 5-striate, not sulcate abaxially; leaf blade thinly leathery or thickly papery, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, margin crenulate. |
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183 I. cauliflora |
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| 31 (29) |
Apex of leaf blade shortly acuminate; pyrenes ellipsoidal-oblong. |
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186 I. tsiangiana |
| + |
Apex of leaf blade caudate-acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm; pyrenes oblong |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Persistent stigma mammilliform; pyrenes 5 or 6, smooth, abaxially and laterally longitudinally 1-striate; leaf blade leathery. |
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184 I. wardii |
| + |
Persistent stigma thickly discoid or discoid; pyrenes 4, abaxially smooth, not striate or sulcate; leaf blade papery. |
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185 I. estriata |
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| 33 (28) |
Leaf blade abaxially glandular punctate |
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(34) |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially not punctate |
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(39) |
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| 34 (33) |
Terminal buds, branchlets, petioles, and fruit densely gray-white puberulent-strigose. |
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167 I. strigillosa |
| + |
Terminal buds, branchlets, and petioles puberulent, rarely pubescent or glabrous; fruit glabrous, rarely pubescent |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate, not retuse |
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(36) |
| + |
Leaf blade broadly elliptic, elliptic, subrhombic-elliptic, oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate-elliptic, apex obtuse, rounded, or shortly acuminate, rarely retuse, acumen retuse |
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(37) |
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| 36 (35) |
Female inflorescences: 1-flowered cymes, fasciculate or pseudoracemose, flowers 4- or 5(or 6)-merous; pyrenes 4 or 5, abaxially 3-striate; leaf blade leathery or thickly leathery, apex caudate-acuminate. |
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168 I. longecaudata |
| + |
Female inflorescences: 1-5-flowered cymes, fasciculate, flowers 4-merous; pyrenes 4, abaxially 5- or 6-striate; leaf blade thinly leathery, apex long acuminate. |
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169 I. kengii |
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| 37 (35) |
Male inflorescences 3-7-flowered cymes, fasciculate; leaf blade broadly elliptic or subrhombic-elliptic, 3-5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, apex abruptly shortly acuminate, acumen retuse. |
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170 I. goshiensis |
| + |
Male inflorescences usually 3-flowered cymes, fasciculate; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, subrhombic, oblong-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, apex obtuse, rounded, or shortly acuminate, rarely retuse, acumen retuse |
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(38) |
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| 38 (37) |
Branchlets, terminal buds, and petioles pubescent; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or subrhombic, 2-4.5 × 1-2 cm; pyrenes oblong, reticulately striate, striae easily detached from endocarp. |
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171 I. buxoides |
| + |
Branchlets, terminal buds, and petioles glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm; pyrenes broadly ellipsoidal, abaxially 3- or 4-striate, striae adhering to endocarp. |
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172 I. liangii |
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| 39 (33) |
Leaf blade broadly elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded; pyrenes abaxially palmately striate and sulcate. |
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173 I. saxicola |
| + |
Leaf blade not broadly elliptic, apex acuminate; pyrenes abaxially longitudinally 3- or 4-striate, rarely reticulately striate, palmately striate, or not striate |
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(40) |
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| 40 (39) |
Fruiting pedicel 2-3 mm, shorter than diam. of fruit; pyrenes abaxially palmately striate and slightly sulcate; leaf blade papery. |
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174 I. guizhouensis |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel equaling or longer than diam. of fruit; pyrenes abaxially longitudinally 3- or 4-striate, rarely reticulately striate, or not striate; leaf blade leathery, rarely thickly leathery |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Margin of leaf blade subentire, or entire, or with 1 or 2 bristly teeth at distal end, or serrulate |
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(42) |
| + |
Margin of leaf blade entire |
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(44) |
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| 42 (41) |
Shrubs, 1-3(-5) m tall. |
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175 I. oligodonta |
| + |
Trees, ca. 6 m tall |
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(43) |
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| 43 (42) |
Pyrenes ovoid, abaxially not striate or sulcate; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5.5-9 × 2.7-4 cm, margin subentire, sometimes sparsely and inconspicuously serrulate. |
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176 I. nitidissima |
| + |
Pyrenes oblong, abaxially 3-striate; leaf blade oblong or obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 3-4.5 cm, margin entire on proximal half, serrulate with 1 or 2 pairs of teeth on distal half. |
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177 I. jinyunensis |
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| 44 (41) |
Current year’s branchlets and terminal buds puberulent, petioles pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic |
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(45) |
| + |
Branchlets, terminal buds, and petioles glabrous, current year’s branchlets sometimes puberulent; leaf blade ovate, obovate-oblong, ovate-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic |
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(46) |
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| 45 (44) |
Shrubs, ca. 2 m tall; persistent stigma thickly discoid; pyrenes 4 or 5, oblong-ellipsoidal, ca. 3.5 mm, abaxially 3- or 4-striate, not sulcate or shallowly sulcate. |
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178 I. sublongecaudata |
| + |
Trees, to 12 m tall; persistent stigma capitate; pyrenes 4, ellipsoidal, ca. 4 mm, abaxially 3-striate, laterally smooth. |
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179 I. hayatana |
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| 46 (44) |
Leaf blade thickly leathery, base obtuse, rarely rounded, midvein slightly raised abaxially, flat adaxially, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs. |
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180 I. wilsonii |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, base rounded, rarely obtuse, adaxially opaque, midvein deeply impressed adaxially, lateral veins 9 or 10 pairs. |
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181 I. fukienensis |
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