| 1 |
Frond 3-partite; lateral divisions same shape as terminal one but smaller (P. ser. Longipedes Ching) |
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(2) |
| + |
Frond pinnate (P. ser. Quadriauritae Ching) |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Lateral pinnae 12-20 per rachis. |
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67 P. longipes |
| + |
Lateral pinnae 4-6 per rachis. |
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68 P. paucipinnula |
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| 3 (1) |
Fronds dimorphic. |
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44 P. cadieri |
| + |
Fronds monomorphic |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Pinnae entire; frond with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral pinnae. |
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69 P. quadristipitis |
| + |
Pinnae pectinately divided; frond usually with 4 or more pairs of lateral pinnae (sometimes fewer in P. aspericaulis) |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Lateral pinnae asymmetrical along costa, lobes shorter and/or fewer, sometimes almost absent, on acroscopic side |
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(6) |
| + |
Lateral pinnae (at least of sterile fronds) symmetrical along costa with acroscopic side as wide as basiscopic side |
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(11) |
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| 6 (5) |
Basiscopic side of costa with 0-3 segments, acroscopic side with 3-6 segments; segments 3.5-6 ?ca. 0.6 cm, lowermost sometimes with secondary lobes so pinna 2-pinnatifid. |
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43 P. formosana |
| + |
Basiscopic side of costa regularly pectinately lobed, acroscopic side with fewer and smaller segments, sometimes almost entire |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Stipe straw-colored or dark straw-colored; costa with finely toothed protuberances or short spines along groove |
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(8) |
| + |
Stipe castaneous-red or dark castaneous; costa with erose margin along adaxial groove |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Plants often to 1.5(-2) m; lamina segments distinctly decurrent at base. |
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39 P. malipoensis |
| + |
Plants 0.8-1 m; lamina segments separate, basiscopic not distinctly decurrent at base. |
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41 P. inaequalis |
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| 9 (7) |
Plants often 1-1.5 m; rhizome scales with paler margins. |
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38 P. dissitifolia |
| + |
Plants often 0.3-0.8 m; rhizome scales uniformly blackish brown |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Segments distant, almost entirely restricted to basiscopic side, acroscopic side entire or with very few shorter segments, distinctly decurrent at base; veins of sterile frond ending at base of shortly acuminate teeth. |
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37 P. semipinnata |
| + |
Segments closely spaced, on both sides with acroscopic segments only slightly shorter than basiscopic segments, not distinctly decurrent at base; veins of sterile frond ending within long acuminate teeth. |
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36 P. dispar |
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| 11 (5) |
Basal pinnae similar to upper pinnae, without any basiscopic branches |
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(12) |
| + |
Basal pinnae with one or more basiscopic branches near their bases |
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(15) |
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| 12 (11) |
Abaxial surface of costa, costule, and segments glabrous |
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(13) |
| + |
Abaxial surface of costa with coarse hairs; costules and abaxial surface of segments ?hairy |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Lateral pinnae 5-10 pairs; stipe, rachis, and costae green. |
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40 P. terminalis |
| + |
Lateral pinnae 2-5 pairs; stipe, rachis, and costae often purple. |
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49 P. aspericaulis |
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| 14 (12) |
Pinna segments 8-12 pairs restricted to basal half of pinna, pinna apex linear, more than half as long as pinna. |
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46 P. heteromorpha |
| + |
Pinna segments 15-20 pairs distributed along most of length of pinna, pinna apex shorter than lower segments. |
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47 P. decrescens |
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| 15 (11) |
Lamina with narrow lines (false veins) between veins. |
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45 P. grevilleana |
| + |
Lamina without lines between veins |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Margins of sterile segments serrate. |
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42 P. amoena |
| + |
Margins of sterile segments entire, sometimes slightly undulate |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Two veins from adjacent segments reaching base of incision of pinnae, forming an acute triangle, sometimes forming areoles; pinnae often pinnatifid. |
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66 P. arisanensis |
| + |
Two veins from adjacent segments reaching incision of pinnae, forming a short obtuse triangle; pinnae pinnate or deeply pinnatisect |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Segment apex mucronate |
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(19) |
| + |
Segment apex not mucronate |
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(24) |
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| 19 (18) |
Costae abaxially coarsely hairy; midvein and abaxial surface of segments ?hairy. |
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48 P. longipinnula |
| + |
Costae smooth or rough |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Lower vein of basal pair of veins of segment near to costa and subparallel to costa; basal pinnae with ca. 2 cm stalk. |
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52 P. splendida |
| + |
Lower vein of basal pair of veins of segment oblique, not parallel to costa; basal pinnae sessile or subsessile |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Stipe grayish brown, rough-surfaced; lamina very rigid, drying gray-green; spines along costae adpressed and inconspicuous. |
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50 P. scabririgens |
| + |
Stipe green, straw-colored, or partly ?purple; lamina papery to herbaceous, not drying gray-green; spines along costae ?patent |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Stipe, rachis, and costae all green. |
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48 P. longipinnula |
| + |
Stipe, rachis, and costae straw-colored or partly ?purple |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Stipe as long as lamina; lamina oblong-ovate; indusia purple or straw-colored. |
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49 P. aspericaulis |
| + |
Stipe ca. 2 ?as long as lamina; lamina ovate-triangular, 3-forked; indusia yellowish. |
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51 P. caiyangheensis |
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| 24 (18) |
Pinnae abaxially with short or flakelike hairs |
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(25) |
| + |
Pinnae abaxially glabrous |
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(27) |
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| 25 (24) |
Pinnae abaxially with flakelike hairs (especially along costa); costa blue-green; segment costules with needlelike spines. |
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61 P. viridissima |
| + |
Pinnae abaxially sparsely shortly pubescent on basiscopic side; costa straw-colored, sometimes light purple; segment costules with flat spines |
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(26) |
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| 26 (25) |
Segments acute, adaxially sparsely shortly hairy; costules adaxially with thin acute spines. |
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62 P. hirsutissima |
| + |
Segments obtuse, adaxially glabrous; costules adaxially without spines. |
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60 P. puberula |
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| 27 (24) |
Lamina subleathery when dry; costae with soft flat spines adaxially. |
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63 P. subquinata |
| + |
Lamina papery or herbaceous when dry; costae with distinct, needlelike or oblate spines |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Fronds with (9-)11-16 pairs of pinnae, basal pinnae often each with (2 or)3 or 4 basiscopic branches. |
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53 P. setulosocostulata |
| + |
Fronds with (3-)5-9 pairs of pinnae, basal pinnae each with 1 or 2 basiscopic branches |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Pinnae divided to costa; stipe reddish brown |
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(30) |
| + |
Pinnae pinnatifid; stipe mainly straw-colored |
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(31) |
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| 30 (29) |
Stipe glossy, scales expanded at base. |
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64 P. bella |
| + |
Stipe not glossy, muricate, scales not expanded at base. |
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65 P. scabristipes |
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| 31 (29) |
Plants more than 1.3 m tall; lateral pinnae ca. 35 cm, median pinnule segments 35-55 ?7-9 mm. |
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59 P. majestica |
| + |
Plants 0.5-1 m tall; lateral pinnae 12-23 cm, median pinnule segments 10-16 ?4-5 mm |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Lateral pinnae oblique upward |
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(33) |
| + |
Lateral pinnae spreading or oblique |
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(34) |
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| 33 (32) |
Lateral pinnae widest at base (triangular) or oblong. |
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55 P. oshimensis |
| + |
Lateral pinnae widest at their middle. |
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56 P. fauriei |
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| 34 (32) |
Lateral pinnae triangular (widest at base) or oblong in outline. |
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54 P. kiuschiuensis |
| + |
Lateral pinnae often widest at their middle |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Median pinnae 17-23 ?4-6.5 cm; segments not narrowed to apex, linear, obtuse, ca. 1 mm apart. |
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58 P. obtusiloba |
| + |
Median pinnae 5-16 ?2-3.2 cm; segments narrowed to apex, linear-lanceolate, 2-4(-7) mm apart |
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(36) |
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| 36 (35) |
Stipe 43-65 cm, sparsely scaly; lateral pinnae 5-7 pairs. |
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57 P. angustipinnula |
| + |
Stipe 10-42 cm, glabrous; lateral pinnae 1 or 2(-14) pairs. |
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49 P. aspericaulis |
