|
| 1 |
Involucel usually absent, sometimes present in Callirhoe, Malachra, Malvella, and Sidalcea, often deciduous in Sphaeralcea; fruits schizocarps |
|
(2) |
| + |
Involucel usually present, sometimes absent; fruits schizocarps or capsules |
|
(23) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Inflorescences subtended by boat-shaped sessile or subsessile bracts. |
|
33 Malachra, p. nnn |
| + |
Inflorescences not subtended by boat-shaped sessile or subsessile bracts |
|
(3) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Stigmas linear or filiform |
|
(4) |
| + |
Stigmas capitate |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
Herbs, (1–)2.2(–3) m; inflorescences terminal panicles; flowers unisexual, plants dioecious; corollas white. |
|
41 Napaea, p. nnn |
| + |
Herbs or subshrubs, usually less than 2 m; inflorescences axillary solitary flowers or terminal, open or spicate racemes or panicles; flowers bisexual or rarely unisexual, plants not dioecious; corollas usually not white |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Anthers borne ± evenly along staminal column; staminal columns not comprised of concentric series. |
|
20 Callirhoe (in part), p. nnn |
| + |
Anthers borne distally on staminal column, staminal columns comprised of concentric inner and outer series of filaments. |
|
46 Sidalcea (in part), p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (3) |
Mericarps 1- or 2-celled; distally dehiscent; seeds 1–3 per mericarp |
|
(7) |
| + |
Mericarps 1-celled; distally dehiscent, partially dehiscent, or indehiscent; seeds usually 1 per mericarp (3–6 in Abutilon; 2–6 in Herissantia) |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Calyces subequal to or longer than fruits; seeds 2 or 3 per mericarp |
|
(8) |
| + |
Calyces usually shorter than fruits; seeds 1–3 per mericarp |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Calyces usually 8–13 mm; mericarps with prominent, medial constriction resulting in 2 cells. |
|
14 Allowissadula, p. nnn |
| + |
Calyces 4–8 mm; mericarps with obscure medial constriction (except P. umbellatum). |
|
43 Pseudabutilon, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (7) |
Styles 3–6-branched; petals 3–5 mm. |
|
52 Wissadula, p. nnn |
| + |
Styles 6–12-branched; petals 6–21 mm |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Mericarps with medial constriction, distal cell unwinged; seeds 1 per mericarp; Texas. |
|
18 Batesimalva, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps without medial constriction, distal cell apically winged; seeds 2 or 3 per mericarp; Arizona, California. |
|
27 Horsfordia, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (6) |
Calyces completely enclosing fruits or leaves maplelike |
|
(12) |
| + |
Calyces closely subtending, not enclosing fruits (fruits closely invested by calyx tube in Fryxellia); leaves seldom maplelike (Anoda; Sida hermaphrodita) |
|
(14) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Corollas white; calyces not completely enclosing fruits; leaves maplelike; east of Mississippi River. |
|
45 Sida (in part), p. nnn |
| + |
Corollas yellow or white, fading rose; calyces completely enclosing fruits; leaves not maplelike; west of Mississippi River |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Corollas white, fading rose; calyces brownish-membranous at maturity; mericarps fragile-walled, unornamented. |
|
30 Krapovickasia, p. nnn |
| + |
Corollas yellow; calyces green-membranous at maturity; mericarps indurate, laterally reticulate-walled, with horizontal obtuse rostrum. |
|
44 Rhynchosida, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (11) |
Fruits spheric, inflated, not indurate, setose, reflexed. |
|
25 Herissantia, p. nnn |
| + |
Fruits not both spheric and inflated (can appear somewhat inflated in Fryxellia but not spheric or pendent), usually indurate, hairy, seldom setose, usually erect |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Mericarps 3–6-seeded. |
|
12 Abutilon, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps 1-seeded |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (15) |
Leaf blades cuneate at base, otherwise broadly oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm; mericarps 5; usually saline habitats. |
|
19 Billieturnera, p. nnn |
| + |
Leaf blades variously shaped at base, ovate, reniform, oblong, elliptic, lanceolate, or linear, usually 1.5+ cm; mericarps 5+; seldom saline habitats (except Malvella) |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Mericarps: lateral walls evanescent, spur rarely absent. |
|
16 Anoda, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps: lateral walls persistent (firm or indurate), spur usually absent (except Fryxellia) |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (17) |
Plants cespitose; mericarps with dorsal spur and endoglossum. |
|
23 Fryxellia, p. nnn |
| + |
Plants not cespitose; mericarps without dorsal spur (sometimes with apical spines) or endoglossum |
|
(19) |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (18) |
Corollas purple, 3–6 mm; calyces 2–4 mm, not costate; pedicels capillary |
|
(20) |
| + |
Corollas yellow or yellowish, usually 6+ mm; calyces 4–10 mm, costate or not; pedicels not capillary |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Mericarps 7 or 8, lateral walls prominently reticulate; leaves distichous; styles 7 or 8, purple; corollas rotate; inflorescences solitary flowers. |
|
39 Meximalva, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps 5, lateral walls smooth or weakly reticulate; leaves not distichous; styles 5, pallid; corollas reflexed; inflorescences terminal panicles. |
|
47 Sidastrum, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (19) |
Leaf blades asymmetric; stems prostrate; indument sometimes ± lepidote; often saline habitats. |
|
38 Malvella (in part), p. nnn |
| + |
Leaf blades symmetric; stems usually erect, seldom prostrate; indument never lepidote; not saline habitats |
|
(22) |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (21) |
Herbage prominently viscid; calyces divided nearly to base, not costate; fruit walls papery. |
|
17 Bastardia, p. nnn |
| + |
Herbage seldom viscid; calyces usually 1/2-divided, usually costate; fruit walls indurate. |
|
45 Sida (in part), p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (1) |
Ovaries 3–5-carpellate; fruits usually capsules |
|
(24) |
| + |
Ovaries (5)6–36-carpellate; fruits schizocarps |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (23) |
Trees; leaves: venation pinnate; involucellar bractlets basally connate. |
|
31 Lagunaria, p. nnn |
| + |
Trees, subshrubs, or herbs; leaves: venation palmate; involucellar bractlets usually distinct (except Abelmoschus, Talipariti, and Urena), not enclosing bud |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (24) |
Involucellar bractlets 3, distinct |
|
(26) |
| + |
Involucellar bractlets 4+, distinct or ± connate |
|
(27) |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (25) |
Capsules ovoid or subglobose to oblong, dehiscent; shrubs or trees. |
|
24 Gossypium, p. nnn |
| + |
Capsules oblate, indehiscent; trees. |
|
50 Thespesia, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (25) |
Calyces deciduous, spathaceous. |
|
11 Abelmoschus, p. nnn |
| + |
Calyces persistent, not spathaceous |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Fruits ovoid, subglobose, or spheroid, not fleshy; seeds 2–20 per locule |
|
(29) |
| + |
Fruits oblate, rarely fleshy, seeds 1 per locule |
|
(31) |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (28) |
Calyces gland-dotted; ovaries 3–5-carpellate; styles usually connate to apex; stigmas 3–5, decurrent. |
|
21 Cienfuegosia, p. nnn |
| + |
Calyces not gland-dotted; ovaries 5-carpellate; styles proximally connate, distally 5-fid; stigmas 5, capitate to discoid |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (29) |
Stipules persistent or caducous, not enlarged in bud; relatively dry habitats or freshwater swamps. |
|
26 Hibiscus, p. nnn |
| + |
Stipules caducous, enlarged in bud, leaving annular scars; estuarine habitats. |
|
49 Talipariti, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (28) |
Fruits 5-angled, sections dehiscent; foliage scabrid; styles 5-fid. |
|
29 Kosteletzkya, p. nnn |
| + |
Fruits not angled, indehiscent; foliage glabrous or hairy, seldom scabrid; styles 10-fid |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (31) |
Leaves with abaxial nectaries; involucellar bractlets 5. |
|
51 Urena, p. nnn |
| + |
Leaves without nectaries; involucellar bractlets 5–9 |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Petals basally auriculate, usually red; fruits fleshy, red; stamens and stigmas usually exserted. |
|
37 Malvaviscus, p. 298 |
| + |
Petals usually not auriculate, lavender, pink, or yellow; fruits dry, not colored; stamens and stigmas usually included. |
|
42 Pavonia, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (23) |
Involucellar bractlets 6–12 |
|
(35) |
| + |
Involucellar bractlets (0 or)1–3 |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (34) |
Petals 3+ cm; mericarps 2-celled, proximal cell fertile, distal cell sterile; staminal columns 5-angled, anthers pale yellow. |
|
13 Alcea, p. nnn |
| + |
Petals (0.9–)1–2 cm; mericarps 1-celled; staminal columns cylindric, anthers purple or pale pink to almost white or yellow. |
|
15 Althaea, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (34) |
Leaf blades asymmetric; herbage hairy, hairs mixed stellate and lepidote. |
|
38 Malvella (in part), p. nnn |
| + |
Leaf blades symmetric; herbage usually stellate-hairy, glabrate, or glabrous, sometimes some hairs simple, seldom lepidote |
|
(37) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Mericarps 2-celled; seeds 2 per mericarp; corollas salmon-orange; mericarps drying black; stems prostrate to ascending. |
|
40 Modiola, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps 1 or 2-celled, seeds 1–4 per mericarp; corollas sometimes salmon-orange; mericarps drying black, brown, or tan; stems usually erect, sometimes ascending, decumbent, or prostrate |
|
(38) |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Corollas yellow or yellow-orange, without darker veins. |
|
36 Malvastrum, p. nnn |
| + |
Corollas usually white, pinkish, pink, magenta, rose-purple, rose-pink, purple, mauve, orange, red-orange, or red, sometimes salmon-orange, sometimes with darker veins |
|
(39) |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (38) |
Stigmas capitate or obliquely capitate |
|
(40) |
| + |
Stigmas linear or filiform |
|
(43) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Stigmas obliquely capitate; mericarps 8–15 mm; seeds 2–4 per mericarp. |
|
28 Iliamna, p. nnn |
| + |
Stigmas capitate; mericarps to 8 mm; seeds 1–3 per mericarp |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Fruits glabrous; mericarps indehiscent; seeds 1 per mericarp; herbs, annual. |
|
22 Eremalche, p. nnn |
| + |
Fruits hairy; mericarps dehiscent; seeds 1–3 per mericarp; usually shrubs or subshrubs, rarely herbs |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Mericarps dehiscent to base, usually smooth; seeds 1 per mericarp; involucellar bractlets persistent, 3. |
|
34 Malacothamnus, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps proximally indehiscent, ± dehiscent apically, reticulate; seeds 1 or 2(or 3) per mericarp; involucellar bractlets persistent or deciduous, 2 or 3. |
|
48 Sphaeralcea, p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (39) |
Mericarps obtusely beaked, mucronate, or cuspidate |
|
(44) |
| + |
Mericarps not beaked, mucronate, or cuspidate |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Mericarps obtusely beaked or not; anthers ± evenly distributed along staminal column; staminal column single; roots usually taproots; mostly east of 103°W longitude. |
|
20 Callirhoe (in part), p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps mucronate or cuspidate; anthers distal on staminal column; staminal column double (concentric inner and outer series of filaments); roots usually fibrous, fleshy or not; mostly west of 103°W longitude. |
|
46 Sidalcea (in part), p. nnn |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (43) |
Involucellar bractlets present or absent; staminal column double (concentric inner and outer series of filaments). |
|
46 Sidalcea (in part), p. nnn |
| + |
Involucellar bractlets present; staminal column single |
|
(46) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Mericarps elliptic in cross section, edges rounded, walls readily separating from seed; involucellar bractlets basally connate 1/2 length; style base persistent on fruit, swollen. |
|
32 Lavatera, p. nnn |
| + |
Mericarps wedge-shaped in cross section, edges usually sharp, walls not readily separating from seed; involucellar bractlets usually distinct, sometimes basally connate; style bases not both persistent and swollen. |
|
35 Malva, p. nnn |
|
