| 1 |
Fruit silicles (less than 3 × longer than broad). |
|
(2) |
| + |
Fruit siliques (more than 3 × longer than broad). |
|
(59) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Fruit much wider than long, 2-16-spined, with prominently 3-20-veined lateral wings larger than the seed-bearing part |
|
15 Pugionium |
| + |
Fruit longer than wide or about as long as wide, not spiny, wingless or with veinless wings smaller than the seed-bearing part. |
|
(3) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Fruit flattened at a right angle to septum (angustiseptate). |
|
(4) |
| + |
Fruit flattened parallel to septum (latiseptate), terete, or angled. |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
At least some of the trichomes branched. |
|
(5) |
| + |
Trichomes absent or exclusively simple. |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate or sagittate at base; fruit obdeltoid to obdeltoid-obcordate |
|
19 Capsella |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate or cuneate to petiolelike base, not auriculate or sagittate; fruit oblong, elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular. |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (5) |
Fruiting pedicels strongly recurved, often forming a loop; fruit 1- or 2-seeded, often aborted on 1 side; plants rhizomatous perennials |
|
23 Dipoma |
| + |
Fruiting pedicels straight, erect, ascending, or divaricate; fruit more than 5-seeded, not aborted on 1 side; plants annual, biennial, or rarely non-rhizomatous perennials. |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Fruiting raceme bracteate throughout or rarely along proximal half; leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect; fruit more than 20-seeded |
|
20 Hedinia |
| + |
Fruiting racemes ebracteate; leaves entire, dentate, or pinnatifid; fruit less than 20-seeded |
|
21 Hornungia |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (4) |
Seeds (or ovules) 4-24 per fruit. |
|
(9) |
| + |
Seeds (or ovules) 1 or 2 per fruit. |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Fruit borne on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette |
|
44 Pegaeophyton |
| + |
Fruit borne on racemes, panicles, or corymbs. |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul; roots not fleshy, cylindric; fruit often winged apically |
|
18 Thlaspi |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile but not auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul; roots fleshy, fusiform or conical; fruit wingless or cristate apically. |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Plants 0.5-2 m tall; infructescence a large panicle; replum slender, not flattened; racemes ebracteate |
|
42 Armoracia |
| + |
Plants rarely to 0.3 m tall; infructescence a small raceme or corymb; replum broad, flattened at least basally; racemes often bracteate throughout. |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Cauline leaves sessile; fruit often cristate apically; fruit valves obscurely veined; seeds minutely reticulate |
|
24 Dilophia |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate; fruit not cristate apically; fruit valves with a prominent midvein; seeds papillate or foveolate |
|
88 Taphrospermum |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (8) |
Fruit didymous, breaking into 2, closed, 1-seeded halves. |
|
(14) |
| + |
Fruit not didymous, dehiscent and readily releasing seeds, or indehiscent. |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Fruit halves broadly winged, 8-40 mm; root fleshy, 1-15 cm in diameter |
|
16 Megacarpaea |
| + |
Fruit halves wingless, 1-2 mm; roots not fleshy, slender, much narrower. |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Dwarf plants rarely more than 3 cm tall; all or most fruit on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette; leaves palmately veined; fruit halves smooth; stamens 6 |
|
17 Megadenia |
| + |
Plants often more than 10 cm tall; fruit in racemes; leaves pinnately veined; fruit halves prominently reticulate to rugose, very rarely smooth; stamens 2 or 4 |
|
11 Coronopus |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (13) |
Fruit 1-seeded, obscurely differentiated into halves, without a septum, indehiscent, with thickened, central, seed-bearing part; fruiting pedicels reflexed; petals yellow. |
|
(17) |
| + |
Fruit 2-seeded, well differentiated into halves, with a well-developed septum, dehiscent or rarely indehiscent, not thickened at center; fruiting pedicels not reflexed; petals white or pink (yellow in Lepidium perfoliatum). |
|
(19) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Fruit navicular, semiovoid to semiglobose, with strongly involute wing margins bearing 1 or 2 rows of tubercles; fruiting pedicels articulate at base |
|
31 Tauscheria |
| + |
Fruit oblong, elliptic, ovate, or pyriform, flat, wingless or wing margins neither involute nor tuberculate; fruiting pedicels not articulate. |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (17) |
Fruit samaroid, more than 6 mm, wing margin not thickened |
|
13 Isatis |
| + |
Fruit achenelike, rarely to 5 mm, wing margin strongly thickened |
|
14 Pachypterygium |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (16) |
Fruit indehiscent; nectar glands confluent; style 0.7-2 mm |
|
12 Cardaria |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent; nectar glands separate teeth; style (ours) absent or to 0.8(-1) mm. |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Fruit somewhat 4-angled; leaves leathery; caudex thick, with petiolar remains of previous years; stamens 6 |
|
27 Stroganowia |
| + |
Fruit flat, not angled; leaves herbaceous rarely leathery; caudex absent or slender, rarely thick and with petiolar remains of previous years; stamens 2, 4, or 6 |
|
10 Lepidium |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (3) |
Fruit on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette. |
|
(22) |
| + |
Fruit in racemes. |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (21) |
Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only; leaves entire, rarely toothed or pinnately lobed. |
|
(23) |
| + |
Plants with at least some branched trichomes; leaves subapically toothed. |
|
(24) |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (22) |
Fruit readily detached from pedicel; valve apex persistently united with replum; replum not flattened; valves marginal veins prominent; petals purple, pink, or blue |
|
64 Solms-laubachia |
| + |
Fruit not detached from pedicel; valve apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence; replum strongly flattened; valves marginal veins obscure or absent; petals white |
|
44 Pegaeophyton |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (22) |
Fruit ovate or lanceolate, not geocarpic; valves prominently veined; stigma 2-lobed |
|
57 Desideria |
| + |
Fruit oblong, geocarpic; valves obscurely veined; stigma entire |
|
84 Pycnoplinthopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (21) |
Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only. |
|
(26) |
| + |
Plants with at least some trichomes branched. |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (25) |
Fruit indehiscent, with a woody or corky wall, sometimes breaking transversely into segments. |
|
(27) |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent, with a papery or membranous wall. |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Style slender, 1.5-3.5 mm, readily caducous from a basal articulation; replum strongly expanded laterally |
|
33 Litwinowia |
| + |
Style obsolete, or fruit attenuate into a conical, persistent, stylelike beak without a basal articulation; replum not expanded laterally. |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate; plants 0.5-2.5 m tall; fruit rounded at apex, strongly differentiated into a seedless basal segment and a larger, 1-seeded terminal segment |
|
7 Crambe |
| + |
Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate to amplexicaul; plants rarely to 0.5 m tall; fruit tapered to apex, unsegmented. |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (28) |
Fruiting pedicels divaricate, not articulate at base; fruit 2-seeded, not constricted at middle; cotyledons spirolobal; petals white |
|
35 Bunias |
| + |
Fruiting pedicels reflexed, articulate at base; fruit 1-3-seeded, constricted between seeds; cotyledons incumbent; petals purplish or pink |
|
82 Goldbachia |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (26) |
At least some leaves dentate, lobed, or compound. |
|
(31) |
| + |
All leaves entire. |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (30) |
Some or all cauline leaves auriculate or sagittate at base; seeds more than 50 per fruit; petals yellow |
|
60 Rorippa |
| + |
Cauline leaves not auriculate or sagittate at base; seeds less than 25 per fruit; petals white, pink, blue, or purple. |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (31) |
Leaves trifoliolate, pinnately compound, pinnatisect, or rarely simple; racemes ebracteate, if bracteate, then basal bracts trifoliolate; fruiting pedicels glabrous or pubescent all around; petals white |
|
26 Yinshania |
| + |
Leaves palmately 3-5-lobed; racemes bracteate throughout; fruiting pedicels puberulent adaxially; petals purple, blue, or rarely pink |
|
28 Lignariella |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (30) |
Raceme bracteate throughout; fruit 1- or 2-seeded; valves with 3 rows of crests; filaments of median stamens appendaged |
|
22 Hemilophia |
| + |
Racemes ebracteate; fruit more than 2-seeded; valves without rows of crests; filaments of median stamens unappendaged. |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (33) |
Fruit (0.8-)1-1.7 cm wide; valves with prominent midvein and lateral and marginal veins, apex persistently united with replum |
|
64 Solms-laubachia |
| + |
Fruit rarely to 0.3 cm wide; valves obscurely veined or only with a prominent midvein, apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence. |
|
(35) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (34) |
Fruit slightly 4-angled, on a short gynophore; stems leafy; lowermost leaves cordate to ovate, often palmately veined |
|
89 Eutrema |
| + |
Fruit terete, sessile; stems leafless; lowermost leaves linear or oblong, pinnately veined |
|
96 Braya |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (25) |
Fruit indehiscent, often nutletlike, with woody or corky wall. |
|
(37) |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent, with papery wall. |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Plants with glandular trichomes, if eglandular then fruit strongly reflexed. |
|
(38) |
| + |
Plants eglandular, fruit erect to divaricate. |
|
(39) |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Fruiting pedicels divaricate; trichomes simple and forked; seeds wingless, 1 or 2; cotyledons spirolobal; petals bright yellow |
|
35 Bunias |
| + |
Fruiting pedicels strongly reflexed; trichomes dendritic; seeds winged, often more than 2; cotyledons accumbent; petals yellowish white |
|
67 Microstigma |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (37) |
Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate or sagittate; style less than 1 mm; stigma entire; fruit readily detached from divaricate pedicels; petals yellow |
|
34 Neslia |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate or sagittate; style 1-7 mm; stigma deeply 2-lobed; fruit not readily detached from erect-ascending pedicels; petals white or pink. |
|
(40) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Fruit densely covered with silky trichomes 5-8 mm; style (2.5-)4-7 mm; petals pink |
|
29 Lachnoloma |
| + |
Fruit scabrous with minute trichomes less than 1 mm; style less than 2 mm; petals white |
|
32 Euclidium |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (36) |
Raceme bracteate throughout or at least along proximal half. |
|
(42) |
| + |
Raceme ebracteate. |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Fruit 1- or 2-seeded. |
|
(43) |
| + |
Fruit more than 4-seeded. |
|
(44) |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (42) |
Fruit valves with 3 rows of crests; fruiting pedicels straight or slightly curved, not forming a loop; leaves entire; filaments of median stamens appendaged |
|
22 Hemilophia |
| + |
Fruit valves without crests; fruiting pedicels often forming a loop; at least some leaves dentate or lobed near apex; filaments of median stamens unappendaged |
|
23 Dipoma |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (42) |
Fruit latiseptate; trichomes forked or stellate; cotyledons accumbent |
|
41 Draba |
| + |
Fruit terete; trichomes dendritic; cotyledons incumbent |
|
100 Sophiopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (41) |
Leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect or 3-5-foliolate. |
|
(46) |
| + |
Leaves entire or rarely dentate. |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Branched trichomes forked; inflorescence paniculate, ultimate branches flexuous |
|
26 Yinshania |
| + |
Branched trichomes dendritic; inflorescence non-flexuous racemes, if branched then fruit more than 10-seeded. |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (46) |
Annuals or biennials; seeds mucilaginous when wetted; petals yellow |
|
100 Sophiopsis |
| + |
Pulvinate perennials; seeds not mucilaginous when wetted; petals white |
|
101 Smelowskia |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (45) |
Cauline leaves auriculate or sagittate at base; fruit obpyriform; valves connate at margin and hiding replum, beaklike apex caudate, extending into style |
|
98 Camelina |
| + |
Cauline leaves often neither auriculate nor sagittate at base; fruit variously shaped but not obpyriform; valve margins not connate, apex not extending into a caudate beak. |
|
(49) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Branched trichomes exclusively malpighiaceous. |
|
(50) |
| + |
Branched trichomes stellate or forked. |
|
(51) |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (49) |
Fruit 1- or 2- seeded; seeds orbicular; simple trichomes absent |
|
38 Lobularia |
| + |
Fruit more than 4-seeded; seeds oblong or ovate; simple trichomes present |
|
41 Draba |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (49) |
Branched trichomes exclusively stellate, sessile, appressed. |
|
(52) |
| + |
At least some of the branched trichomes simple or forked, stalked, not appressed. |
|
(53) |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 (51) |
Seeds broadly winged (wing to 1 mm wide); petals deeply bifid; filaments not toothed or winged |
|
37 Galitzkya |
| + |
Seeds wingless or narrowly margined (margin to 0.1 mm wide); petals obtuse or emarginate; filaments often toothed or winged |
|
36 Alyssum |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (51) |
Cauline leaves absent. |
|
(54) |
| + |
Cauline leaves present. |
|
(55) |
| |
|
|
|
| 54 (53) |
Style conical or subconical; fruit 5-10 mm wide; cotyledons incumbent, if accumbent then septum reduced to a rim |
|
58 Eurycarpus |
| + |
Style obsolete or cylindric; fruit rarely to 4 mm wide; cotyledons accumbent |
|
41 Draba |
| |
|
|
|
| 55 (53) |
Fruit 1- or 2(-4)-seeded; stamens often toothed or winged |
|
36 Alyssum |
| + |
Fruit more than 4-seeded; stamens neither toothed nor winged. |
|
(56) |
| |
|
|
|
| 56 (55) |
Fruit torulose; cotyledons incumbent |
|
96 Braya |
| + |
Fruit not torulose, smooth; cotyledons accumbent. |
|
(57) |
| |
|
|
|
| 57 (56) |
Annuals or biennials; petals deeply bifid; seed narrowly margined |
|
39 Berteroa |
| + |
Perennials, or if annuals then styles obsolete; petals obtuse or rarely emarginate, sometimes absent; seeds not margined. |
|
(58) |
| |
|
|
|
| 58 (57) |
Plants stoloniferous; filament bases broadly dilated |
|
40 Coelonema |
| + |
Plants cespitose, perennials or rarely annuals; filament bases not dilated |
|
41 Draba |
| |
|
|
|
| 59 (1) |
Fruit borne on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette. |
|
(60) |
| + |
Fruit borne on racemes, corymbs, or panicles. |
|
(67) |
| |
|
|
|
| 60 (59) |
Plants with glandular trichomes; fruit lomentaceous, breaking into 1-seeded corky units |
|
68 Chorispora |
| + |
Plants without glandular trichomes; fruit dehiscent, not breaking into units. |
|
(61) |
| |
|
|
|
| 61 (60) |
Stigma conical, prominently 2-lobed, lobes decurrent; seeds often broadly winged |
|
72 Leiospora |
| + |
Stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed and lobes not decurrent; seeds wingless. |
|
(62) |
| |
|
|
|
| 62 (61) |
Plants with branched trichomes. |
|
(63) |
| + |
Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only. |
|
(65) |
| |
|
|
|
| 63 (62) |
Leaves entire; plants ca. 2 cm tall |
|
86 Baimashania |
| + |
At least some leaves coarsely dentate; plants much coarser. |
|
(64) |
| |
|
|
|
| 64 (63) |
Fruit strongly flattened; valves prominently veined, apex persistently united with replum; style obsolete; calyx deciduous before fruit maturity; cotyledons accumbent |
|
57 Desideria |
| + |
Fruit terete; valves obscurely veined, readily separated from replum at dehiscence; style distinct; calyx persistent at fruit base; cotyledons incumbent |
|
84 Pycnoplinthopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 65 (62) |
Fruit valves obscurely veined; replum flattened; fruiting pedicels persistent next season, puberulent along 1 line |
|
44 Pegaeophyton |
| + |
Fruit valves prominently veined; replum terete; fruiting pedicels neither persistent nor puberulent along 1 line. |
|
(66) |
| |
|
|
|
| 66 (65) |
Style obsolete; valve apex persistently united with replum; cotyledons accumbent |
|
64 Solms-laubachia |
| + |
Style distinct, to 1 mm; valve apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence; cotyledons incumbent |
|
85 Pycnoplinthus |
| |
|
|
|
| 67 (59) |
Glandular trichomes present. |
|
(68) |
| + |
Glandular trichomes absent. |
|
(77) |
| |
|
|
|
| 68 (67) |
Branched trichomes present. |
|
(69) |
| + |
Branched trichomes absent. |
|
(71) |
| |
|
|
|
| 69 (68) |
Fruit and fruiting pedicels strongly reflexed; cotyledons accumbent |
|
67 Microstigma |
| + |
Fruit and fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending; cotyledons incumbent. |
|
(70) |
| |
|
|
|
| 70 (69) |
Fruit valves with a prominent midvein; branched trichomes forked; stigma lobes decurrent; glands on uniseriate, few-celled stalks; median filaments not united |
|
75 Hesperis |
| + |
Fruit valves not or obscurely veined; branched trichomes dendritic; stigma lobes not decurrent; glands on multiseriate, multicellular stalks; median filaments united in pairs |
|
81 Oreoloma |
| |
|
|
|
| 71 (68) |
Stigma slightly lobed, lobes neither decurrent nor connivent; median filaments united in pairs or strongly flattened; lateral sepals not saccate |
|
63 Dontostemon |
| + |
Stigma prominently lobed; lobes decurrent, connivent; median filaments neither united nor strongly flattened; lateral sepals saccate. |
|
(72) |
| |
|
|
|
| 72 (71) |
Fruit terete; seeds wingless. |
|
(73) |
| + |
Fruit (at least distal ones) flattened; seeds winged. |
|
(74) |
| |
|
|
|
| 73 (72) |
Fruit breaking transversely into 1-seeded corky units; style 1-9 mm; cotyledons accumbent |
|
68 Chorispora |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent, not breaking into corky units; style obsolete; cotyledons incumbent |
|
75 Hesperis |
| |
|
|
|
| 74 (72) |
Fruit dimorphic, lowermost indehiscent, corky, and terete, uppermost dehiscent and flattened; replum rounded |
|
69 Diptychocarpus |
| + |
Fruit of 1 kind, dehiscent, flattened, terete; replum flattened. |
|
(75) |
| |
|
|
|
| 75 (74) |
Cauline leaves absent, rarely few; fruit (2-)2.5-7 mm wide; seeds broadly winged, wing 0.5-3 mm wide |
|
70 Parrya |
| + |
Cauline leaves several; fruit 1.5-2 mm wide; seeds narrowly winged, wing 0.1-0.4 mm wide. |
|
(76) |
| |
|
|
|
| 76 (75) |
Basal leaves not rosulate; stigma capitate, lobes slightly decurrent |
|
76 Clausia |
| + |
Basal leaves rosulate; stigma linear, lobes strongly decurrent |
|
77 Pseudoclausia |
| |
|
|
|
| 77 (67) |
Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only. |
|
(78) |
| + |
Plants with branched trichomes. |
|
(121) |
| |
|
|
|
| 78 (77) |
Fruit indehiscent, sometimes breaking transversely into corky, 1-seeded units. |
|
(79) |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent. |
|
(83) |
| |
|
|
|
| 79 (78) |
Cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul; style obsolete or rarely to 2 mm; lateral sepals not saccate. |
|
(80) |
| + |
Cauline leaves not auriculate or amplexicaul; style distinct, 5-50 mm; lateral sepals often strongly saccate. |
|
(81) |
| |
|
|
|
| 80 (79) |
Fruit a samara, strongly angustiseptate, 1-seeded; petals yellow |
|
13 Isatis |
| + |
Fruit nutletlike, terete or angled, 1-3 seeded, if 2- or 3- seeded then breaking transversely into 1-seeded units; petals purple or pink |
|
82 Goldbachia |
| |
|
|
|
| 81 (79) |
Fruit 1-seeded, S-shaped, with a slender, stipelike base; fruiting pedicels articulate at base |
|
30 Spirorhynchus |
| + |
Fruit more than 2-seeded, linear, lanceolate, or ovoid, sessile or nearly so; fruiting pedicels not articulate at base. |
|
(82) |
| |
|
|
|
| 82 (81) |
Stigma capitate, entire or slightly lobed; cotyledons conduplicate; plants annual or biennial; petal veins darker in color than rest of petal |
|
6 Raphanus |
| + |
Stigma conical, with prominently decurrent and connivent lobes; cotyledons accumbent; plants perennial; petals uniform in color |
|
68 Chorispora |
| |
|
|
|
| 83 (78) |
Raceme bracteate throughout or rarely only along proximal half. |
|
(84) |
| + |
Raceme ebracteate. |
|
(92) |
| |
|
|
|
| 84 (83) |
Cauline leaves palmately veined. |
|
(85) |
| + |
Cauline leaves pinnately veined. |
|
(88) |
| |
|
|
|
| 85 (84) |
Fruit flattened, valves coiled during dehiscence |
|
43 Cardamine |
| + |
Fruit terete or 4-angled, valves not coiled during dehiscence. |
|
(86) |
| |
|
|
|
| 86 (85) |
Leaves with distinct apiculate callosities terminating ultimate veins |
|
89 Eutrema |
| + |
Leaves without apiculate callosities terminating ultimate veins. |
|
(87) |
| |
|
|
|
| 87 (86) |
Taproot fleshy, fusiform; stigma 2-lobed; fruiting pedicels glabrous; cotyledons accumbent; median staminal filaments 1-toothed; petals white |
|
25 Platycraspedum |
| + |
Taproot not fleshy, slender; stigma entire; fruiting pedicels papillate adaxially; cotyledons incumbent; petals purple |
|
28 Lignariella |
| |
|
|
|
| 88 (84) |
Fruit 90-200-seeded; plants annual |
|
60 Rorippa |
| + |
Fruit 4-30-seeded; plants biennial or perennial with caudices, rhizomes, or fleshy taproots. |
|
(89) |
| |
|
|
|
| 89 (88) |
Fruit valves with prominent midvein and marginal veins, apex persistently united with replum; at least some leaves dentate; fruit 14-26-seeded; style obsolete |
|
57 Desideria |
| + |
Fruit valves usually obscurely veined, readily separated from replum at dehiscence; leaves entire; fruit 4-12-seeded; style more than 0.5 mm. |
|
(90) |
| |
|
|
|
| 90 (89) |
Replum flattened; roots fleshy; plants without rhizomes or caudices; basal leaves not persistent |
|
88 Taphrospermum |
| + |
Replum terete; roots not fleshy; plants with rhizomes or caudices; basal leaves or petioles often persistent. |
|
(91) |
| |
|
|
|
| 91 (90) |
Fruit not torulose; cotyledons incumbent |
|
45 Phaeonychium |
| + |
Fruit torulose; cotyledons accumbent |
|
62 Lepidostemon |
| |
|
|
|
| 92 (83) |
Fruit angustiseptate |
|
18 Thlaspi |
| + |
Fruit latiseptate, terete, or angled. |
|
(93) |
| |
|
|
|
| 93 (92) |
Stigma conical or cylindric, with prominent, decurrent lobes. |
|
(94) |
| + |
Stigma capitate, entire, or if lobed then lobes not decurrent. |
|
(98) |
| |
|
|
|
| 94 (93) |
Fruit latiseptate; seeds broadly winged; cauline leaves absent or rarely few. |
|
(95) |
| + |
Fruit terete or 4-angled; seeds wingless; cauline leaves several. |
|
(96) |
| |
|
|
|
| 95 (94) |
Style distinct, 0.5-6 mm; valve apex readily separated at dehiscence from replum |
|
70 Parrya |
| + |
Style absent; valve apex persistently united with replum |
|
72 Leiospora |
| |
|
|
|
| 96 (94) |
Fruit not torulose, segmented, with stylelike, ensiform, 5-veined, terminal segment |
|
5 Eruca |
| + |
Fruit torulose, unsegmented, with a distinct style 1-3 mm. |
|
(97) |
| |
|
|
|
| 97 (96) |
Leaves pectinate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe about as large as lateral ones; cotyledons accumbent |
|
63 Dontostemon |
| + |
Leaves simple or pinnatisect, terminal lobe considerably larger than lateral ones; cotyledons conduplicate |
|
8 Orychophragmus |
| |
|
|
|
| 98 (93) |
Cotyledons conduplicate; fruit often segmented, usually with a beaklike terminal segment; seeds globose, rarely ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong. |
|
(99) |
| + |
Cotyledons accumbent or incumbent; fruit unsegmented, not beaked at apex; seeds variously shaped but never globose. |
|
(102) |
| |
|
|
|
| 99 (98) |
Fruit flattened; seeds biseriate |
|
4 Diplotaxis |
| + |
Fruit terete or 4-angled; seeds uniseriate. |
|
(100) |
| |
|
|
|
| 100 (99) |
Fruit valves prominently 3-7-veined |
|
3 Sinapis |
| + |
Fruit valves obscurely veined or only midvein prominent. |
|
(101) |
| |
|
|
|
| 101 (100) |
Stigma entire; seeds globose; fruit often segmented, without style or with stylelike beak; petals yellow |
|
2 Brassica |
| + |
Stigma distinctly 2-lobed, lobes subdecurrent; seeds oblong; fruit not segmented, with a distinct style; petals purple, lavender, or white |
|
8 Orychophragmus |
| |
|
|
|
| 102 (98) |
Fruit valves without a midvein, always coiled during dehiscence; replum strongly flattened or winged |
|
43 Cardamine |
| + |
Fruit valves with a prominent midvein or sometimes obscurely veined, never coiled during or after dehiscence; replum terete or rarely slightly flattened (a few Dontostemon). |
|
(103) |
| |
|
|
|
| 103 (102) |
All leaves palmately veined, undivided and reniform, cordate, deltoid, or broadly ovate. |
|
(104) |
| + |
Leaves pinnately veined, pinnately divided, if undivided then shapes different from above. |
|
(108) |
| |
|
|
|
| 104 (103) |
Leaf margin with distinct, mucronate callosities terminating ultimate veins; fruit valves obscurely veined. |
|
(105) |
| + |
Leaf margin without mucronate callosities; fruit valves prominently veined. |
|
(106) |
| |
|
|
|
| 105 (104) |
Annuals; fruit more than 10-seeded; cotyledons accumbent |
|
47 Neomartinella |
| + |
Rhizomatous perennials; fruit less than 10 seeded; cotyledons incumbent |
|
89 Eutrema |
| |
|
|
|
| 106 (104) |
Leaves flabellate, obovate, or spatulate; fruit latiseptate, valve apex persistently united with replum; cotyledons accumbent |
|
57 Desideria |
| + |
Leaves reniform, ovate, or deltoid; fruit terete or 4-angled, valve apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence; cotyledons incumbent. |
|
(107) |
| |
|
|
|
| 107 (106) |
Biennials; fruit torulose, valves 3-veined; seeds longitudinally striate |
|
87 Alliaria |
| + |
Perennials; fruit not torulose, valves 1-veined; seeds reticulate |
|
89 Eutrema |
| |
|
|
|
| 108 (103) |
At least lowermost cauline leaves pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or pinnately compound. |
|
(109) |
| + |
Leaves entire or dentate. |
|
(113) |
| |
|
|
|
| 109 (108) |
Fruit valves not veined or obscurely veined, if with a distinct midvein then seeds biseriate and colliculate. |
|
(110) |
| + |
Fruit valves with prominent midvein and marginal veins. |
|
(111) |
| |
|
|
|
| 110 (109) |
Leaves pinnatisect or lyrate; stems solid, not rooting from lowermost nodes; seeds foveolate or colliculate; petals yellow |
|
60 Rorippa |
| + |
Leaves pinnately compound; stems hollow, rooting from lowermost nodes; seeds coarsely reticulate; petals white |
|
61 Nasturtium |
| |
|
|
|
| 111 (109) |
Upper cauline leaves auriculate; stems distinctly angular |
|
46 Barbarea |
| + |
Upper cauline leaves not auriculate; stems usually terete. |
|
(112) |
| |
|
|
|
| 112 (111) |
Fruit flattened; stigma entire; cotyledons accumbent; petals white or pink |
|
49 Sisymbriopsis |
| + |
Fruit terete; stigma 2-lobed; cotyledons incumbent; petals yellow |
|
90 Sisymbrium |
| |
|
|
|
| 113 (108) |
Cauline leaves absent. |
|
(114) |
| + |
Cauline leaves present. |
|
(115) |
| |
|
|
|
| 114 (113) |
Fruit lanceolate, latiseptate; basal leaves setose-ciliate |
|
45 Phaeonychium |
| + |
Fruit ovoid, terete; basal leaves not setose-ciliate |
|
96 Braya |
| |
|
|
|
| 115 (113) |
Seeds foveolate or colliculate, 60-110 per fruit; petals yellow; cotyledons accumbent |
|
60 Rorippa |
| + |
Seeds reticulate, fewer per fruit, (to 96 in Thellungiella salsuginea); petals white, lavender, or purple (yellow in Christolea); cotyledons incumbent (accumbent in some Dontostemon). |
|
(116) |
| |
|
|
|
| 116 (115) |
Annuals. |
|
(117) |
| + |
Perennials. |
|
(119) |
| |
|
|
|
| 117 (116) |
Raceme rachis with minute, twisted trichomes; plants not glaucous; cauline leaves not auriculate or amplexicaul; filaments of median stamens united in pairs |
|
63 Dontostemon |
| + |
Raceme rachis glabrous; plants glaucous; cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul (except for Thellungiella parvula); filaments of median stamens free. |
|
(118) |
| |
|
|
|
| 118 (117) |
Fruit 3-10 cm, valves with an obscure midvein; seeds 1.5-2 mm |
|
9 Conringia |
| + |
Fruit 0.2-2 cm, valves with a prominent midvein; seeds 0.4-0.8 mm |
|
97 Thellungiella |
| |
|
|
|
| 119 (116) |
At least middle and lower cauline leaves petiolate, dentate; seeds transversely oriented in fruit; petals yellow |
|
56 Christolea |
| + |
Leaves sessile, entire; seeds longitudinally oriented in fruit; petals white or purple. |
|
(120) |
| |
|
|
|
| 120 (119) |
Seeds 20-60 per fruit; fruit terete or latiseptate; median staminal filaments united in pairs |
|
63 Dontostemon |
| + |
Seeds 2-10 per fruit; fruit slightly 4-angled; median staminal filaments free |
|
89 Eutrema |
| |
|
|
|
| 121 (77) |
Cauline leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect or narrowly trifid. |
|
(122) |
| + |
Cauline leaves undivided, lyrate, or rarely pinnatifid. |
|
(129) |
| |
|
|
|
| 122 (121) |
Fruit angustiseptate |
|
20 Hedinia |
| + |
Fruit terete or latiseptate. |
|
(123) |
| |
|
|
|
| 123 (122) |
Fruit latiseptate; filaments of median stamens united in pairs. |
|
(124) |
| + |
Fruit terete or slightly 4-angled; filaments of median stamens free. |
|
(125) |
| |
|
|
|
| 124 (123) |
Fruit tardily dehiscent, not torulose; leaf segments filiform; stigma conical; seeds wingless |
|
73 Leptaleum |
| + |
Fruit readily dehiscent, torulose; ultimate leaf segment oblong; stigma capitate; seeds narrowly winged distally |
|
95 Synstemon |
| |
|
|
|
| 125 (123) |
Infructescence rachis flexuous; uppermost leaves narrowly trifid |
|
91 Ianhedgea |
| + |
Infructescence rachis straight; uppermost leaves pinnatisect, rarely pinnatifid. |
|
(126) |
| |
|
|
|
| 126 (125) |
Dendritic trichomes absent; valves obscurely veined or not veined |
|
102 Sinosophiopsis |
| + |
Dendritic trichomes present; valves often prominently veined. |
|
(127) |
| |
|
|
|
| 127 (126) |
Pulvinate perennials; petals white or rarely pale yellow; style 0.5-1.5 mm; seeds not mucilaginous when wetted |
|
101 Smelowskia |
| + |
Annuals or biennials; petals yellow; style obsolete or rarely to 0.5 mm; seeds mucilaginous when wetted. |
|
(128) |
| |
|
|
|
| 128 (127) |
Fruit linear, 20-40-seeded, more than 1 cm, torulose |
|
99 Descurainia |
| + |
Fruit obovoid to ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid-linear, 4-16-seeded, rarely to 1 cm, not torulose |
|
100 Sophiopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 129 (121) |
Fruit subapically 4-horned |
|
65 Tetracme |
| + |
Fruit not horned. |
|
(130) |
| |
|
|
|
| 130 (129) |
Stigma conical, with strongly decurrent, connivent or united lobes. |
|
(131) |
| + |
Stigma capitate, entire or slightly lobed, rarely with divergent lobes. |
|
(134) |
| |
|
|
|
| 131 (130) |
Fruit latiseptate; seeds broadly winged; trichomes stellate and/or dendritic; cotyledons accumbent. |
|
(132) |
| + |
Fruit terete or 4-angled (latiseptate in Malcolmia hispida and M. karelinii); seeds wingless; trichomes simple and forked; cotyledons incumbent. |
|
(133) |
| |
|
|
|
| 132 (131) |
Perennials; fruit 6-11 cm × 1.5-2.7 mm; petals linear, circinately involute |
|
66 Matthiola |
| + |
Annuals; fruit 3-5 cm × 3-6 mm; petals oblong-obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, flat |
|
71 Cithareloma |
| |
|
|
|
| 133 (131) |
Annuals; lateral sepals not saccate |
|
74 Malcolmia |
| + |
Perennials or biennials; lateral sepals saccate |
|
75 Hesperis |
| |
|
|
|
| 134 (130) |
At least fruit, pedicels, and distal portions of stem exclusively or predominately with malpighiaceous trichomes and without simple trichomes ones. |
|
(135) |
| + |
Malpighiaceous trichomes absent from distal portions of plant. |
|
(137) |
| |
|
|
|
| 135 (134) |
Fruit indehiscent, breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments; septum absent; lowermost parts of plant with stalked trichomes |
|
79 Cryptospora |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent; septum present; all parts of plant with sessile, appressed trichomes. |
|
(136) |
| |
|
|
|
| 136 (135) |
Cotyledons accumbent; petals white becoming purple; anthers of median stamens 1-lobed |
|
78 Atelanthera |
| + |
Cotyledons incumbent; petals yellow or orange; anthers of median stamens 2-lobed |
|
83 Erysimum |
| |
|
|
|
| 137 (134) |
Fruit (3-)3.5-7(-10) mm wide. |
|
(138) |
| + |
Fruit to 2(-2.5) mm wide. |
|
(142) |
| |
|
|
|
| 138 (137) |
Fruit on a recurved gynophore 3-5 mm; stamens long exserted, 7-10 mm |
|
1 Macropodium |
| + |
Fruit sessile; stamens included or slightly exserted, less than 7 mm. |
|
(139) |
| |
|
|
|
| 139 (138) |
Racemes bracteate throughout |
|
57 Desideria |
| + |
Racemes ebracteate. |
|
(140) |
| |
|
|
|
| 140 (139) |
Fruit strongly reflexed, 4-angled, indehiscent; seeds winged |
|
67 Microstigma |
| + |
Fruit erect to divaricate, latiseptate, dehiscent; seeds wingless. |
|
(141) |
| |
|
|
|
| 141 (140) |
Fruit margins strongly indurated, bases of valves and replum persistently united; petals white; filaments of median stamens winged |
|
62 Lepidostemon |
| + |
Fruit margins not indurated, bases of valves and replum readily separated at dehiscence; petals purplish; median stamens slender |
|
58 Eurycarpus |
| |
|
|
|
| 142 (137) |
Fruit indehiscent, breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments; filaments of median stamens united to middle or nearly to apex |
|
80 Sterigmostemum |
| + |
Fruit dehiscent; filaments of median stamens free, rarely united only at base (Synstemon petrovii). |
|
(143) |
| |
|
|
|
| 143 (142) |
Seeds winged at least distally. |
|
(144) |
| + |
Seeds wingless. |
|
(146) |
| |
|
|
|
| 144 (143) |
Cotyledons incumbent; filaments of median stamens united at base; petal claws pilose |
|
95 Synstemon |
| + |
Cotyledons accumbent; filaments of median stamens free; petal claws glabrous. |
|
(145) |
| |
|
|
|
| 145 (144) |
Cauline leaves auriculate at base, or absent; valves obscurely veined or only midvein distinct; fruit elliptic-linear in cross section |
|
48 Arabis |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate; valves with prominent midvein and 2 marginal veins and conspicuous lateral ones; fruit rectangular in cross section |
|
49 Sisymbriopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 146 (143) |
Fruit latiseptate. |
|
(147) |
| + |
Fruit terete or 4-angled. |
|
(158) |
| |
|
|
|
| 147 (146) |
Fruiting stems leafless. |
|
(148) |
| + |
Fruiting stems leafy. |
|
(152) |
| |
|
|
|
| 148 (147) |
Annuals or biennials. |
|
(149) |
| + |
Perennials with well-developed caudex. |
|
(150) |
| |
|
|
|
| 149 (148) |
Fruit valve obscurely veined; seeds biseriate |
|
41 Draba |
| + |
Fruit valve with a prominent midvein; seeds uniseriate |
|
55 Drabopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 150 (148) |
Seeds biseriate; petals yellow |
|
41 Draba |
| + |
Seeds uniseriate; petals white or pink. |
|
(151) |
| |
|
|
|
| 151 (150) |
Plants robust, not pulvinate, 8-30 cm tall; cotyledons incumbent; petals 6.5-10 mm |
|
45 Phaeonychium |
| + |
Plants slender, pulvinate, to 2 cm tall; cotyledons accumbent; petals 3-4 mm |
|
86 Baimashania |
| |
|
|
|
| 152 (147) |
Racemes bracteate throughout or at least along proximal part. |
|
(153) |
| + |
Racemes ebracteate. |
|
(155) |
| |
|
|
|
| 153 (152) |
Cotyledons accumbent; fruits often twisted; seeds biseriate |
|
41 Draba |
| + |
Cotyledons incumbent; fruits not twisted; seeds uniseriate. |
|
(154) |
| |
|
|
|
| 154 (153) |
Fruit linear; seeds uniseriate |
|
45 Phaeonychium |
| + |
Fruit lanceolate or elliptic; seeds biseriate |
|
92 Aphragmus |
| |
|
|
|
| 155 (152) |
Plants exclusively with appressed, stellate trichomes; lateral sepals subsaccate; replum constricted between seeds; seeds 6-12 per fruit |
|
54 Stevenia |
| + |
Plants with more than 1 kind of trichomes; lateral sepals often not saccate; replum not constricted between seeds; seeds (16-)20-80 per fruit. |
|
(156) |
| |
|
|
|
| 156 (155) |
Seeds biseriate; fruit narrowly oblong, lanceolate, lanceolate-linear, or rarely linear, often slightly to strongly contorted |
|
41 Draba |
| + |
Seeds uniseriate; fruit narrowly linear, not contorted. |
|
(157) |
| |
|
|
|
| 157 (156) |
Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base; at least some trichomes stellate |
|
48 Arabis |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate at base; trichomes simple and forked |
|
50 Arabidopsis |
| |
|
|
|
| 158 (146) |
Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base. |
|
(159) |
| + |
Cauline leaves petiolate or narrowed to a petiolelike base, never auriculate, or fruiting stems leafless. |
|
(162) |
| |
|
|
|
| 159 (158) |
Fruit nearly 4-angled, appressed to rachis; plants glaucous distally; cotyledons accumbent |
|
59 Turritis |
| + |
Fruit terete, variously oriented, if appressed to stem then racemes bracteate and/or fruit pubescent; plants not glaucous distally; cotyledons incumbent. |
|
(160) |
| |
|
|
|
| 160 (159) |
Branched trichomes sessile, all stellate |
|
53 Pseudoarabidopsis |
| + |
Branched trichomes forked, submalpighiaceous, subdendritic, and stellate, often more than 1 type present. |
|
(161) |
| |
|
|
|
| 161 (160) |
Fruit with submalpighiaceous trichomes; petals yellow or rarely creamy white; racemes ebracteate |
|
52 Olimarabidopsis |
| + |
Fruit glabrous or with stellate or forked trichomes; petals purple, pink, or white; racemes often bracteate at least basally |
|
51 Crucihimalaya |
| |
|
|
|
| 162 (158) |
Fruit pubescent. |
|
(163) |
| + |
Fruit glabrous. |
|
(165) |
| |
|
|
|
| 163 (162) |
Plants with exclusively stalked, stellate trichomes; filaments of median stamens strongly flattened or winged at base |
|
93 Berteroella |
| + |
Plants with a mixture of simple, forked, stellate, or submalpighiaceous trichomes; filaments of median stamens slender. |
|
(164) |
| |
|
|
|
| 164 (163) |
Fruit linear, sometimes curved or twisted; stems often subdecumbent; plants annual, if perennial then racemes bracteate at least basally |
|
94 Neotorularia |
| + |
Fruit oblong, ovoid, or rarely linear; stems erect; plants perennial, with ebracteate racemes |
|
96 Braya |
| |
|
|
|
| 165 (162) |
Fruiting stems leafy. |
|
(166) |
| + |
Fruiting stems leafless. |
|
(167) |
| |
|
|
|
| 166 (165) |
Plants with exclusively simple and forked trichomes; upper cauline leaves entire; seeds 0.3-0.5 mm |
|
50 Arabidopsis |
| + |
Plants with some stellate and/or dendritic trichomes; at least some upper cauline leaves dentate, denticulate, or lobed; seeds larger |
|
51 Crucihimalaya |
| |
|
|
|
| 167 (165) |
Annuals; fruit linear; fruiting pedicels nearly as wide as fruit |
|
94 Neotorularia |
| + |
Perennials; fruit ovoid, oblong, or rarely linear; fruiting pedicels narrower than fruit |
|
96 Braya |
