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1. Solanum L., Sp. Pl. 184. 1753. Gen. Pl. ed. 5.224.1754; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4:229.1883; Cooke, Fl. Presd. Bomb. 2nd reprint ed. 2:331.1967; Hawkes & Edmonds in Tutin et al., Fl. Eur. 3:197.1972; Schoenbeck-Temesy in Rech. f., Fl. Iran. 100:7.1972; Baytop in Davis, Fl. Turk. 6:438.1978; Matthew, Fl. Tamilnadu Carnatic 1:1057.1983.
YASIN J. NASIR
Herbs. shrubs or small trees, often prickly or hairy. Leaves simple or divided. Flowers rarely solitary. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, sometimes enlarging in fruit. Corolla rotate; lobes 5, spreading or recurved. Stamens attached near mouth of corolla tube, exserted; anthers cone-like, with bases adnate to one another, dehiscence by 2 apical pores. Fruit a berry. Seeds compressed.
c. 1400 species, widespread in tropical and temperate regions of both the hemispheres. Represented in Pakistan by 15 species, of which 8 are native.
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| 1 |
Plants armed with prickles |
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(2) |
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Plants unarmed |
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(9) |
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| 2 (1) |
Prostrate plants. Leaves dark green above |
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4 Solanum surattense |
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Erect to scrambling shrubs or undershrubs, rarely small trees. Leaves usually greyish-green Above |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Plants cultivated |
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(4) |
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Plants indigenous or sometimes naturalised (S. elaegnifolium) |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Annual suffruticose herbs, 60-90 cm tall. Flowers purple to pale violet. Berries more than 80 mm long, ovoid, globose to elongated, normally various shades of purple |
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10 Solanum melongena |
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Perennial shrubs or small tree from 120-190 cm tall. Flowers white. Berries 8-12 mm broad, globose, yellow |
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11 Solanum torvum |
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| 5 (3) |
Scrambling undershrubs, sparsely prickly. Leaves
orbicular-oblong to subcordate |
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5 Solanum cordatum |
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Erect to scandent prickly shrubs. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Prickles acicular. Plants usually of neglected fields etc |
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7 Solanum elaeagnifolium |
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Prickles curved. Plants not weedy in nature |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves from 2 -5 cm long. Inflorescence 2-6-flowered |
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6 Solanum forskalii |
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Leaves 3.5-15 cm long. Inflorescence (3-) 4-15 flowered |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Inflorescence with all flowers bisexual. Calyx 3-4 mm long. Berry 8-10 mm broad |
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8 Solanum anguivi |
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Inflorescence with most upper flowers staminate. Calyx 6-7 mm long. Berry 25-30 mm broad |
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9 Solanum incanum |
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| 9 (1) |
Annual or perennial herbs |
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(10) |
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Shrubs or semi-shrubs |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Annual. Underground stem tubers absent. Leaves entire to irregular dentate. Corolla limb 5-6 mm broad |
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1 Solanum nigrum |
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Perennial. Underground stem tubers present. Leaves imparipinnate. Corolla limb 25 mm broad |
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14 Solanum tuberosum |
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| 11 (9) |
Shrubby climbers or scramblers |
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(12) |
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Erect shrubs |
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(14) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves pinnate or at least the base of some pin
natipartite |
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(13) |
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Leaves entire |
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13 Solanum jasminoides |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaves pinnate. Flowers in terminal drooping panicles. Plants cultivated |
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12 Solanum seaforthianum |
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Leaves entire or the base 1-4-pinnatipartite. Flowers in extra-axillary paniculate cymes. Plants not cultivated |
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2 Solanum dulcamara |
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| 14 (11) |
Plants densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves 8-25 x 4.0-9.5 cm. Berries yellow |
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3 Solanum erianthum |
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Plants glabrous to puberulous or scabrid. Leaves
3-8 x 1.0-3.5 cm. Berries scarlet-red, shiny |
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15 Solanum pseudo-capsicum |
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List of lower taxa
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